簡介
ASIC（專用積體電路）Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. A piece of custom-designed hardware in a chip.
專用積體電路。一個在一個晶片上定製設計的硬體。
address bus （地址匯流排）
A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripherals withwhich itcommunicates. The address bus is used by the processor to select aspecific memory location or register within a particular peripheral. If the address bus contains n electrical lines, the processor can uniquely address up to 2^n such locations.
詳細信息
一個連線處理器與所有外設的，用來通訊的電子線路集。地址匯流排被處理器用來選擇在特定外設中的存儲器地址或暫存器。如果地址匯流排有n條電子線路，處理器能唯一定址高達2^n的地址空間。BSP（板卡支持包）
See board support package.
board support package（板卡支持包）
Part of a software package that is processor or platform-dependent. Typically,sample source code for the board support package is provided by the package developer. The sample code must be modified as necessary, compiled, and linked with the remainder of the software package.
軟體包的具有平台依賴性的那一部分。典型地，板卡支持包的樣例源程式由包開發者提供。樣例源程式必須能在需要時被修改、編譯並與軟體包的剩下的部分連線起來。
cross-compiler（交叉編譯器）
A compiler that runs on a different platform than the one for which it produces object code. A cross-compiler runs on a host computer and produces object code for the target.
一個運行在不同的平台上的編譯器，其中之一能產生目標代碼。交叉編譯器在主機上運行並且產生目標機的目標代碼。
DMA（直接記憶體訪問）
Direct Memory Access. A technique for transferring data directly between two peripherals (usually memory and an I/O device) with only minimal interventi on by the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called
a DMA controller.
直接記憶體訪問。一種直接在兩個外設（通常是記憶體和I/O設備）之間進行數據傳輸的技術，它只要處理器最少的介入。DMA傳輸由叫DMA控制器的第三方外設進行管理。
DRAM（動態隨機訪問存儲器）
Dynamic Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that maintains its contents only as long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular intervals.
The refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM controller.
動態隨機訪問存儲器。一種RAM，存儲在其設備中的數據被定期刷新時才能保存它的內容。刷新周期一般由一個叫DRAM控制器的外設完成。
EEPROM（電可擦的，可程式的唯讀存儲器）
Electrically Erasable, Programmable Read-Only Memory. (Pronounced"Double-E"-PROM.) A type of ROM that can be erased electronically.
電可擦的，可程式的唯讀存儲器。一種ROM能被電擦除。
EPROM（可擦的，可程式的唯讀存儲器）
Erasable, Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light. Once erased, an EPROM can be reprogrammed with the help of a device programmer.
一種可用紫外線擦除的存儲器。一次擦除後，EPROM可以在設備編程器的幫助下被重編程。
embedded system（嵌入式系統）
A combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function. In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of an anti-lock braking system in a car. Contrast with general-purpose computer.
計算機硬體和軟體的結合體，或許還加上機械等其他部分，被設計來完成專門的功能。在一些情況下，嵌入式系統是一個大的系統或產品的一部分，就象汽車上的防抱死裝置。與通用計算機相對。
Emulator(仿真器)
Short for In-Circuit Emulator (ICE). A debugging tool that takes the placeof-emulates-the processor on your target board. Emulators frequently incorporate a special "bond-out" version of the target processor that allows you to observe and record its internal state as your program is executing. 線上仿真器的簡寫。一個在你的目標板上放置仿真的處理器的調試工具。仿真器經常和一目標處理器的一種“外合”版本合在一起，這個版本的的處理器允許你運行程式時觀察和記錄它的內部狀態。
Executable（可執行的）
A file containing object code that is ready for execution on the target. All that remains is to place the object code into a ROM or download it via a debugging tool.
一個包含準備在目標機上運行的目標代碼的檔案。放置目標代碼到ROM中或通過調試工具下載。
Firmware（固件）
Embedded software that is stored as object code within a ROM. This name is most common among the users of digital signal processors.
是作為目標代碼存貯在ROM中的嵌入式軟體。這個名字在數位訊號處理器的用戶中相當流行。
flash memory （快閃記憶體）
A RAM-ROM hybrid that can be erased and rewritten under software control. Such devices are divided into blocks, called sectors, that are individually-erasable. Flash memory is common in systems that require nonvolatile data storage at very low cost. In some cases, a large fash memory may even be used instead of a disk-drive.
一種RAM-ROM的混血兒，它能在軟體的控制下被擦除和重寫。一些設備被分成叫段組的塊，能個別地可擦。快閃記憶體用在需要很便宜的非易失數據存貯器的地方，一個大容量的快閃記憶體甚至被用作磁碟驅動器。
intertask communication（進程間通訊）
A mechanism used by tasks and interrupt service routines to share information and synchronize their access to shared resources. The most common building blocks of intertask communication are semaphores and mutexes.
一種被用來在任務和中斷服務程式之間共享信息和同步它們對共享資源訪問的機制。大部分進程間通訊的建立的基石是信號燈和互斥。
Kernel（核心）
An essential part of any multitasking operating system, the kernel contains just the scheduler and context-switch routine.
任何多任務作業系統的本質部分，核心僅僅包含調度程式和上下文切換進程。
Linker（連線程式）
A software development tool that accepts one or more object files as input and outputs a relocatable program. The linker is thus run after all of the source files have been compiled or assembled.
一種能把一個或更多目標檔案組合成可輸入和輸出的可重定位程式的開發工具。連線程式在所有的源檔案都被編譯或彙編之後運行。
Locator（定位程式）
A software development tool that assigns physical addresses to the relocatable program produced by the linker. This is the last step in the preparation of software for execution by an embedded system and the resulting file is called an executable. In some cases, the locator"s function may be hidden with in the linker.
一種分配物理地址給連線程式處理過的可重定位程式的軟體開發工具。這是準備一個軟體在嵌入式系統中運行的最後一步，並且結果檔案叫做可執行的。在一些情況下，定位程式功能隱藏在連線程式中。
logic analyzer（邏輯分析儀）
A hardware debugging tool that can be used to capture the logic levels (0 or 1) of dozens, or even hundreds, of electrical signals in real-time. Logic analyzers can be quite helpful for debugging hardware problems and complex processor-peripheral interactions.
一種硬體調試工具，能捕獲實時電信號的許多邏輯電平（0或1），邏輯分析儀在調試硬體問題和複雜的處理外設互動時相當有用。
Oscilloscope（示波器）
A hardware debugging tool that allows you to view the voltage on one or more electrical lines. For example, you might use an oscilloscope to determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted.
一種硬體調試工具，它讓你能觀察到一個或更多電路上的電壓。例如：如果一個特殊的中斷髮生，你可以用一個示波器去檢測它。
PROM（可程式唯讀存儲器）
Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be written (programmed) with a device programmer. These memory devices can be programmed only once, so they are sometimes referred to as write-once or one-time programmable devices.
可程式唯讀存儲器。能被設備編程器寫的一種ROM。這種記憶體設備可以被編程一次，所以它們有時被作為寫一次或一次性編程設備來看待。
parallel processing（並行進程）
The ability to apply two or more processors to a single computation.
一種在單個計算機上運行兩個或多個程式的能力。
processor-independent（處理器無關）
A piece of software that is independent of the processor on which it will berun. Most programs that can be written in a high-level language are processor-independent. Contrast with processor-specific.
一個與處理器無關的，並能在其上運行的軟體。大多數用高級語言編寫程式是處理器無關的。相對於處理器定製。
processor-specific（處理器定製）
A piece of software that is highly dependent on the processor on which it will be run. Such code must usually be written in assembly language. Contrast with processor-independent.
一個高度依賴處理器的軟體，在上其才能運行。一些代碼必須用彙編語言編寫。相對於處理器無關。
Oscilloscope（示波器）
A hardware debugging tool that allows you to view the voltage on one or more electrical lines. For example, you might use an oscilloscope to determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted.
一種硬體調試工具，它讓你能觀察到一個或更多電路上的電壓。例如：如果一個特殊的中斷髮生，你可以用一個示波器去檢測它。
PROM（可程式唯讀存儲器）
Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be written (programmed) with a device programmer. These memory devices can be programmed only once, so they are sometimes referred to as write-once or one-time programmable devices.
可程式唯讀存儲器。能被設備編程器寫的一種ROM。這種記憶體設備可以被編程一次，所以它們有時被作為寫一次或一次性編程設備來看待。
parallel processing（並行進程）
The ability to apply two or more processors to a single computation.
一種在單個計算機上運行兩個或多個程式的能力。
processor-independent（處理器無關）
A piece of software that is independent of the processor on which it will berun. Most programs that can be written in a high-level language are processor-independent. Contrast with processor-specific.
一個與處理器無關的，並能在其上運行的軟體。大多數用高級語言編寫程式是處理器無關的。相對於處理器定製。
processor-specific（處理器定製）
A piece of software that is highly dependent on the processor on which it will be run. Such code must usually be written in assembly language. Contrast with processor-independent.
一個高度依賴處理器的軟體，在上其才能運行。一些代碼必須用彙編語言編寫。相對於處理器無關
