非延續性動詞

非延續性動詞也可稱為終止性動詞、瞬間動詞、點動詞,表示的動作不能延續,即動作發生後立即結束。

基本信息

非延續性動詞

這類動詞也可稱為終止性動詞、瞬間動詞點動詞,表示的動作不能延續,即動作發生後立即結束。
這類動詞有:
arrive/reach 到達 buy 買 close 關
post 郵寄 fall 落下 die 死
leave 離開 go 去 break 打破
lose 丟失 give 給 join 加入
receive 接收 borrow 借 move搬
hear 聽到 hear from 收到來信
become 成為 begin/start 開始
finish 結束 marry 娶、嫁
come 來 happen 發生

非延續性動詞的用法特徵

1.非延續性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用於現在完成時。如:
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2.非延續性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他已經死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為非延續性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那么,應如何正確表達呢?可以採用下面的四種方法:
(1)將句中非延續性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→been away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since..."表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。
(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since..."表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。
3.非延續性動詞可用於現在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續的狀態,因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.非延續性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till ..."的句型,意為"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這裡。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。
5.非延續性動詞可以用於when引導的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用於while引導的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為非延續性動詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續性動詞短語)
6.非延續性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限於肯定式)。如:
誤:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?

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