概述
熏蚜沒，又名敵敵畏。學名O,O-二甲基-O-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)磷酸酯，有機磷殺蟲劑的一種，分子式C4H7Cl2O4P。一種有機磷殺蟲劑，工業產品均為無色至淺棕色液體，純品沸點74℃（在133.322Pa下）揮發性大，室溫下在水中溶解度1%，煤油中溶解度2%～3%，能溶於有機溶劑，易水解，遇鹼分解更快。毒性大，急性毒性LD50值：對大白鼠經口為56～80mg/kg，經皮為75～210mg/kg。基本信息
藥品名稱
中文名稱：敵敵畏。英文名稱：O，O-dimethyl-O-2，2-dichlorovinylphosphate。
曾用名：敵敵畏、噴勃、盧克、鐵衛、捆殺、勝途、耋發、飛歌、趕走、紅旺、金令、麥治、棉鑽、正擊、猛賽、砸蚜、勝屠、摧蟲、誅掉、排除、查除、勢除、煙除、煙打、豪攻、鮮蔬、潔可、可青、雷隆、令斬、勤打、違震、棚康、棚慶、殲蚜特、萬事利、百撲滅、全樂走、奧卡虱、邁英德、妙撲勁、好傢夥、碰碰佳、津九九、真可怕、速罷蚜、棚蟲克、棚蟲淨、棚蟲畏、熏蟲靈、熏蚜沒、掃蟲瑞坦、煙燻蟲滅、熏蚜一號。
別名：O，O-二甲基-O-2，2-二氯乙烯磷酸酯。
詳細參數
CASNo.：62-73-7。EINECS號：200-547-7
InChI：InChI=1/C4H7Cl2O4P/c1-8-11（7，9-2）10-3-4（5）6/h3H，1-2H3
分子式：C4H7Cl2O4P
分子量：220.98。
危險標記：14（有毒品），34（易燃液體）。
包裝方法
塑膠袋或二層牛皮紙袋外全開口或中開口鋼桶；兩層塑膠袋或一層塑膠袋外麻袋、塑膠編織袋、乳膠布袋；塑膠袋外複合塑膠編織袋（聚丙烯三合一袋、聚乙烯三合一袋、聚丙烯二合一袋、聚乙烯二合一袋）；塑膠袋或二層牛皮紙袋外普通木箱；螺紋口玻璃瓶、塑膠瓶、複合塑膠瓶或鋁瓶外普通木箱；塑膠瓶、兩層塑膠袋或兩層牛皮紙袋（內或外套以塑膠袋）外瓦楞紙箱。理化性質
主要成分：含量：80.0%，50.0%乳油；20%塑膠緩釋劑。外觀與性狀：純品是無色有芳香氣味的液體，有揮發性。
熔點（℃）：-60℃
沸點（℃）：74（133.3Pa，1mmHg）。
相對密度（水=1）：1.415（25℃）。
相對蒸氣密度（空氣=1）：
蒸氣壓（kPa）：
燃燒熱（kJ/mol）：
穩定性和反應活性：對熱穩定，但能水解。
危險特性：遇明火、高熱可燃。受熱分解，放出氧化磷和氯化物的毒性氣體。
溶解性：室溫下水中的溶解度約為10g/L，在煤油中溶解2%～3%，能與大多數有機溶劑和氣溶膠推進劑混溶。
安全術語
S1/2Keep locked up and out of the reach of children.上鎖保存，並避免兒童觸及。
S28After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds.
不慎與皮膚接觸後，立即用大量肥皂水沖洗。
S36/37Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
穿戴適當的防護服和手套。
S45In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
若發生事故或感不適，立即就醫(可能的話，出示其標籤)。
S61Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
避免釋放至環境中。參考特別說明/安全數據說明書。
簡介
毒性：屬中等毒類。急性毒性：LD5050～92mg/kg（小鼠經口）；50～110mg/kg（大鼠經口）
亞急性和慢性毒性：兔經口劑量在0.2mg（kg.天）以上時，經24周，引起慢性中毒，超過1mg（kg.天），動物肝雲彩發生嚴重病變，ChE持續下降。
致突變性：微生物致突變性：鼠傷寒沙門氏菌330μg/皿。
DNA抑制：人類淋巴細胞100μL。
精子形態學改變：小鼠腹腔35mg/kg，5天。
生殖毒性：大鼠經口最低中毒劑量（TDL0）：39200μg/kg（孕14～21天），致新生鼠生化和代謝改變。
致癌性：大鼠經口最低中毒劑量（TDL0）：4120mg/kg，2年（連續），致癌，肺腫瘤、胃腸腫瘤。小鼠經皮最低中毒劑量（TDL0）：20600mg/kg，2年（連續），致癌，胃腸腫瘤。
該品也容易通過皮膚滲透吸收，通過皮膚滲透吸收的LD50為75～107mg/kg。
對人的無作用安全劑量為每日每公斤0.033mg。
特殊毒性：基因突變，小鼠淋巴細胞陰性。
代謝和降解：在環境中，敵敵畏的飽和水溶液在室溫下，以每天約3%的速度水解，生成二甲基碗酸和二氯乙醛，在鹼性條件下水解更快。
殘留與蓄積：敵敵畏在環境中相當易分解，在30℃時，18天敵敵畏水解50%。
遷移轉化：由於敵敵畏蒸氣壓較高，很易進入大氣。敵敵畏遷移轉化主要是通過大氣和水為介質。
危險特性：遇明火，高熱可燃。受熱分解，放出氧化磷和氯化物的毒性氣體。
燃燒（分解）產物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氯化氫、氧化磷。
物質毒性
編號 | 毒性類型 | 測試方法 | 測試對象 | 使用劑量 | 毒性作用 |
1 | 急性 | 口服 | Rodent - rat | 17 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
2 | 急性 | Inhalation | Rodent - rat | 15 mg/m3/4H | 1.眼毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation 2.行為毒性Behavi口服- tremor 3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands |
3 | 急性 | Administration onto the skin | Rodent - rat | 750 ug/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
4 | 急性 | Intraperitoneal | Rodent - rat | 15 mg/kg | 1.大腦毒性Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes 2.血液毒性Blood - other changes 3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
5 | 急性 | Subcutaneous | Rodent - rat | 10800 ug/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
6 | 急性 | Unreported | Rodent - rat | 57 mg/kg | 1.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
7 | 急性 | 口服 | Rodent - mouse | 61 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
8 | 急性 | Inhalation | Rodent - mouse | 13 mg/m3/4H | 1.眼毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation 2.行為毒性Behavi口服- tremor 3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands |
9 | 急性 | Administration onto the skin | Rodent - mouse | 206 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
10 | 急性 | Intraperitoneal | Rodent - mouse | 22 mg/kg | 1.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
11 | 急性 | Subcutaneous | Rodent - mouse | 24 mg/kg | 1.行為毒性Behavi口服- convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 2.眼毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified 3.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea |
12 | 急性 | Intravenous | Rodent - mouse | 18 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
13 | 急性 | Unreported | Rodent - mouse | 75 mg/kg | 1.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
14 | 急性 | 口服 | Mammal - dog | 100 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
15 | 急性 | Intravenous | Mammal - dog | 2200 ug/kg | 1.行為毒性Behavi口服- somnolence (general depressed activity) 2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea 3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting |
16 | 急性 | 口服 | Rodent - rabbit | 10 mg/kg | 1.自主神經毒性Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic 2.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
17 | 急性 | Administration onto the skin | Rodent - rabbit | 107 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
18 | 急性 | Unreported | Rodent - rabbit | 23 mg/kg | 1.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
19 | 急性 | 口服 | Mammal - pig | 157 mg/kg | 1.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting 2.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
20 | 急性 | Intraperitoneal | Rodent - hamster | 30 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
21 | 急性 | 口服 | Bird - pigeon | 23700 ug/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
22 | 急性 | 口服 | Bird - chicken | 6450 ug/kg | 1.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
23 | 急性 | 口服 | Bird - quail | 22010 ug/kg | 1.行為毒性Behavi口服- tremor 2.行為毒性Behavi口服- convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea |
24 | 急性 | 口服 | Bird - duck | 7800 ug/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
25 | 急性 | Unreported | Mammal - species unspecified | 125 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
26 | 急性 | 口服 | Bird - wild bird species | 12 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
27 | MutipleDose | 口服 | Rodent - rat | 360 mg/kg/90D-I | 1.肝毒性Liver - other changes 2.血液毒性Blood - other changes 3.生化毒性Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport |
28 | MutipleDose | 口服 | Rodent - rat | 56 mg/kg/14D-I | 1.肝毒性Liver - other changes 2.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes 3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other hydrolases |
29 | MutipleDose | 口服 | Rodent - rat | 45 mg/kg/6W-I | 1.大腦毒性Brain and Coverings - changes in surface EEG 2.周圍神經毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve 3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
30 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Rodent - rat | 8200 ug/m3/45D-I | 1.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 2.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase 3.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death |
31 | MutipleDose | Administration onto the skin | Rodent - rat | 141 mg/kg/17W-I | 1.大腦毒性Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes 2.肝毒性Liver - other changes 3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
32 | MutipleDose | Subcutaneous | Rodent - rat | 28 mg/kg/28D-I | 1.肝毒性Liver - other changes 2.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
33 | MutipleDose | Subcutaneous | Rodent - rat | 21600 ug/kg/17W-I | 1.肝毒性Liver - other changes 2.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including 急性renal failure, 急性tubular necrosis) 3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain |
34 | MutipleDose | 口服 | Rodent - mouse | 5200 mg/kg/13W-I | 1.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death |
35 | MutipleDose | Subcutaneous | Rodent - mouse | 100 mg/kg/10D-I | 1.大腦毒性Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes 2.行為毒性Behavi口服- somnolence (general depressed activity) 3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
36 | MutipleDose | 口服 | Mammal - dog | 56250 ug/kg/90D-C | 1.大腦毒性Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes 2.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased 3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
37 | MutipleDose | Administration onto the skin | Primate - monkey | 750 mg/kg/10D-I | 1.血液毒性Blood - other changes 2.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
38 | MutipleDose | Administration onto the skin | Primate - monkey | 400 mg/kg/4D-I | 1.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death |
39 | MutipleDose | 口服 | Bird - chicken | 2450 mg/kg/28D-C | 1.大腦毒性Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes 2.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase |
40 | MutipleDose | 口服 | Mammal - domestic | 112 mg/kg/28D-I | 1.血液毒性Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 2.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase 3.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases |
41 | Mutation | Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium | 333 ug/plate | ||
42 | Mutation | Bacteria - Escherichia coli | 5 pph | ||
43 | Mutation | Bacteria - Escherichia coli | 3820 nmol/L | ||
44 | Mutation | Bacteria - Escherichia coli | 60 nmol/plate | ||
45 | Mutation | Bacteria - Escherichia coli | 1 gm/L | ||
46 | Mutation | Bacteria - Escherichia coli | 70 umol/L | ||
47 | Mutation | Bacteria - Bacillus subtilis | 10 pph | ||
48 | Mutation | Bacteria - Serratia marcescens | 25 mg/L | ||
49 | Mutation | Bacteria - Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1000 ppm | ||
50 | Mutation | Microorganism - not otherwise specified | 5600 ug/plate | ||
51 | Mutation | Microorganism - not otherwise specified | 1000 ppm | ||
52 | Mutation | Microorganism - not otherwise specified | 80 mmol/L | ||
53 | Mutation | Microorganism - not otherwise specified | 10 umol/plate | ||
54 | Mutation | 口服 | Insect - Drosophila melanogaster | 750 ppb | |
55 | Mutation | Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 19 mmol/L/6H | ||
56 | Mutation | Mold - Aspergillus nidulans | 14 mg/plate | ||
57 | Mutation | Mold - Aspergillus nidulans | 28 mg/plate | ||
58 | Mutation | Mold - Aspergillus nidulans | 800 mg/L | ||
59 | Mutation | Yeast - Schizosaccharomyces pombe | 5 mmol/L | ||
60 | Mutation | Yeast - Schizosaccharomyces pombe | 5 mmol/L | ||
61 | Mutation | Fish - salmon Sperm | 14 mmol/L | ||
62 | Mutation | Multiple routes | Fish - not otherwise specified | 10 ppb | |
63 | Mutation | Human Lymphocyte | 62 mg/L | ||
64 | Mutation | Human HeLa cell | 970 umol/L | ||
65 | Mutation | Human Cells - not otherwise specified | 65 mmol/L | ||
66 | Mutation | Human Lymphocyte | 62 mg/L | ||
67 | Mutation | Human Lymphocyte | 1 mg/L | ||
68 | Mutation | Rodent - rat Cells - not otherwise specified | 40 mg/L | ||
69 | Mutation | Rodent - rat Cells - not otherwise specified | 80 mg/L | ||
70 | Mutation | Rodent - rat Cells - not otherwise specified | 10 mg/L | ||
71 | Mutation | Intraperitoneal | Rodent - mouse | 420 ug/kg | |
72 | Mutation | Inhalation | Rodent - mouse | 8 mg/kg | |
73 | Mutation | Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte | 12500 mg/L | ||
74 | Mutation | Rodent - mouse Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 4 mg/L | ||
75 | Mutation | Intraperitoneal | Rodent - mouse | 35 mg/kg/5D | |
76 | Mutation | Rodent - hamster Embryo | 110 umol/L | ||
77 | Mutation | Rodent - hamster Lung | 2000 ppm/60M | ||
78 | Mutation | Intraperitoneal | Rodent - hamster | 3 mg/kg | |
79 | Mutation | Rodent - hamster Lung | 100 mg/L | ||
80 | Mutation | Rodent - hamster Ovary | 160 mg/L | ||
81 | Mutation | Rodent - hamster Ovary | 30 umol/L | ||
82 | Mutation | Rodent - hamster Lung | 100 umol/L | ||
83 | Mutation | Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte | 100 uL | ||
84 | Tumorigenic | 口服 | Rodent - rat | 4120 mg/kg/2Y-C | 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria 2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors 3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - tumors |
85 | Tumorigenic | 口服 | Rodent - rat | 2060 mg/kg/2Y-C | 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria 2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - tumors 3.血液毒性Blood - leukemia |
86 | Tumorigenic | 口服 | Rodent - mouse | 20600 mg/kg/2Y-C | 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria 2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - tumors |
87 | Reproductive | 口服 | Rodent - rat | 39200 ug/kg,female 14-21 day(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic |
88 | Reproductive | 口服 | Rodent - rat | 220 mg/kg,multigeneration | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) 2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical 3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects |
89 | Reproductive | Intraperitoneal | Rodent - rat | 15 mg/kg,female 11 day(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall |
90 | Reproductive | Unreported | Rodent - rat | 40 mg/kg,male 2 day(s) pre-mating | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) 2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct |
91 | Reproductive | 口服 | Rodent - mouse | 180 mg/kg,male 18 day(s) pre-mating | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) |
92 | Reproductive | 口服 | Rodent - rabbit | 65 mg/kg,female 6-13 day(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) |
93 | Reproductive | 口服 | Rodent - rabbit | 60 mg/kg,female 22-31 day(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic |
94 | Reproductive | Inhalation | Rodent - rabbit | 4 mg/m3/23H,female 1-28 day(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) |
95 | Reproductive | Unreported | Rodent - rabbit | 60 mg/kg,female 22-31 day(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic |
96 | Reproductive | 口服 | Mammal - pig | 255 mg/kg,female 41-70 day(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System 2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) 3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system |
97 | Reproductive | 口服 | Mammal - pig | 759 mg/kg,female 1-15 week(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic |
98 | Reproductive | Unreported | Rodent - guinea pig | 90 mg/kg,female 42-44 day(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System |
