人物經歷
1999年畢業於北京大學，獲影像醫學博士學位；隨後為法國波爾多大學放射學博士後、美國威斯康星醫學院藥物性磁共振功能成像博士後、美國南卡羅納州醫科大學腦刺激功能成像博士後。先後師從於著名藥理功能性磁共振成像專家斯坦博士及腦刺激功能成像專家喬治博士(著名放射學家、神經學家和精神學家)、Bohning博士和摩根博士（著名物理學家）；2003年從南卡羅納州醫科大學博士後畢業後，他留在南卡羅納州醫科大學腦刺激實驗室、高級影像中心擔任研究員，從事功能磁共振成像、擴散、灌注、波譜及結構方面的研究。隨著事業的發展，他成為該大學博士及博士後指導老師，現為該中心首席科學家、北京大學客座教授。
母其文通過了美國醫學執照基礎醫學考試 （USMLE Step 1）和臨床醫學考試(USMLE Step 2 CK)；曾獲教育部提名國家科技進步二等獎、中華醫學科技進步二等獎等國家級、部省級及市廳級獎勵5項。參編專著3部，含英文兩部。發表論文50餘篇, 包括Biological Psychiatry 等國內外專業核心期刊。部分論文單篇國際上引用達70餘次，總引用超過300次。美國神經成像、美國生物精神學、實用放射學、西部醫學等雜誌邀請審稿專家或編委。現為南充市中心醫院院長助理兼影像科主任。
母其文完成多項解剖結構性、功能性磁共振成像項目研究, 包括： （1）2004 年首次用磁共振功能成像檢測到不同脈衝寬度迷走神經刺激的急性顱內效應；(2) 2005年用功能性磁共振技術首次發現工作記憶的基線活動水平可以預測睡眠剝奪的易感性；(3) 2007年首次用功能性磁共振成像發現多巴胺協同劑增強了精神分裂症前額葉的血流灌注。
母其文為南充市中心醫院帶來的經顱磁刺激技術(TMS)項目，在國外已用於多種神經精神疾病的治療與研究，並被美國FDA批准臨床使用，目前北京、上海等地陸續引進並用於臨床治療研究。 但互動式經顱磁刺激磁共振功能成像技術項目（Interleaved Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation functional MagneticResonance Imaging ，TMS-fMRI），一種將經顱磁刺激與磁共振功能成像互動整合起來並用磁共振功能成像來實時檢測經顱磁刺激過程中的急性顱腦反應的技術，目前僅在美國、英國、德國等為數不多已開發國家研究機構開展。母其文回國後，南充中心醫院投入巨資在亞洲成立“腦功能康復與開發成像研究所”。 2011年6月，母其文等在南充成功開展互動式經顱磁刺激磁共振功能成像技術項目，在國內率先用互動式經顱磁刺激磁共振功能成像技術檢測到首例人腦經顱磁刺激過程中腦功能活動的改變 。
研究興趣：1. CT和磁共振成像新技術研究套用；2.功能性磁共振成像；3.藥理功能性磁共振成像；4.基於體素的形態學測量；5.磁共振彌散成像；6.磁共振灌注成像；7.磁共振波譜；8.早老性痴呆早期結構功能標誌；9.經顱腦磁刺激磁共振成像；10.迷走神經刺激成像；11.腦深部刺激成像；12.抑鬱症腦功能成像；13.毒品成癮腦功能成像；14.睡眠障礙對人體認知功能的改變；15.動物研究。
研究特長：1.功能性磁共振成像：設計、數據分析，熟悉最為流行的三大數據處理軟體（SPM,AFNI,FSL)；2.藥理功能性磁共振成像：設計、數據分析；3.基於體素的形態學測量：分段技術；4.彌散成像：設計、數據分析；5.灌注成像：設計、數據分析；6.磁共振波譜：設計、數據分析；7.經顱腦磁刺激磁共振成像：設計、數據分析；8.迷走神經刺激磁共振成像：設計、數據分析；9.抑鬱症腦功能成像：設計、數據分析；10.毒品成癮功能成像：設計、數據分析。
附：TMS是Barker 等學者於1985年首先創立，是一種利用脈衝電磁場和交變電磁場產生的感應電流作用於大腦中樞神經系統，改變大腦皮層神經細胞的膜電位，影響腦內代謝和神經電位活動，從而引起一系列生理功能反應的一種大腦皮層刺激方法，具有無痛、無損傷、無X線輻射等優點。隨著計算機技術的發展，重複經顱磁刺激技術（Repeated TMS，rTMS）在認知神經科學、臨床神經精神疾病及康復領域獲得越來越多的認可。2004年加拿大批准TMS進入臨床套用；2008年美國藥品與食物管理局（FDA）批准TMS臨床使用治療藥物難治性抑鬱症。該技術將被廣泛套用於認知科學、神經病學、精神病學、康復醫學、小兒腦損傷等臨床治療與研究。TMS-fMRI能讓科研人員、臨床醫務工作者在腦功能刺激成像過程中直接“看”到人腦神經網路協調活動改變，並試圖以此調節治療參數達到最佳治療效果，同時為人類探索和發揮腦認知功能開闢了新的途徑。
Mu Q AJNR 20-207,1999.doc(608.50K)
1. Mu Q, Xie J, Wen Z, Weng Y, Shuyun Z. A quantitative MR study of the hippocampal formation, the amygdala, and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in healthy subjects 40 to 90 years of age. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 Feb;20(2):207-11.
Cited 80 times
| Record 1 of 79 |
| Title: More is less: Emotion induced prefrontal cortex activity habituates in aging |
| Author(s): Roalf, DR (Roalf, David R.); Pruis, TA (Pruis, Trisha A.); Stevens, AA (Stevens, Alexander A.); Janowsky, JS (Janowsky, Jeri S.) |
| Source: NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Volume: 32 Issue: 9 Pages: 1634-1650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.10.007 Published: SEP 2011 |
| Abstract: Several recent studies have documented age-related changes in brain activity-less amygdala activity and higher prefrontal activity in response to emotional stimuli. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined whether aging also affects the maintenance of activity to emotional stimuli and whether maintenance differs by the valence (negative, neutral and positive) of the pictures. Younger participants had a larger volume of activity in the amygdala but less in the prefrontal cortex than the old. The old showed more habituation to highly arousing negative but not positive or neutral stimuli in prefrontal cortex as compared to younger participants. Thus prefrontal cortex activity indexes emotion in the elderly, but not the young. Amplified prefrontal activity suggests elderly increase cognitive control for negative, highly arousing emotional stimuli, but it is not maintained. Taken together, age-related increases in prefrontal activity and reduced amygdala activity may underlie observed affective changes in aging. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| ISSN: 0197-4580 |
| Record 2 of 79 |
| Title: Binocular Rivalry: A Window Into Emotional Processing in Aging |
| Author(s): Bannerman, RL (Bannerman, Rachel L.); Regener, P (Regener, Paula); Sahraie, A (Sahraie, Arash) |
| Source: PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING Volume: 26 Issue: 2 Pages: 372-380 DOI: 10.1037/a0022029 Published: JUN 2011 |
| Abstract: Previous binocular rivalry studies with younger adults have shown that emotional stimuli dominate perception over neutral stimuli. Here we investigated the effects of age on patterns of emotional dominance during binocular rivalry. Participants performed a face/house rivalry task where the emotion of the face (happy, angry, neutral) and orientation (upright, inverted) of the face and house stimuli were varied systematically. Age differences were found with younger adults showing a general emotionality effect (happy and angry faces were more dominant than neutral faces) and older adults showing inhibition of anger (neutral faces were more dominant than angry faces) and positivity effects (happy faces were more dominant than both angry and neutral faces). Age differences in dominance patterns were reflected by slower rivalry rates for both happy and angry compared to neutral face/house pairs in younger adults, and slower rivalry rates for happy compared to both angry and neutral face/house pairs in older adults. Importantly, these patterns of emotional dominance and slower rivalry rates for emotional-face/house pairs disappeared when the stimuli were inverted. This suggests that emotional valence, and not low-level image features, were responsible for the emotional bias in both age groups. Given that binocular rivalry has a limited role for voluntary control, the findings imply that anger suppression and positivity effects in older adults may extend to more automatic tasks. |
| ISSN: 0882-7974 |
| Record 3 of 79 |
| Title: Quantization and analysis of hippocampal morphometric changes due to dementia of Alzheimer type using metric distances based on large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping |
| Author(s): Ceyhan, E (Ceyhan, Elvan); Beg, MF (Beg, Mirza Faisal); Ceritoglu, C (Ceritoglu, Can); Wang, L (Wang, Lei); Morris, JC (Morris, John C.); Csernansky, JG (Csernansky, John G.); Miller, MI (Miller, Michael I.); Ratnanather, JT (Ratnanather, J. Tilak) |
| Source: COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL IMAGING AND GRAPHICS Volume: 35 Issue: 4 Pages: 275-293 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2011.01.005 Published: JUN 2011 |
| Abstract: The metric distance obtained from the large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) algorithm is used to quantize changes in morphometry of brain structures due to neuropsychiatric diseases. For illustrative purposes we consider changes in hippocampal morphometry (shape and size) due to very mild dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). LDDMM, which was previously used to calculate dense one-to-one correspondence vector fields between hippocampal shapes, measures the morphometric differences with respect to a template hippocampus by assigning metric distances on the space of anatomical images thereby allowing for direct comparison of morphometric differences. We characterize what information the metric distances provide in terms of size and shape given the hippocampal, brain and intracranial volumes. We demonstrate that metric distance is a measure of morphometry (i.e., shape and size) but mostly a measure of shape, while volume is mostly a measure of size. Moreover, we show how metric distances can be used in cross-sectional, longitudinal analysis, as well as left-right asymmetry comparisons, and provide how the metric distances can serve as a discriminative tool using logistic regression. Thus, we show that metric distances with respect to a template computed via LDDMM can be a powerful tool in detecting differences in shape. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| ISSN: 0895-6111 Record 4 of 79 Title: Consistent neuroanatomical age-related volume differences across multiple samples Author(s): Walhovd, KB (Walhovd, Kristine B.); Westlye, LT (Westlye, Lars T.); Amlien, I (Amlien, Inge); Espeseth, T (Espeseth, Thomas); Reinvang, I (Reinvang, Ivar); Raz, N (Raz, Naftali); Agartz, I (Agartz, Ingrid); Salat, DH (Salat, David H.); Greve, DN (Greve, Doug N.); Fischl, B (Fischl, Bruce); Dale, AM (Dale, Anders M.); Fjell, AM (Fjell, Anders M.) Source: NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Volume: 32 Issue: 5 Pages: 916-932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.013 Published: MAY 2011 Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the principal method for studying structural age-related brain changes in vivo. However, previous research has yielded inconsistent results, precluding understanding of structural changes of the aging brain. This inconsistency is due to methodological differences and/or different aging patterns across samples. To overcome these problems, we tested age effects on 17 different neuroanatomical structures and total brain volume across five samples, of which one was split to further investigate consistency (883 participants). Widespread age-related volume differences were seen consistently across samples. In four of the five samples, all structures, except the brainstem, showed age-related volume differences. The strongest and most consistent effects were found for cerebral cortex, pallidum, putamen and accumbens volume. Total brain volume, cerebral white matter, caudate, hippocampus and the ventricles consistently showed non-linear age functions. Healthy aging appears associated with more widespread and consistent age-related neuroanatomical volume differences than previously believed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0197-4580 Record 5 of 79 Title:Normal aging and imaging correlations Author(s): Schuster, L Schuster, L (Schuster, L.); Essig, M (Essig, M.); Schroder, J (Schroeder, J.) Source: RADIOLOGE Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Pages: 266-272 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-010-2093-7 Published: APR 2011 Abstract: Age-related structural, functional and biochemical changes of the brain can be visualized by neuroimaging methods. Physiological aging of the brain has to be clearly distinguished from pathological alterations of the brain for reliable and early diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases. Concerning the speed of the cerebral aging process, significant inter-individual differences can be observed. In general, aging is associated with a decline of cognitive functions. Simultaneously, a decay of the average brain volume, especially in the frontal lobe accompanies the process of aging. Correspondingly, a strong susceptibility for age-related degeneration has been observed in the fronto-striato-thalamic network. Due to increasing age the white matter is affected by a progressive loss of fiber integrity mirrored in a significant decay of the fractionated anisotropy (FA) measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Age-related degeneration of the white matter further leads to a growing number of T2 hyperintense white-matter lesions. Aging also influences the cerebral perfusion pattern leading to a perceptible decay of the global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood volume (CBV). During life, iron accumulates in the brain, predominantly in the globus pallidus and in the substantia nigra. By 1H-MR spectroscopy, a decrease of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) as a correlate for reduced neuronal metabolism is found in the brain of elderly individuals. ISSN: 0033-832X Record 6 of 79 Title: Regional heterogeneity in limbic maturational changes: Evidence from integrating cortical thickness, volumetric and diffusion tensor imaging measures Author(s): Grieve, SM (Grieve, Stuart M.); Korgaonkar, MS (Korgaonkar, Mayuresh S.); Clark, CR (Clark, C. Richard); Williams, LM (Williams, Leanne M.) Source: NEUROIMAGE Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Pages: 868-879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.087 Published: APR 1 2011 Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of structural brain development have suggested that the limbic system is relatively preserved in comparison to other brain regions with healthy aging. The goal of this study was to systematically investigate age-related changes of the limbic system using measures of cortical thickness, volumetric and diffusion characteristics. We also investigated if the "relative preservation" concept is consistent across the individual sub-regions of the limbic system. T1 weighted structural MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging data from 476 healthy participants from the Brain Resource International Database was used for this study. Age-related changes in grey matter (GM)/white matter (WM) volume, cortical thickness, diffusional characteristics for the pericortical WM and for the fiber tracts associated with the limbic regions were quantified. A regional variability in the aging patterns across the limbic system was present. Four important patterns of age-related changes were highlighted for the limbic sub-regions: 1. early maturation of GM with late loss in the hippocampus and amygdala; 2. an extreme pattern of GM preservation in the entorhinal cortex; 3. a flat pattern of reduced GM loss in the anterior cingulate and the parahippocampus and; 4. accelerated GM loss in the isthmus and posterior cingulate. The GM volumetric data and cortical thickness measures proved to be internally consistent, while the diffusional measures provided complementary data that seem consistent with the GM trends identified. This heterogeneity can be hypothesized to be associated with age-related changes of cognitive function specialized for that region and direct connections to the other brain regions sub-serving these functions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1053-8119 Record 7 of 79 Title: Age-related gray matter volume changes in the brain during non-elderly adulthood Author(s): Terribilli, D (Terribilli, Debora); Schaufelberger, MS (Schaufelberger, Maristela S.); Duran, FLS (Duran, Fabio L. S.); Zanetti, MV (Zanetti, Marcus V.); Curiati, PK (Curiati, Pedro K.); Menezes, PR (Menezes, Paulo R.); Scazufca, M (Scazufca, Marcia); Amaro, E (Amaro, Edson, Jr.); Leite, CC (Leite, Claudia C.); Busatto, GF (Busatto, Geraldo F.) Source: NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Volume: 32 Issue: 2 Pages: 354-368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.02.008 Published: FEB 2011 Abstract: Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies described consistent age-related gray matter (GM) reductions in the fronto-parietal neocortex, insula and cerebellum in elderly subjects, but not as frequently in limbic/paralimbic structures. However, it is unclear whether such features are already present during earlier stages of adulthood, and if age-related GM changes may follow non-linear patterns at such age range. This voxel-based morphometry study investigated the relationship between GM volumes and age specifically during non-elderly life (18-50 years) in 89 healthy individuals (48 males and 41 females). Voxelwise analyses showed significant (p < 0.05, corrected) negative correlations in the right prefrontal cortex and left cerebellum, and positive correlations (indicating lack of GM loss) in the medial temporal region, cingulate gyrus, insula and temporal neocortex. Analyses using ROI masks showed that age-related dorsolateral prefrontal volume decrements followed non-linear patterns, and were less prominent in females compared to males at this age range. These findings further support for the notion of a heterogeneous and asynchronous pattern of age-related brain morphometric changes, with region-specific non-linear features. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0197-4580 Record 8 of 79 Title: Age-Related Changes of Elements and Relationships Among Elements in Human Hippocampus, Dentate Gyrus, and Fornix Author(s): Tohno, Y (Tohno, Yoshiyuki); Tohno, S (Tohno, Setsuko); Ongkana, N (Ongkana, Nutcharin); Suwannahoy, P (Suwannahoy, Patipath); Azuma, C (Azuma, Cho); Minami, T (Minami, Takeshi); Mahakkanukrauh, P (Mahakkanukrauh, Pasuk) Source: BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH Volume: 138 Issue: 1-3 Pages: 42-52 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8605-5 Published: WIN 2010 Abstract: To elucidate compositional changes of the limbic system with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and fomix and the relationships among elements by direct chemical analysis. After ordinary dissections at NaraMedicalUniversity were finished, the hippocampi, dentate gyri, and fomices were resected from identical cerebra of the subjects which consisted of 23 men and 23 women, ranging in age from 70 to 101 years. After ashing with nitric acid and perchloric acid, element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The average contents of P, Zn, and Na were significantly less in both the hippocampi and dentate gyri compared with the fomices. It was found that the Ca and Mg contents increased significantly in the hippocampus with aging; the P content increased significantly in the dentate gyrus with aging, whereas the Na content decreased in the dentate gyrus with aging; and the Mg content increased significantly in the fornix with aging. Regarding the relationships among elements, a significant direct correlation between Ca and Fe contents and an extremely significant inverse correlation between P and Zn contents were found in both the hippocampi and dentate gyri. In addition, a significant direct correlation between P and Mg contents was found in both the hippocampi and fornices. Pearson's correlation was used to examine whether there were elements with significant correlation among the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, fomix, and mammillary body. Significant correlations were found in five elements of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Fe except for S and Na among the hippocampus, dentate gyms, and mammillary body with one exception. Regarding the fomix, significant correlations were found in two elements of P and Fe between the fornix and hippocampus, dentate gyms, or mammillary body. ISSN: 0163-4984 Record 9 of 79 Title: Age-Related Changes in the Integration of Gaze Direction and Facial Expressions of Emotion Author(s): Slessor, G (Slessor, Gillian); Phillips, LH (Phillips, Louise H.); Bull, R (Bull, Rebecca) Source: EMOTION Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 555-562 DOI: 10.1037/a0019152 Published: AUG 2010 Abstract: Gaze direction influences younger adults' perception of emotional expressions, with direct gaze enhancing the perception of anger and joy, while averted gaze enhances the perception of fear. Age-related declines in emotion recognition and eye-gaze processing have been reported, indicating that there may be age-related changes in the ability to integrate these facial cues. As there is evidence of a positivity bias with age, age-related difficulties integrating these cues may be greatest for negative emotions. The present research investigated age differences in the extent to which gaze direction influenced explicit perception (e.g., anger, fear and joy; Study 1) and social judgments (e.g., of approachability; Study 2) of emotion faces. Gaze direction did not influence the perception of fear in either age group. In both studies, age differences were found in the extent to which gaze direction influenced judgments of angry and joyful faces, with older adults showing less integration of gaze and emotion cues than younger adults. Age differences were greatest when interpreting angry expressions. Implications of these findings for older adults' social functioning are discussed. ISSN: 1528-3542 Record 10 of 79 Title: Volumetry of the human amygdala - An anatomical study Author(s): Brabec, J (Brabec, Jiri); Rulseh, A (Rulseh, Aaron); Hoyt, B (Hoyt, Brian); Vizek, M (Vizek, Martin); Horinek, D (Horinek, Daniel); Hort, J (Hort, Jakub); Petrovicky, P (Petrovicky, Pavel) Source: PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING Volume: 182 Issue: 1 Pages: 67-72 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.11.005 Published: APR 30 2010 Abstract: A striking feature of the studies that have addressed the measurement of the amygdala is the wide range of volumes encountered, with reports of volumes ranging from 1 to almost 4 cm(3). Another striking feature is the number of discrepancies in the landmarks adopted for manual tracing in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The goal of our study was to assess the anatomical volume of the amygdala on the basis of its cytoarchitecture while comparing the differences in age and sex. This study was performed on 21 normal male brains (mean age of 56.8 years) and 9 normal female brains (mean age of 61.2 years). The volume of the amygdala was measured by planimetry of Nissl-stained serial sections using ImageJ software. To address the complexity of the amygdala, we elected to use two types of amygdalar measurement that differ mainly in the definition of anterior pole boundaries. The average size of the classic amygdala was 1.24 cm(3) (S.D. = 0.14), while the average size of the amygdala with wider borders was 1.63 cm(3) (S.D. = 0.2). No interhemispheric or intersexual differences were observed for either type of amygdalar measurement. Neither sex revealed any statistically important relationship between volume of the amygdala and age. Our study was concerned exclusively with the anatomical volume of the amygdala rather than the MM volume. Nevertheless, our results may have important implications for MM studies because as of yet there is no gold standard for manual volumetry of the amygdala. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0925-4927 Record 11 of 79 Title: Emotional target cues eliminate age differences in prospective memory Author(s): Altgassen, M (Altgassen, Mareike); Phillips, LH (Phillips, Louise H.); Henry, JD (Henry, Julie D.); Rendell, PG (Rendell, Peter G.); Kliegel, M (Kliegel, Matthias) Source: QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Volume: 63 Issue: 6 Pages: 1057-1064 Article Number: DOI: 10.1080/17470211003770920 Published: 2010 Abstract: Cue saliency is known to influence prospective memory performance, whereby perceptually or conceptually distinct cues facilitate remembering and attenuate adult age-related deficits. The present study investigated whether similar benefits for older adults are also seen for emotional valence. A total of 41 older and 41 younger adults performed a prospective memory task in which the emotional valence of the prospective memory cues was manipulated. Emotionally valenced cues increased prospective memory performance across both groups. Age deficits were only observed when neutral (but not positive or negative) prospective cues were presented. Findings are consistent with predictions that salient cues facilitate participants' prospective memory performance and reduce age-related differences, while extending the concept of saliency to include emotional valence. ISSN: 1747-0218 Record 12 of 79 Title: Social and Emotional Aging Author(s): Charles, ST (Charles, Susan T.); Carstensen, LL (Carstensen, Laura L.) Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY Volume: 61 Pages: 383-409 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100448 Published: 2010 Abstract: The past several decades have witnessed unidimensional decline models of aging give way to life-span developmental models that consider how specific processes and strategies facilitate adaptive aging. In part, this shift was provoked by the stark contrast between findings that clearly demonstrate decreased biological, physiological, and cognitive capacity and those suggesting that people are generally satisfied in old age and experience relatively high levels of emotional well-being. In recent years, this supposed "paradox" of aging has been reconciled through careful theoretical analysis and empirical investigation. Viewing aging as adaptation sheds light on resilience, well-being, and emotional distress across adulthood. ISSN: 0066-4308 Record 13 of 79 Title: Aging and the Perception of Emotion: Processing Vocal Expressions Alone and With Faces Author(s): Ryan, M (Ryan, Melissa); Murray, J (Murray, Janice); Ruffman, T (Ruffman, Ted) Source: EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH Volume: 36 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-22 Article Number: DOI: 10.1080/03610730903418372 Published: 2010 Abstract: This study investigated whether the difficulties older adults experience when recognizing specific emotions from facial expressions also occur with vocal expressions of emotion presented in isolation or in combination with facial expressions. When matching vocal expressions of six emotions to emotion labels, older adults showed worse performance on sadness and anger. When matching vocal expressions to facial expressions, older adults showed worse performance on sadness, anger, happiness, and fear. Older adults' poorer performance when matching faces to voices was independent of declines in fluid ability. Results are interpreted with reference to the neuropsychology of emotion recognition and the aging brain. ISSN: 0361-073X Record 14 of 79 Title: Hormone therapy does not modify emotion-induced brain activity in older women Author(s): Pruis, TA (Pruis, T. A.); Roalf, DR (Roalf, D. R.); Janowsky, JS (Janowsky, J. S.) Source: HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR Volume: 56 Issue: 5 Pages: 539-547 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.09.008 Published: NOV 2009 Abstract: Sex hormones have actions in brain regions important for emotion, including the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Previous studies have shown that cyclic sex hormones and hormone therapy after menopause modify responses to emotional events. Thus, this study examined whether hormone therapy modified emotion-induced brain activity in older women. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), behavioral ratings (valence and arousal), and recognition memory were used to assess responses to emotionally laden scenes in older women currently using hormone therapy (HT) and women not currently using hormone therapy (NONE). We hypothesized that hormones would affect the amount or persistence of emotion-induced brain activity in the amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPK). However. hormone therapy did not affect brain activity with the exception that NONE women showed a modest increase over time in amygdala activity to positive scenes. Hormone therapy did not affect behavioral ratings or memory for emotional scenes. The results were similar when women were regrouped based on whether they had ever used hormone therapy versus had never used hormone therapy. These results suggest that hormone therapy does not modify emotion-induced brain activity, or its persistence, in older women. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0018-506X Record 15 of 79 Title: Age differences in perception and awareness of emotion Author(s):Neiss, MB (Neiss, Michelle B.); Leigland, LA (Leigland, Lindsey A.); Carlson, NE (Carlson, Nichole E.); Janowsky, JS (Janowsky, Jeri S.) Source: NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Volume: 30 Issue: 8 Pages: 1305-1313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.11.007 Published: AUG 2009 Abstract: We investigated the effects of age and gender on emotional perception and physiology using electrodermal skin conductance response (SCR) and examined whether SCR is related to subjective perceptions of emotional pictures. Older adults found pictures to be more positive and arousing than younger participants. Older women rated pictures more extremely at both ends of the valence continuum: they rated positive pictures more positively and negative pictures more negatively. Elders were less likely to show measurable SCRs. However, magnitude of SCRs when a response occurred did not differ between young and old. Subjective ratings of emotion correlated with physiological responses in younger participants, but they were unrelated in older participants. Thus, in older adults the perception of emotional events was disconnected from the physiological state induced by emotion. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0197-4580 |
年薪門事件
起因
2010年7月7日，在成都舉行的“海外高層次人才天府行”簽約儀式上，南充市中心醫院和美國“海歸”博士母其文成功簽約。去年8月25日，母其文在接受當地《南充日報》記者採訪時說，他放棄45萬美元年薪來到南充，是為了把美國的經顱磁刺激技術(TMS)項目用於南充醫療臨床研究。
南充“海歸”博士母其文接受相關記者獨家採訪時說：
“不是年薪，是濃濃的親情，是祖國的巨變吸引我回來”
“不想陷於無聊的口舌之爭，我得把更多的精力用於工作，我還有很多事情要做，否則就違背了回國的初衷”
“如果有政府機構向我核實，可以出示聘用信以證實我的年薪”
打擊
2011年2月16日下午，方舟子在微博公布母其文“年薪45萬美元”的聘書照片，“MarkS.George博士已證實，該聘書是母博士偽造的，為了回國招搖。George自己年薪也就11萬美元。”
“有留美經歷的人都知道，在美國大學拿45萬美元年薪屬於天方夜譚。”方舟子稱，對母其文的質疑是有根據的，聘請母其文的美國南卡羅納州醫科大學是一所州立大學，教學員工屬於政府雇員，根據法律規定，工資必須在政府網站公開。他查詢後發現，年薪超過5萬美元的雇員名單中並沒有母其文的名字。
2011年02月19日下午，華西都市報記者電話聯繫到方舟子，方舟子說：“現在一些‘海歸’利用很多人不懂國外的實際情況，誇大自己在國外的收入，以此作為炫耀的資本。”
反擊
母其文：確有美國教授出價45萬年薪聘我，我有教授親筆簽字的邀請信，信上註明工作職位及45萬年薪。
在美國南卡羅納州醫科大學官網上，可以查到母其文，是精神醫學與行為科學部的高級研究員、首席科學家、放射學家和博導。在放射科，他是一名兼職助理教授。
事件升級
之後，有網民將這篇報導提供給了“打假鬥士”方舟子。2011年2月初，網民“Fred”在“新語絲”網站發文，直指母其文得益於“千人人才計畫”，雖然師從腦刺激功能成像先驅喬治博士(MarkS.George)，但並非該中心首席科學家，非教授或副教授，也非博士指導老師，“年薪也沒有45萬，5萬差不多。”
回應
母其文接受華西都市報記者採訪時說：“回到祖國後，確有美國教授出價45萬年薪聘我，但我放棄了。我有教授親筆簽字的邀請信，信上註明了我的工作職位及‘45萬年薪’。”
反駁
“醫生執業都要有上崗證，打假為啥沒得咧？”母其文表示，此次“年薪”風波給他帶來很大的影響，“各項各業都需要‘打假’，但需要準確的‘打假’，胡打，亂打，造成的影響和傷害又該誰來負責呢？有關部門是不是該出台相關法規，規範‘打假’的民間行為！”
“不是年薪，是濃濃的親情，是祖國的巨變吸引我回來。”昨日上午，身處“年薪門”輿論漩渦中的美國“海歸”博士、南充市中心醫院院長助理、影像科主任母其文，接受華西都市報記者面對面的獨家採訪，稱不想陷於無聊的口舌之爭，只想踏踏實實做事，為更多的病人服務。
只為互動經顱磁刺激磁共振成像在中國開展
海歸母其文成功簽約南充市中心醫院後，曾向媒體稱“放棄45萬美元年薪回南充，是為了把美國的經顱磁刺激技術(TMS)項目用於南充醫療臨床研究”。他的這番話，遭到了網友和“打假鬥士”方舟子的質疑。
記者來到南充市中心醫院了解情況時，恰逢母其文出差。醫院出示了母其文簽約時的身份證明，包括一張護照複印件和3份從南卡羅納州醫科大學官網上下載的工作職位及相關個人信息。
面對質疑，母其文在網上貼出腦刺激功能成像先驅喬治博士給他的信，並稱：“確實不想給他人看，但是不得已。”
方舟子則表示，“母博士的上司Mark S. George博士已證實，該聘用信是母博士偽造的，為了回國招搖。”
母其文表示他不在乎別人怎么說。作為一位科學工作者，他相信事實。他說，如果有政府機構向他核實，他將可以出示聘用信原件並希望通過政府機構出面以科學程式來澄清它不是“偽造”的。目前母其文要做的不為別的，只為經顱磁刺激磁共振成像技術項目在中國開展，為更多的病人服務。
南充市中心醫院黨委副書記王安果介紹，醫院當初和母其文簽約時，看重的是他的技術和未來對醫院的幫助，不管母其文在美國有多少年薪、房產，醫院不會對此做任何評價及參考。
“母其文1988年分配到醫院工作，工作了8年，然後考取北京醫科大學博士，後來又到法國美國深造。醫院對他個人本身就很了解，回來後，他的技術也確實給醫院提供了不少幫助，我覺得網友和媒體應該關注他是否對醫院和病患提供了切實的幫助，而不是在美國年薪有多少。”南充市中心醫院人事科科長鍾立明說。
2011年6月，母其文等在南充成功開展互動式經顱磁刺激磁共振功能成像技術項目，在國內率先用互動式經顱磁刺激磁共振功能成像技術檢測到首例人腦經顱磁刺激過程中腦功能活動的改變。
關於海歸
“我是地地道道的南充人”
“我是地地道道的南充人，父母都在蓬安老家。”儘管海外闖蕩11年，母其文仍說一口四川話。
1988年從重慶醫科大學醫學系畢業，分配到南充地區醫院(今南充市中心醫院)放射科，8年後，母其文考入北京醫科大學(後為北京大學醫學部)影像醫學博士研究生。1999年，獲得博士學位。2000年8月，母其文到法國波爾多大學，做放射學博士後研究。
2002年2月，母其文到美國威斯康星醫學院，師從斯坦博士，進行功能性磁共振成像研究，後到美國南卡羅納州醫科大學，師從喬治博士，從事腦功能刺激成像研究。
去年7月7日，在成都舉行的“海外高層次人才天府行”簽約儀式上，南充市中心醫院和母其文成功簽約。
“我的妻子和兒子都在美國，我咋可能在美國混不走了呢？”針對網上的說法，母其文覺得很好笑。
2007年，南充市中心醫院70周年院慶，母其文作為傑出代表，應邀請參加，那是母其文出國後第一次回國，只呆了一周多時間，“給我最大的感覺是祖國變化太大了，國內許多大城市發展相當不錯，人民生活水平也有了很大提高。”母其文回憶他出國時，北京大街上最多的還是腳踏車，小車少，高檔小車幾乎沒有，“那時有個BB機就洋盤得很！”
回到美國後，母其文向妻子說起想回國發展。母其文說，那時讀大學基本上沒用家裡一分錢，全是祖國培養了我，我學有所成後，該回來為祖國服務。”
堅定母其文回國是去年春節的一次講學，他受邀為醫院放射科醫生講課，醫院放射科一台磁共振掃瞄器觸動了母其文。“和我在美國南卡羅納州醫科大學的機器完全一樣，可惜由於技術原因，很多功能都沒有開發套用！”像波譜、功能成像等技術根本就沒開發，而這些技術對病情診斷很管用，“太浪費了！”
母其文介紹，有一次，母親胃痛，到南充市中心醫院就診，院長李光明親自安排醫生診治，同時打電話到美國，叫母其文安心工作，不要擔心母親的身體。
“我的父母年事已高，都在南充。南充市中心醫院我工作了8年，在這兒口碑也很好，我覺得回到這裡不會有太複雜的人際關係，可以安安心心搞科研，為病人服務。”獨自回國的母其文現在住在父母家裡，“他們年紀太大，我也好盡一份孝心！”
年薪與身份
2010年8月25日，母其文在接受當地記者採訪時說，他放棄45萬美元年薪來到南充，是為了把美國的經顱磁刺激技術(TMS)項目用於南充醫療臨床研究。
今年春節後，網上卻突然對母其文“年薪45萬美元”一說提出質疑，甚至對其在美國的身份也表示異議。
方舟子發博質疑
伴隨網友的質疑，方舟子在微博上將此事升級，他發微博強調母其文“放棄45萬美元年薪”一說有假，“有留美經歷的人都知道，在美國大學拿45萬美元年薪屬於天方夜譚。”方舟子稱，對母其文的質疑是有根據的，聘請母其文的美國南卡羅納州醫科大學是一所州立大學，教學員工屬於政府雇員，根據法律規定，工資必須在政府網站公開。他查詢後發現，年薪超過5萬美元的雇員名單中並沒有母其文的名字。
華西都市報記者電話聯繫到方舟子，“現在一些‘海歸’利用很多人不懂國外的實際情況，誇大自己在國外的收入，以此作為炫耀的資本。”
我有年薪聘用信
母其文表示，年薪和收入屬於個人隱私，別人怎么說，他不在意。當初接受記者採訪時，沒有意識到這是個人隱私問題，就隨口說出來了，但說得是有依據。“回到祖國後，確有美國教授出價45萬年薪聘我，但我放棄了。我有教授親筆簽字的邀請信，信上註明了我的工作職位及‘45萬年薪’。現在有人質疑，這是我的個人隱私，我也沒必要把這些隱私問題向公眾和民間組織公布出來。否則，就陷於無聊的口舌之爭，我得把更多的精力用於工作，我還有很多事情要做，否則就違背了回國的初衷。如果有政府機構向我核實，可以出示以證實我的年薪。”
到底是什麼身份？
母其文回國前，到底是什麼身份？昨日上午，華西都市報記者進入美國南卡羅納州醫科大學官方網站，通過“工作人員”查詢，依然可以查到母其文，他在學校兩個部門工作，在精神醫學與行為科學部的職位是高級研究員、首席科學家、放射學家和博導。在放射科是一名兼職助理教授。“學校官方網站不可能有假嘛，居然也有人懷疑我的身份！我覺得挺有意思。”
院方表態
醫院考察5個月才聘用
去年2月，母其文就回到南充市中心醫院工作，職務是院長助理、影像科主任。
雖然他曾在該院工作多年，又有海外工作經歷，為慎重起見，醫院還是對他進行了為期5個月的考察。
在此期間，母其文帶領他的團隊進行了多項CT、磁共振成像新技術開發。李光明介紹，母其文是一名務實的科學家，天天在科室里呆到晚上12點。“他不僅帶來先進的CT、磁共振成像新技術，而且他帶動了醫院務實的科研作風。”
美國年薪不作任何參考
“來南充市中心醫院，我只說了自己的經歷和科研成果，根本就沒說到在美國的年薪。”母其文說，自己不可能故意放大自己在美國的年薪，在國內獲取更多的利益。
南充市中心醫院黨委副書記王安果介紹，醫院像母其文這樣的實行年薪的專家共有7名，有從德國回來的，有從美國回來的，但中國有自己的國情，“我們不知道他在美國的年薪，那不是我們的參考依據。”據介紹，醫院和母其文簽訂了為期5年的契約，“我們有考核目標，完成任務才會拿到全額的年薪，就是拿完，也遠遠低於他在美國的收入。”
醫院關心的是他的能力
母其文一邊看CT片，一邊說，前段時間的熱議，已經嚴重影響到他的工作。院長李光明安慰他，“有人關注你，說明你有影響，那就讓別人去關注吧，做自己該做的事吧！”
李光明說：“醫院關心的是母其文的背景，科研水平，工作能力以及對病人的態度，他在美國的年薪對我們沒得任何參考意義！”
“母其文是從我們醫院出去的，我們相信其人格魅力和從醫水平。”李光明介紹，從母其文回到醫院後，CT、磁共振技術已有很大突破，為許多疑難雜症的診斷提供了影像學依據。
