瓣蕊花科

瓣蕊花科

舌蕊花科也叫假木蘭科、瓣蕊花科、芳香木科、錐形藥科或刺毛樹科,只有1屬—白木蘭屬(Galbulimima)2種,僅生長在澳大利亞北部和東南亞島嶼上。

本科植物都是含芳香油的喬木,單葉互生,其樹皮和葉有麻醉作用,用於原始宗教的儀式。

基本信息

生物基本信息

瓣蕊花科 (HIMAMTANDRACEAEDiels1917nom.conserv.),大型、芳香的喬木,薄壁組織具球形油細胞,植物體含瓣蕊花鹼(himandrin)和同類的生物鹼(為一類特殊的吡啶類生物鹼),但不含異喹啉類生物鹼;一些細胞草酸鈣的單晶或簇晶;莖薄壁組織中分散有石細胞,在葉中也多少有分布;莖節具三葉隙;髓多少有良好發育的厚壁組織橫隔;導管分子伸長,具單穿孔,或一部分在幼莖中具梯紋穿孔板;無穿孔的輸水分子具具緣紋孔,不同的作者認為是管胞或纖維管胞;木薄壁組織為離管型,含晶體,並組成同心的帶狀;木射線細胞異形,或在晚材中近同形,大多數為(1)2-3(4)列;次生韌皮部在切向上分層,纖維層和非纖維層交替排列,並具楔狀射線。葉互生,單葉,全緣,具透明腺點,羽狀脈,下表面(及幼枝)覆蓋有特徵性的盾狀毛;氣孔為平列型,數個排成一環,每環各為一枚盾狀毛遮掩;葉柄具環狀排列的離生維管束;托葉缺。花相當大,單生(稀2-3)於側枝上,兩性,下位;萼片2,早落,帽狀,一枚包住另一枚,外側的一枚被認為是由2枚合生萼片演化而來,內側的一枚則被認為是由4枚合生花瓣演化而來,或有時兩者均被看作是苞片(如Endress);花冠由數枚(約7-9)螺鏇狀排列的披針狀線形花瓣組成,這些花瓣毫無疑問是退化雄蕊起源的,如果把內側的帽狀萼片看成變態的花冠的話,那么這些花瓣就可解釋為是退化雄蕊;雄蕊多數(約25-30),螺鏇狀排列,外觀極似花瓣,不分化為花絲花葯。4個小孢子囊相當短,多少嵌生於片狀雄蕊中部以下的遠軸一邊,在中脈和邊脈間兩兩成對,每一對沿單獨一縫開裂;數枚(約8-10)螺鏇狀排列的退化雄蕊生於正常雄蕊和雌蕊間;花粉粒近球形,具單溝(即遠極溝),具多少堅實、均質的外壁;雌蕊約(6)7-10或多數(多至約28),螺鏇狀排列,心皮閉合,明顯分化為子房和具下延柱頭的短花柱,花期各心皮在基部微合生,果期則較充分地以邊緣合生;每室具單1(稀為2)胚珠,懸垂,片狀邊緣胎座,倒生。果實球形,蟲癭狀,肉質,因心皮的癒合而為多室;種子具小形、雙子葉的胚和豐富、富含油脂、非嚼爛狀的胚乳。2n=24。

種族信息

瓣蕊花科僅含瓣蕊花屬Galbulimina (Himantandra)一屬,分布限於紐幾內亞、馬魯古(Molucca)群島和澳大利亞東北部。一種觀點認為這三個地區各有一特有種,另一種觀點則認為只有一種,即瓣蕊花G. belgraveana (F. Muell.) Sprague。
瓣蕊花科一般認為和木蘭科單心木蘭科番荔枝科有聯繫。因此,即使在定義較狹的木蘭目中,它們也仍被保留。不過,本科每心皮通常只具單1胚珠,這一特徵在木蘭目中比較特殊,而與樟目(Laurales)相似。和木蘭目中其他各科一樣,本科也代表了一個孤立進化死支,和其他各科均無密切聯繫。

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