石高全

石高全

石高全 ,1963年9月出生,理學博士學位,清華大學教授、博士生導師,教育部長江特聘教授。 2006年12月受聘於南通大學客座教授。

基本信息

人物經歷

1981-1985,南京大學化學系,理學學士

石高全 石高全

1985-1988,南京大學化學系,理學碩士

1988-1990,南京大學化學系,南京大學化學系博士生

1990-1992,日本國東京農工業大學工學部留學(做博士論文)

1992回國,南京大學化學系,理學博士

1992-1993,南京大學化學系講師

1993-1995,南京大學化學系副教授

1995-2000,南京大學化學系教授

2000-至今,清華大學化學系教授

2018年3月1日22時35分因病醫治無效在北京不幸逝世,享年55歲。

人物成就

石教授自1992年以來一直從事導電高分子材料/納米結構以及單片石墨的研究,近年來在石墨烯的化學合成與功能化等方面從事了系列研究工作,特別是在石墨烯增強高分子複合材料,石墨烯修飾電極以及共軛分子修飾石墨烯等方面取得了進展。至今發表SCI論文240餘篇。一些論文發表在Science, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Chem. Soc. Rev.,等國際一流刊物上。論文被他人引用7700餘次 。獲得過清華大學“清華之友優秀教師”獎。2002年獲得國家自然科學基金傑出青年基金資助。2004年獲得中國化學會-巴斯夫“青年知識創新獎”。2004年獲得國家自然科學基金二等獎(第二獲獎人)。2005年獲得國務院政府特殊津貼。每年招收博士生1-2名,碩士生1-2名。每年接受2-3名博士後從事石墨烯的可控制備與套用研究。

本實驗室長期以來一直從事導電高分子材料和納米碳材料的研究。研製了一系列高強度導電高分子材料,特別是電化學合成了強度超過金屬鋁的聚噻吩膜和力學性能優異的聚苯膜材料。探索了製備各種導電高分子膜材料以及導電高分子/導電纖維複合材料的新方法。利用固體模板和無模板方法製備了高度取向的導電高分子微米/納米管和導電高分子微容器。對微型容器進行線形組裝,並研究了其在生物感測器方面的套用。研製了驅動力強、回響速度快、壽命長的基於導電高分子的驅動器件,並開發了其在抓取生物細胞、微米/納米粒子方面的套用。研究了基於導電高分子的各種乾性粘附材料用於顯示各種材料與物件的乾性縫合,平面顯示屏以及各種電子元件的懸掛與固定。近年來在石墨烯的化學合成與功能化等方面從事了系列研究工作, 特別是在石墨烯增強高分子複合材料,石墨烯修飾電極以及共軛分子修飾石墨烯等方面取得了進展。至今發表SCI論文240餘篇。一些論文發表在Science,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,Chem. Soc. Rev.,等國際一流刊物上。論文被他人引用7700餘次。獲得過清華大學“清華之友優秀教師”獎。2002年獲得國家自然科學基金傑出青年基金資助。2004年獲得中國化學會-巴斯夫“青年知識創新獎”。2004年獲得國家自然科學基金二等獎(第二獲獎人)。2005年獲得國務院政府特殊津貼。每年招收博士生1-2名,碩士生1-2名。

研究方向

石墨烯的合成,功能化與套用研究

導電高分子微/納米結構及其器件的研究

學術成果

發表研究論著:

2013

1. Huang, L., Li, C., Yuan, W.J. and Shi, G.Q., Strong composite films with layered structures prepared by casting silk fibroin-graphene oxide hydrogels. Nanoscale, 2013, 5(9): 3780-3786.

2. Meng, Y.N., Zhao, Y., Hu, C.G., Cheng, H.H., Hu, Y., Zhang, Z.P., Shi, G.Q. and Qu, L.T., All-graphene core-sheath microfibers for all-solid-state, stretchable fibriform supercapacitors and wearable electronic textiles. Advanced materials, 2013, 25(16): 2326-2331.

3. Sun, Y.Q., Shi, G.Q., Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications. Journal of Polymer Science Part B-Polymer Physics, 2013, 51(4): 231-253.

4. Yuan, W.J., Liu, A.R., Huang, L., Li, C. and Shi, G.Q., High-performance NO sensors based on chemically modified graphene. Advanced Materials, 2013, 25(5): 766-771.

5. Li, Y.R., Sheng, K.X., Yuan, W.J. and Shi, G.Q., A high-performance flexible fibre-shaped electrochemical capacitor based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. Chemical Communications, 2013, 49(3): 291-293.

6. Chen, J., Li, C. and Shi, G.Q., Graphene materials for electrochemical capacitors. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2013, 4(8): 1244-1253.

2012

1. Huang, C.C., Sheng, K.X., Qu, L.T. and Shi, G.Q., Dry adhesion of polythiophene nanotube arrays with drag-induced direction dependence. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012, 124(5): 4047-4053.

2. Dong, Z.L., Jiang, C.C., Cheng, H.H., Zhao, Y., Shi, G.Q., Jiang, L. and Qu, L.T., Facile fabrication of light, flexible and multifunctional graphene fibers. Advanced Materials, 2012, 24(14): 1856-1861.

3. Cheng, H.H., Zhao, Y., Fan, Y.Q., Xie, X.J., Qu, L.T. and Shi, G.Q., Graphene-quantum-dot assembled nanotubes: a new platform for efficient Raman enhancement. ACS Nano, 2012, 6(3): 2237-2244.

4. Sheng, K.X., Sun, Y.Q., Li, C., Yuan, W.J. and Shi, G.Q., Ultrahigh-rate supercapacitors based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide for ac line-filtering. Scientific Reports, 2012, 2: 247.

5. Feng, X.L., An, Y.X., Yao, Z.Y., Li, C. and Shi, G.Q., A turn-on fluorescent sensor for pyrophosphate based on the disassembly of Cu-mediated perylene diimide aggregates. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2012, 4(2): 614-618.

6. Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Cheng, H.H., Hu, Y., Shi, G.Q., Dai, L.M. and Qu, L.T., Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots with oxygen-rich functional groups. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, 134(1): 15-18.

7. Luo, P.H., Li, C. and Shi, G.Q., Synthesis of gold@carbon dots composite nanoparticles for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2012, 14(20): 7360-7366.

8. Zhang, L., Li, C., Liu, A.R. and Shi, G.Q., Electrosynthesis of graphene oxide/polypyrene composite films and their applications for sensing organic vapors. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012, 22(17): 8438-8443.

9. Wang, X.L., Bai, H., Jia, Y.Y., Zhi, L.J., Qu, L.T., Xu, Y.X., Li, C. and Shi, G.Q., Synthesis of CaCO/graphene composite crystals for ultra-strong structural materials. RSC Advances, 2012, 2(5): 2154-2160.

10. Liu, A.R., Yuan, W.J. and Shi, G.Q., Electrochemical actuator based on polypyrrole/sulfonated graphene/graphene tri-layer film. Thin Solid Films, 2012, 520(19): 6307-6312.

11. Zhao, Y., Hu, C.G., Hu, Y., Cheng, H.H., Shi, G.Q. and Qu, L.T., A versatile, ultralight, nitrogen-doped graphene framework. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2012, 51(45): 11371-11375.

12. Chen, J., Sheng, K.X., Luo, P.H., Li, C. and Shi, G.Q., Graphene hydrogels deposited in nickel foams for high-rate electrochemical capacitors. Advanced Materials, 2012, 24(33): 4569-4573.

13. Hu, C.G., Zhao,Y., Cheng, H.H., Shi, G.Q., Dai, L.M. and Qu, L.T., Temary Pd/PtFe networks supported by 3D graphene for efficient and durable electrooxidation of formic acid. Chemical Communications, 2012, 48(97): 11865-11867.

14. Huang, C.C., Li, C. and Shi, G.Q., Graphene based catalysts. Energy & Environmental Science, 2012, 5(10): 8848-8868.

15. Sun, Y.Q., Li, C. and Shi, G.Q., Nanoporous nitrogen doped carbon modified graphene as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012, 22(25): 12810-12816.

16. Li, C., Shi, G.Q., Three-dimensional graphene architectures. Nanoscale, 2012, 4(18): 5549-5563.

2011

1. Xu,Y.X. and Shi,G.Q.,Assembly of chemically modified graphene: methods and applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011. 21⑽: 3311-3323.

2. Li,Y.,Hu,Y.,Zhao,Y.,Shi,G.Q.,Deng,L.E.,Hou .,Y .B. and Qu,L.T.,An electrochemical avenue to green-luminescent graphene quantum dots as potential electron-acceptors for photovoltaics. Advanced Materials,2011. 23⑹: 776.

3. Sheng,K.X.,Xu,Y.X.,Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,High-performance self-assembled graphene hydrogels prepared by chemical reduction of graphene oxide. New Carbon Materials,2011,26⑴: 9-15.

4. Bai,H.,Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,Functional composite materials based on chemically converted graphene. Advanced Materials,2011,23⑼: 1089-1115.

5. Xie,X.J.,Bai,H.,Shi,G.Q. and Qu,L.T.,Load-tolerant,highly strain-responsive graphene sheets. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011,21⑺: 2057-2059.

6. Sun,Y.Q.,Wu,Q. and Shi,G.Q.,Graphene based new energy materials. Energy & Environmental Science,2011,4⑷: 1113-1132.

7. Huang,C.C.,Bai,H.,Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,A graphene oxide/hemoglobin composite hydrogel for enzymatic catalysis in organic solvents. Chemical Communications,2011,47⒄: 4962-4964.

8. Yao,Z.Y.,Bai,H.,Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,Colorimetric and fluorescent dual probe based on a polythiophene derivative for the detection of cysteine and homocysteine. Chemical Communications,2011,47(26): 7431-7433.

9. An,Y.X.,Bai,H.,Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,Disassembly-driven colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for anionic surfactants in water based on a conjugated polyelectrolyte/dye complex. Soft Matter,2011,7⒂: 6873-6877.

10. Zhao,Y.,Bai,H.,Hu,Y.,Li,Y.,Qu,L.T.,Zhang,S.W. and Shi G.Q.,Electrochemical deposition of polyaniline nanosheets mediated by sulfonated polyaniline functionalized graphenes. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011,21(36): 13978-13983.

11. Bai,H.,Sheng,K.X.,Zhang,P.F.,Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,Graphene oxide/conducting polymer composite hydrogels. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011,21(46): 18653-18658.

12. Sun,Y.Q.,Wu,Q.,Xu,Y.X.,Bai,H.,Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,Highly conductive and flexible mesoporous graphitic films prepared by graphitizing the composites of graphene oxide and nanodiamond. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011,21⒇: 7154-7160.

13. Xu,Y.X.,Sheng,K.X.,Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,Highly conductive chemically converted graphene prepared from mildly oxidized graphene oxide. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011,21⒇: 7376-7380.

14. Wu,Q.,Sun,Y.Q.,Bai,H. and Shi,G.Q.,High-performance supercapacitor electrodes based on graphene hydrogels modified with 2-aminoanthraquinone moieties. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2011,13(23): 11193-11198.

15. Sun,Y.Q.,Wu,Q. and Shi,G.Q.,Supercapacitors based on self-assembled graphene organogels. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2011,13(38): 17249-17254.

16. Sheng,K.X.,Bai,H.,Sun,Y.Q.,Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene/polyaniline multilayer films and their application for electrochromic devices. Polymer,2011,52(24): 5567-5572.

17. Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,Synthesis and electrochemical applications of the composites of conducting polymers and chemically converted grapheme. Electrochimica Acta,2011,56(28): 10737-10743.

18. Li,Y.G.,Bai,H.,Li,C. and Shi,G.Q.,Colorimetric assays for acetylcholinesterase activity and inhibitor screening based on the disassembly-assembly of a water-soluble polythiophene derivative. ACS Applied Materials ∬erfaces,2011,3⑷: 1306-1310.

19. Wang,X.L.,Bai,H. and Shi,G.Q.,Size fractionation of graphene oxide sheets by pH-assisted selective sedimentation. Journal of the American Chemical Society,2011,133⒃: 6338-6342.

20. Bai,H.,Li,C.,Wang,X.L. and Shi,G.Q.,On the gelation of graphene oxide. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2011,115⒀: 5545-5551.

21. Chen,J.,Zhao,L.,Bai,H. and Shi,G.Q.,Electrochemical detection of dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide by hemin immobilized on chemically converted grapheme. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,2011. 657(1-2): 34-38.

22. Zhang,L. and Shi,G.Q.,Preparation of highly conductive graphene hydrogels for fabricating supercapacitors with high rate capability. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2011,115(34): 17206-17212.

23. Luo,P. H. and Shi,G.Q.,Progress in nanostructures of graphitic carbon nitrides. Polymer Bulletin,2011,4: 82-90.

2010

1. Xu,Y.X.,Wu,Q.,Sun,Y.Q.,Bai,H.,and Shi,G.Q.,Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Graphene Oxide and DNA into Multifunctional Hydrogels. Acs Nano,2010. 4⑿: 7358-7362.

2. Liu,A.R.,Li,C.,Bai,H.,and Shi,G.Q.,Electrochemical Deposition of Polypyrrole/Sulfonated Graphene Composite Films. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2010. 114(51): 22783-22789.

3. Yao,Z.Y.,Bai,H.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Analyte-induced aggregation of conjugated polyelectrolytes: role of the charged moieties and its sensing application. Chemical Communications,2010. 46(28): 5094-5096.

4. Yao,Z.Y.,Li,Y.G.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Disassembly of conjugated polyelectrolyte aggregates and their application for colorimetric detection of surfactants in water. Chemical Communications,2010. 46(45): 8639-8641.

5. Wang,X.L.,Bai,H.,Yao,Z.Y.,Liu,A.R.,and Shi,G.Q.,Electrically conductive and mechanically strong biomimetic chitosan/reduced graphene oxide composite films. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2010. 20(41): 9032-9036.

6. Zhao,Y.,Hu,Y.,Li,Y.,Zhang,H.,Zhang,S.W.,Qu,L.T.,Shi,G.Q.,and Dai,L.M.,Super-long aligned TiO2/carbon nanotube arrays. Nanotechnology,2010. 21(50).

7. Xie,X.J.,Qu,L.T.,Zhou,C.,Li,Y.,Zhu,J.,Bai,H.,Shi,G.Q.,and Dai,L.M.,An Asymmetrically Surface-Modified Graphene Film Electrochemical Actuator. Acs Nano,2010. 4⑽: 6050-6054.

8. Li,Y.,Zhou,C.,Xie,X.J.,Shi,G.Q.,and Qu,L.T.,Spontaneous,catalyst-free formation of nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon nanocages. Carbon,2010. 48⒁: 4190-4196.

9. Bai,H.,Li,C.,Wang,X.L.,and Shi,G.Q.,A pH-sensitive graphene oxide composite hydrogel. Chemical Communications,2010. 46⒁:2376-2378.

10. Gao,Y.W.,Bai,H.,and Shi,G.Q.,Electrosynthesis of oligo(methoxyl pyrene) for turn-on fluorescence detection of volatile aromatic compounds. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2010. 20⒂:2993-2998.

11. Hong,W.J.,Bai,H.,Xu,Y.X.,Yao,Z.Y.,Gu,Z.Z.,and Shi,G.Q.,Preparation of Gold Nanoparticle/Graphene Composites with Controlled Weight Contents and Their Application in Biosensors.Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2010. 114⑷:1822-1826.

12. Xu,Y.X.,Sheng,K.X.,Li,C,Shi,G.Q. Self-Assembled Graphene Hydrogel via a One-Step Hydrothermal Process ACS Nano 2010,4⑺: 4324-4330.

13. Sheng,K.X.,Shi,G.Q.,Synthesis of discus-like Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoparticles using a bicellar templateSynthetic Metals,2010,160(11-12): 1354-1358.

14. Sun,YQ; Li,C; Xu,YX,Bai,H,Yao ZY,Shi GQ,Chemically converted graphene as substrate for immobilizing and enhancing the activity of a polymeric catalyst Chemical Communications,2010,46(26) :4740-4742.

15. Wu,Q; Xu,YX; Yao,ZY,Liu AR,Shi GQ,Supercapacitors Based on Flexible Graphene/Polyaniline Nanofiber Composite Films.ACS Nano,2010,4⑷: 1963-1970.

2009

1. Liu,A.R.,Zhao,L.,Bai,H.,Zhao,H.X.,Xing,X.H.,and Shi,G.Q.,Polypyrrole Actuator with a Bioadhesive Surface for Accumulating Bacteria from Physiological Media. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces,2009. 1⑷:951-955.

2. Chen,Y.Q.,Bai,H.,Hong,W.J.,and Shi,G.Q.,Fluorescence detection of mercury ions in aqueous media with the complex of a cationic oligopyrene derivative and oligothymine. Analyst,2009. 134⑽:2081-2086.

3. Xu,Y.X.,Hong,W.J.,Bai,H.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Strong and ductile poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide composite films with a layered structure. Carbon,2009. 47⒂:3538-3543.

4. Bai,H.,Xu,Y.X.,Zhao,L.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Non-covalent functionalization of graphene sheets by sulfonated polyaniline. Chemical Communications,2009⒀:1667-1669.

5. Yao,Z.Y.,Feng,X.L.,Hong,W.J.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,A simple approach for the discrimination of nucleotides based on a water-soluble polythiophene derivative. Chemical Communications,2009(31):4696-4698.

6. Yao,Z.Y.,Feng,X.L.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Conjugated polyelectrolyte as a colorimetric and fluorescent probe for the detection of glutathione. Chemical Communications,2009(39):5886-5888.

7. Li,C.,Bai,H.,and Shi,G.Q.,Conducting polymer nanomaterials: electrosynthesis and applications. Chemical Society Reviews,2009. 38⑻:2397-2409.

8. Feng,X.L.,Yao,Z.Y.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Self-assembly of insulated molecular wires of a water-soluble cationic PPV and anionic dendrons. Chinese Science Bulletin,2009. 54⒁:2451-2456.

9. Zhao,L.,Xu,Y.X.,Qiu,T.F.,Zhi,L.J.,and Shi,G.Q.,Polyaniline electrochromic devices with transparent graphene electrodes. Electrochimica Acta,2009. 55⑵:491-497.

10. Zhao,L.,Tong,L.,Li,C.,Gu,Z.Z.,and Shi,G.Q.,Polypyrrole actuators with inverse opal structures. Journal of Materials Chemistry,2009. 19⑾:1653-1658.

11. Tong,L.,Li,C.,Chen,F.E.,Bai,H.,Zhao,L.,and Shi,G.Q.,Flexible Sandwich Photodetectors Based on Thick Polythiophene Films. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2009. 113⒄:7411-7415.

12. Xu,Y.X.,Zhao,L.,Bai,H.,Hong,W.J.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Chemically Converted Graphene Induced Molecular Flattening of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin and Its Application for Optical Detection of Cadmium(Ⅱ) Ions. Journal of the American Chemical Society,2009. 131(37):13490-13497.

13. Chapman,G.M.,Bai,H.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Micro-nanoscale binary structured silver films fabricated by electrochemical deposition. Materials Chemistry and Physics,2009. 114⑴:120-124.

14. Bai,H.,Zhao,L.,Lu,C.H.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Composite nanofibers of conducting polymers and hydrophobic insulating polymers: Preparation and sensing applications. Polymer,2009. 50⒁:3292-3301.

15. Chen,Y.Q. and Shi,G.Q.,Fluorescence Detection and Discrimination of ss- and ds-DNA with a Water Soluble Oligopyrene Derivative. Sensors,2009. 9⑹:4164-4177.

16. Chen,Y.Q.,Bai,H.,Chen,Q.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,A water-soluble cationic oligopyrene derivative: Spectroscopic studies and sensing applications. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2009. 138⑵:563-571.

2008

1. Lu,G.W.,Hong,W.J.,Tong,L.,Bai,H.,Wei,Y.,and Shi,G.Q.,Drying Enhanced Adhesion of Polythiophene Nanotubule Arrays on Smooth Surfaces. Acs Nano,2008. 2⑾:2342-2348.

2. Bai,H.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Pyrenyl excimers induced by the crystallization of POSS moieties: Spectroscopic studies and sensing applications. Chemphyschem,2008. 9⒀:1908-1913.

3. Hong,W.J.,Xu,Y.X.,Lu,G.W.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Transparent graphene/PEDOT-PSS composite films as counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochemistry Communications,2008. 10⑽:1555-1558.

4. Bai,H.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Electrochemical Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Metal and Semiconductor Substrates. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology,2008. 22⒂:1819-1839.

5. Xu,Y.X.,Bai,H.,Lu,G.W.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Flexible graphene films via the filtration of water-soluble noncovalent functionalized graphene sheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society,2008. 130⒅:5856-+.

6. Ma,T.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.,Optically Active Supramolecular Complex Formed by Ionic Self-Assembly of Cationic Perylenediimide Derivative and Adenosine Triphosphate. Langmuir,2008. 24⑴:43-48.

7. Ma,T.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Optically active supramolecular complex formed by ionic self-assembly of cationic perylenediimide derivative and adenosine triphosphate. Langmuir,2008. 24⑴:43-48.

8. Yao,Z.Y.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Optically Active Supramolecular Complexes of Water-Soluble Achiral Polythiophenes and Folic Acid: Spectroscopic Studies and Sensing Applications. Langmuir,2008. 24(22):12829-12835.

9. Zhao,L.,Ma,T.,Bai,H.,Lu,G.W.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Layer-by-layer deposited multilayer films of oligo(pyrenebutyric acid) and a perylene diimide derivative: Structure and photovoltaic properties. Langmuir,2008. 24⑻:4380-4387.

10. Bai,H.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Rapid nitroaromatic compounds sensing based on oligopyrene. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2008. 130⑵:777-782.

11. Wang,S.B.,Li,C.,and Shi,G.Q.,Photoresponsive properties of multilayers of conductive polymer and CdSe nanoparticles. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2008. 92⑸:543-549.

12. Li,M.,Yuan,J.Y.,and Shi,G.Q.,Electrochemical fabrication of nanoporous polypyrrole thin films. Thin Solid Films,2008. 516⑿:3836-3840.

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