Product Brief
Origin And Distribution
Shandong Province Liangshan county while bred Shandong Province Liangshan county while bred . Chinese Simmental breeding sites of ecological environment due to the difference of the plains, grasslands, mountains three taxa, population size up to a million varieties Chinese Simmental breeding sites of ecological environment due to the difference of the plains, grasslands, mountains three taxa, population size up to a million varieties .
The coat color is white or yellow to red - white The coat color is white or yellow to red - white . three groups on the beef performance designed by 130. 8, 128 and 127. 5 cm; length - 165, respectively. 7 171. 6 143 and. l cm
taxon is a core group of cattle genetic basis has reached the level of genetic homogeneity taxon is a core group of cattle genetic basis has reached the level of genetic homogeneity . calf birth weight on average 41. 6 kg, the 6 - month weight 199. 4 kg, 12 months of 324 kg,434 kg at the age of 18 months, 24 months
592 kg average 4300 kg of milk yield, milk fat percentage to. 0% slaughtering experiment results, the average dressing percentage is 61. 4%, net meat ratio was 50. 0%; loin eye area 90 1.5 cm2
early and fast growth of this species, one of the main characteristics of the early and fast growth of this species, one of the main characteristics of the . therefore, will become our next beef production using a variety of important therefore, will become our next beef production using a variety of important .
Physiognomy
The bull's fur varies from yellowish - white flowers or pale red with white head, chest, abdomen, limbs and tail are mostly white broom, limb skin is pink, the head is long and width; angle of said finer and spread outward and upward curved, tip slightly upward The bull's fur varies from yellowish - white flowers or pale red with white head, chest, abdomen, limbs and tail are mostly white broom, limb skin is pink, the head is long and width; angle of said finer and spread outward and upward curved, tip slightly upward . neck growth medium; and body trunk long, cylindrical, muscle plump; lower forequarters and hind quarters develop well, and it, rump width, rear flat, stout, muscular at the thighs; the breast well developed, with adult bulls Average weight of 800 - 1200 kg and cows 650 800 kg neck growth medium; and body trunk long, cylindrical, muscle plump; lower forequarters and hind quarters develop well, and it, rump width, rear flat, stout, muscular at the thighs; the breast well developed, with adult bulls Average weight of 800 - 1200 kg and cows 650 800 kg .
Production Performance
Simmental cows apos; milk, meat performance were good, the average milk yield is 40.7 kg, milk fat rate 3. 9% in Europe thoroughbred cattle registration, 4540 kg and about 20 percent, thoroughbred cattle registration, 4540 kg and about 20 percent, .
The bull's - a higher growth rate and daily gain reached to 1. 35 - 45 kg or more, the growth speed and other large breeds of similar carcass meat with less fat is distributed in a uniform, after slaughter and fattening bulls can be up to 65 per cent of the adult cow carcass meat with less fat is distributed in a uniform, after slaughter and fattening bulls can be up to 65 per cent of the adult cow .
low dystocia rate, strong adaptability and tolerance to extensive management low dystocia rate, strong adaptability and tolerance to extensive management . anyway. This is both dairy and beef cattle characteristics typical of the variety
Simmental distribution,in North China and Northeast of the Horqin steppe, south to south - central part of Nanling Mountains and its mountains, vast grasslands to the west of Xinjiang and Qinghai - Tibet Plateau and Simmental distribution,in North China and Northeast of the Horqin steppe, south to south - central part of Nanling Mountains and its mountains, vast grasslands to the west of Xinjiang and Qinghai - Tibet Plateau and . across the natural variability of the summer mean maximum temperature in the region of 30. degree. C., to the northeast of 0. degree. C., the lowest average temperature in winter from the south to the north of 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, the highest absolute minimum temperature of a greater change of
The average annual precipitation across the country, from 200 mm to 1500 mm, with the precise altitude of 3800m reached the highest, lowest of only hundreds of meters The average annual precipitation across the country, from 200 mm to 1500 mm, with the precise altitude of 3800m reached the highest, lowest of only hundreds of meters . accordingly, soil, crops, grassland hills of vegetation types are so different,Simmental were friendly, except for Tibet Peng wave farm is 3800m or above from calves periods, each district all can GIGSA breeder accordingly, soil, crops, grassland hills of vegetation types are so different,Simmental were friendly, except for Tibet Peng wave farm is 3800m or above from calves periods, each district all can GIGSA breeder .
Meat Characteristics
Larger, faster growth, more muscle and less fat: Simmental bull's body can grow up to 150 - 160 cm, the cows 135 - 142 cm Larger, faster growth, more muscle and less fat: Simmental bull's body can grow up to 150 - 160 cm, the cows 135 - 142 cm . muscular legs, and the displacement body is formed into a cylindrical shape, and the fat little muscular legs, and the displacement body is formed into a cylindrical shape, and the fat little .
early growth speed and meat production performance is high, and the carcass lean meat in the GULAG early growth speed and meat production performance is high, and the carcass lean meat in the GULAG . or improve hybridization using local varieties of excellent male parent or improve hybridization using local varieties of excellent male parent .
having typical meat performance: different varieties of cattle, in physique is different, which makes the growth rate, meat yield and carcass composition in terms of a significant difference in the having typical meat performance: different varieties of cattle, in physique is different, which makes the growth rate, meat yield and carcass composition in terms of a significant difference in the . Simmental in ADG, 1.5 to 2 kg,12 - month - old cow was up to 500 - 550 kilograms
while local varieties of daify gain is only 0.7 kg - 1, can see the big difference high nutritive value of meat: beef with high protein content varying between 8 - 9. 5%, but after eating the digestibility is more than 90 per cent.
beef fat can provide significant energy ( beef fat can provide significant energy (. beef has a mineral content is porky 2 times above so long beef has a mineral content is porky 2 times above so long .
beef consumers beef consumers . high grade meat: Simmental beef are also significantly higher than regular beef high grade meat: Simmental beef are also significantly higher than regular beef .
is bright red in colour, texture, delicate and elastic, marbling, fat colour is white or light yellow,fat texture have a higher hardness, carcass fat is bright red in colour, texture, delicate and elastic, marbling, fat colour is white or light yellow,fat texture have a higher hardness, carcass fat . 100% surface coverage of ordinary beef, it is hard to reach this standard 100% surface coverage of ordinary beef, it is hard to reach this standard .
Hybrid Yellow Cattle
China from the early 20th century was the start of introduction of Simmental, 1981 to China for the purebred cattle, 3000 head Yu, 50 hybrids, Yu China from the early 20th century was the start of introduction of Simmental, 1981 to China for the purebred cattle, 3000 head Yu, 50 hybrids, Yu . Simmental and local cattle, are a promising effect of animal husbandry and cattle breeding base of Shandong Simmental and local cattle, are a promising effect of animal husbandry and cattle breeding base of Shandong .
experiments prove, the Simmental Cattle birth weight of 33 kilograms, the local cows only 23 kg; average daily gain, hybrid's 6 - month - old is 608 (2.09 g), 18 - month - old was 519. 9 grams, corresponding local cattle is as high as 85 343 g and 0.24 g; 6 - month - old and 18 - month weight,Hybrid C were respectively 144. 28 317 kg and 0.38 kg, while the native cattle at the respective 90. 13 kg and a 210. 75 kg of milk production and performance, from around the country and the cattle is a county of statistics, 207 days of lactation amount is a percentage of 1818 kg, West generation F2 is 2121. 5 kg, the Simmental 2.202 2230. 5 kg
Evaluation And Prospect
Simmental in the 1900s who participated in the China of Sanhe cattle Simmental in the 1900s who participated in the China of Sanhe cattle . formed the founding of the People's Republic of China, from the 1950s to plan the introduction of Simmental, through over 40 years of breeding, especially in the milk and meat production performance and in - service performance, found at larger range formed the founding of the People's Republic of China, from the 1950s to plan the introduction of Simmental, through over 40 years of breeding, especially in the milk and meat production performance and in - service performance, found at larger range .
good milking Simmental of great potential, has yet to receive a normal play, if such a broadening of purebred breeding, consolidating the dairy of which there is a huge benefit to good milking Simmental of great potential, has yet to receive a normal play, if such a broadening of purebred breeding, consolidating the dairy of which there is a huge benefit to . in northeast, northwest and the Sichuan basin fringe area and the mainland in some mountainous areas will be developed into a pure - bred breeding system in northeast, northwest and the Sichuan basin fringe area and the mainland in some mountainous areas will be developed into a pure - bred breeding system .
farming, meat), there was the breed has been in ShanxiZhejiang province has achieved remarkable results, hybrid developed in rural areas to use crop straw, the day milking 3. 15kg in conditions of insufficient forage areas, hybridisation is algebra is used in too high, the hybrid system will be a worthy question 15kg in conditions of insufficient forage areas, hybridisation is algebra is used in too high, the hybrid system will be a worthy question .
Epidemic Prevention And Health Care
Simmental of epidemic prevention and health care, the fattening of Simmental - shifting one of the characteristics of beef cattle is a beam with high fluidity, of kilometers, the highway distance today, 1 ~ 2 days will be on fattening of Simmental Simmental of epidemic prevention and health care, the fattening of Simmental - shifting one of the characteristics of beef cattle is a beam with high fluidity, of kilometers, the highway distance today, 1 ~ 2 days will be on fattening of Simmental . place - shifting technology industry broke the original peasant household management and the provincial, prefectural and county of Simmental breeding pattern place - shifting technology industry broke the original peasant household management and the provincial, prefectural and county of Simmental breeding pattern .
greatly promoted the development of beef cattle husbandry, which shall great increase of cattle breeding beef cattle breeding and feeding level shelf greatly promoted the development of beef cattle husbandry, which shall great increase of cattle breeding beef cattle breeding and feeding level shelf . of of .
flow the negative effects of infection with the virus also increases the opportunity therefore flow the negative effects of infection with the virus also increases the opportunity therefore .,and step should be and do a shelf of the health - care beef cattle ,and step should be and do a shelf of the health - care beef cattle .
can ensure that the shelf is place - fattening beef cattle of Simmental can ensure that the shelf is place - fattening beef cattle of Simmental . improve the healthy development of the economic benefit of technology is the important measures to implement the modernization of beef cattle fattening techniques, such as high - density breeding, fattening pens, free eating and drinking w aterand free drinking w ater and the like, each of the Simmental occupies a total area of fenced only 4 square meters improve the healthy development of the economic benefit of technology is the important measures to implement the modernization of beef cattle fattening techniques, such as high - density breeding, fattening pens, free eating and drinking w aterand free drinking w ater and the like, each of the Simmental occupies a total area of fenced only 4 square meters .
in such dense under the environmental conditions, how to make the Simmental less sick sick in such dense under the environmental conditions, how to make the Simmental less sick sick . .
not only make greater efforts in the health - care and fattening beef cattle, ensuring the healthy growth of beef cattle fattening not only make greater efforts in the health - care and fattening beef cattle, ensuring the healthy growth of beef cattle fattening . in most short time,obtain the maximum benefit of the beef cattle breeding cattle farmers in most short time,obtain the maximum benefit of the beef cattle breeding cattle farmers .
This is the greatest aspiration of the This is the greatest aspiration of the . beef cattle fattening with no healthy strong body and it is difficult to ensure that the cattle breeders of the longed - for beef cattle fattening with no healthy strong body and it is difficult to ensure that the cattle breeders of the longed - for .
requirements only to do a good job of beef cattle fattening of epidemic prevention and health care, to ensure higher beef cattle of Simmental Simmental benefit is beginning to develop production, on a small scale, less yield, large - scale dairy products processing enterprise sent a bawbee, that some cow - milking by simply not only for the calves drink, do so would affect the future of the Simmental Cattle Milk Performance requirements only to do a good job of beef cattle fattening of epidemic prevention and health care, to ensure higher beef cattle of Simmental Simmental benefit is beginning to develop production, on a small scale, less yield, large - scale dairy products processing enterprise sent a bawbee, that some cow - milking by simply not only for the calves drink, do so would affect the future of the Simmental Cattle Milk Performance . therefore, Simmental should come loose and actively open up local milk sales, sticking to a normal milking,Simmental maintaining normal milk production levels for the complete grass - feeding time therefore, Simmental should come loose and actively open up local milk sales, sticking to a normal milking,Simmental maintaining normal milk production levels for the complete grass - feeding time .
Simmental calf feeding too early or too late, their development and health ( Simmental calf feeding too early or too late, their development and health (. proved unfavorable, a 3 - week - old calf started feeding forage most suitable proved unfavorable, a 3 - week - old calf started feeding forage most suitable .
Simmental calf within 3 weeks of age, before the stomach (the rumen, reticulum, omasum) are small and do not have the ability to digest silage, microorganisms and protozoa also did not exist, so she had to milk enters the true stomach for absorption using the Simmental calf within 3 weeks of age, before the stomach (the rumen, reticulum, omasum) are small and do not have the ability to digest silage, microorganisms and protozoa also did not exist, so she had to milk enters the true stomach for absorption using the . now feeding forage, would reinforce the calf before adding to the burden of stomach, causing disease now feeding forage, would reinforce the calf before adding to the burden of stomach, causing disease .
If it's too late for the complete grass - feeding, lack of exercise, before the growth of stomach slow, capacity is too small,will also affect the growth and development of If it's too late for the complete grass - feeding, lack of exercise, before the growth of stomach slow, capacity is too small,will also affect the growth and development of . Simmental calf after 3 weeks of age, before the stomach rapidly increased exposure to small amounts of food and water and the microorganism of the mouth into the stomach, then the calf started to regurgitate Simmental calf after 3 weeks of age, before the stomach rapidly increased exposure to small amounts of food and water and the microorganism of the mouth into the stomach, then the calf started to regurgitate .
at which it starts to feed on the sweet grass, vegetable, dry grass, crushed the concentrate or the like, and with standard diet and increasing the feed amount and the number of coarse fodder, which can avoid the cause of the disease, which in turn can cause a stomach prior to accelerate the development, promotion of rumen microorganism and Ciliates reproduce its digestion of forage and fodder for the coagulation, the cattle after eating large quantities of roughage, grew up, the weight of four must lay a solid foundation for the at which it starts to feed on the sweet grass, vegetable, dry grass, crushed the concentrate or the like, and with standard diet and increasing the feed amount and the number of coarse fodder, which can avoid the cause of the disease, which in turn can cause a stomach prior to accelerate the development, promotion of rumen microorganism and Ciliates reproduce its digestion of forage and fodder for the coagulation, the cattle after eating large quantities of roughage, grew up, the weight of four must lay a solid foundation for the .
Cowshed Construction
Site Selection
Niu factory site selection should be carefully considered, the overall arrangement and more long - term planning and development of agriculture - must be Niu factory site selection should be carefully considered, the overall arrangement and more long - term planning and development of agriculture - must be . planning, infrastructure planning and construction of farmland and residences in the planning, and, accordingly, adapt to the needs of the modern cattle - planning, infrastructure planning and construction of farmland and residences in the planning, and, accordingly, adapt to the needs of the modern cattle - .
proposed for the site, to the Mull of Galloway proposed for the site, to the Mull of Galloway . 1, 1, .
terrain beef farm should be located on higher terrain, croproot and face south, the groundwater level is relatively low, with a gradual slope from north to south, the overall flat place terrain beef farm should be located on higher terrain, croproot and face south, the groundwater level is relatively low, with a gradual slope from north to south, the overall flat place . Never built in low - lying areas, opening of tuyere, lest the poor drainage, flood and waterlogging in winter the difficulty Never built in low - lying areas, opening of tuyere, lest the poor drainage, flood and waterlogging in winter the difficulty .
2. The soil was sandy loam soil with good .
soft soil is a good, strong permeability, the rainwater,urine would be less likely to accumulate, there is no induration after rain, which is beneficial to the cowshed and the playground of the sanitary cleaning and drying, to prevent from the disease and other diseases. 3 , , .
is sufficient to have adequate hygienic requirements of the water, to ensure the production and life and drinking water for people and livestock is sufficient to have adequate hygienic requirements of the water, to ensure the production and life and drinking water for people and livestock . water of good quality, free of poisons, to ensure the safety and health 4 water of good quality, free of poisons, to ensure the safety and health 4 .
, , . vivarium fodder rich beef cattle feed in particular for roughage requirement of the large transport vivarium fodder rich beef cattle feed in particular for roughage requirement of the large transport .
beef farm away from straw, hay and ensiling feed resources, to ensure the supply of fodder, reduce the freight cost 5 beef farm away from straw, hay and ensiling feed resources, to ensure the supply of fodder, reduce the freight cost 5 ., , .
convenient traffic and a large number of cattle and the purchase of forage and fodder,fattening cattle manure and sales volume; the large, heavy, some transportation requirements for wind and rain, therefore, beef cattle, are to be built in from the road or railway close to traffic and convenient place to 6 convenient traffic and a large number of cattle and the purchase of forage and fodder,fattening cattle manure and sales volume; the large, heavy, some transportation requirements for wind and rain, therefore, beef cattle, are to be built in from the road or railway close to traffic and convenient place to 6 ., , .
away from main thoroughfares and anti - epidemic, villages and factories in 500 meters beyond, the general road 200 metres from away from main thoroughfares and anti - epidemic, villages and factories in 500 meters beyond, the general road 200 metres from . avoiding contamination on beef farm, slaughtering, processing, and industrial and chemical industries for avoiding contamination on beef farm, slaughtering, processing, and industrial and chemical industries for .
meet veterinary hygiene and environmental sanitation, no meet veterinary hygiene and environmental sanitation, no . 7 surrounding the source of the infection, save the land 7 surrounding the source of the infection, save the land .
does not occupy or occupy fewer farmland 8 does not occupy or occupy fewer farmland 8 ., , .
endemic endemic to avoid human and livestock due to soil,Water deficiency or excess is something so elemental to cause endemic endemic to avoid human and livestock due to soil,Water deficiency or excess is something so elemental to cause . endemic on Beef Cattle and Meat, although can be prevention, but is bound to increase costs and thus should be avoided wherever possible endemic on Beef Cattle and Meat, although can be prevention, but is bound to increase costs and thus should be avoided wherever possible .
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Design Principles
the construction of the barn, which is to create cattle and proper living environment, to protect cattle health and growth of normal running the construction of the barn, which is to create cattle and proper living environment, to protect cattle health and growth of normal running . spend less fund, feed, energy and labor, meets all the requirements of animal by - products and higher economic benefits and spend less fund, feed, energy and labor, meets all the requirements of animal by - products and higher economic benefits and .
designed to satisfy the following principles to be observed for the beef cattle shed designed to satisfy the following principles to be observed for the beef cattle shed . 1, 1, .
Niu creating adequate conditions for a suitable environment for cattle and full development of the productive potential and increase the utilization rate of feed Niu creating adequate conditions for a suitable environment for cattle and full development of the productive potential and increase the utilization rate of feed . Generally, livestock productivity depends on a variety of 20%, 40% - 50% depending on the feed,20% - 30% depending on the environment is not suitable for Generally, livestock productivity depends on a variety of 20%, 40% - 50% depending on the feed,20% - 30% depending on the environment is not suitable for .
ambient temperature can cause livestock productivity by from 10 to 30% ambient temperature can cause livestock productivity by from 10 to 30% . In addition, even if the feeding of a complete feed, if you don't have the right environment, it also cannot perform to the best feed conversion of livestock products; thereby reducing the efficiency of feed utilization in In addition, even if the feeding of a complete feed, if you don't have the right environment, it also cannot perform to the best feed conversion of livestock products; thereby reducing the efficiency of feed utilization in .
can be seen, the construction of the barn, livestock must meet the requirements of various environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, ventilation, lighting, air in the carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, in order to create a favorable environment for can be seen, the construction of the barn, livestock must meet the requirements of various environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, ventilation, lighting, air in the carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, in order to create a favorable environment for . 2, shall meet the requirements of production processensure the smooth production and animal husbandry and veterinary work of the technical measures for the implementation of the beef cattle herds in the 2, shall meet the requirements of production processensure the smooth production and animal husbandry and veterinary work of the technical measures for the implementation of the beef cattle herds in the .
include and consist of the turnaround way, transporting fodder, feeding, watering and manure - cleaning and the like, and also includes measuring, weighing, the semen insemination, prevention, care and production technology measures must build cowhouse include and consist of the turnaround way, transporting fodder, feeding, watering and manure - cleaning and the like, and also includes measuring, weighing, the semen insemination, prevention, care and production technology measures must build cowhouse . and and .
otherwise this combination, which is sure to inconvenience, and even the production of the otherwise this combination, which is sure to inconvenience, and even the production of the . 3, strict anti - epidemic and prevent the epidemic spread of epidemic diseases to epidemic 3, strict anti - epidemic and prevent the epidemic spread of epidemic diseases to epidemic .
cattle farms could pose a threat, resulting in a loss cattle farms could pose a threat, resulting in a loss . barn built by specifications, in order to create a suitable environment, will prevent or reduce the occurrence of blight barn built by specifications, in order to create a suitable environment, will prevent or reduce the occurrence of blight .
Furthermore,the construction of the barn when we should pay special attention to hygiene requirements, to facilitate the implementation of veterinary epidemic prevention system should be adopted in accordance with the requirements of epidemic prevention Furthermore,the construction of the barn when we should pay special attention to hygiene requirements, to facilitate the implementation of veterinary epidemic prevention system should be adopted in accordance with the requirements of epidemic prevention . reasonable for site planning and building and the layout of the barn toward and spacing, and installation of disinfecting facilities, proper waste disposal facilities etc reasonable for site planning and building and the layout of the barn toward and spacing, and installation of disinfecting facilities, proper waste disposal facilities etc .
4, should be economically and technically feasible 4, should be economically and technically feasible . satisfying the above three requirements under the premise of barn construction also should try to reduce the cost and equipment investment, in order to reduce the production cost, expedite the turnover of satisfying the above three requirements under the premise of barn construction also should try to reduce the cost and equipment investment, in order to reduce the production cost, expedite the turnover of .
. Therefore, the construction of the barn and try to utilize the nature of an advantage (such as natural ventilation, natural lighting, etc.), and locally sourced whenever possible, the use of local construction habit,an appropriate reduction in the area of the subsidiary room barn design must be able to achieve through the construction of, otherwise, the programme for good while the construction is not technically possible, and only one other utopian design barn design must be able to achieve through the construction of, otherwise, the programme for good while the construction is not technically possible, and only one other utopian design .
Niu Field Configuration
cattle farm buildings of the configuration according to concrete conditions, and is favorable for production, epidemic prevention, safety, etc cattle farm buildings of the configuration according to concrete conditions, and is favorable for production, epidemic prevention, safety, etc . the unified planning, rational distribution the unified planning, rational distribution .
and neat, compact, high in land utilization and investment - saving, economical and and neat, compact, high in land utilization and investment - saving, economical and . 1, 1, .
cowshed in our vast re - gion, the east - west and north - south climate cowshed in our vast re - gion, the east - west and north - south climate . big differences to the northeast, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai a barn design is mainly in the south of the Yangtze River is the main form of heatstroke big differences to the northeast, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai a barn design is mainly in the south of the Yangtze River is the main form of heatstroke .
cowshed according to horse - breeding and rearing way cowshed according to horse - breeding and rearing way . cowshed in construction shall be convenient for management, facilitating daylighting, heatstroke prevention in summer, winter, and facilitate the construction of the cowshed buildings cowshed in construction shall be convenient for management, facilitating daylighting, heatstroke prevention in summer, winter, and facilitate the construction of the cowshed buildings .
epidemic prevention shall be taken when the long axes of the parallel configuration,When the cowshed exceeds 4, the row 2 may be arranged in parallel, aligned forward and backward, is located at a distance of 10 meters above the sea level 2 epidemic prevention shall be taken when the long axes of the parallel configuration,When the cowshed exceeds 4, the row 2 may be arranged in parallel, aligned forward and backward, is located at a distance of 10 meters above the sea level 2 ., , .
library in the construction of a feed position in the range of from each cowshed in position are relatively modest, but a slightly higher position, i.e. a dry and ventilated, be good for the finished materials to transport 3 barn, hay barn and grass library barn, hay barn and grass library .
as possible are arranged on the lower sections of the wind direction, and around the premises stay at least 50 metres long, constructed separately, both to prevent the scattered grasses affect the cowshed and the aesthetics of the environment, but also to meet fire safety as possible are arranged on the lower sections of the wind direction, and around the premises stay at least 50 metres long, constructed separately, both to prevent the scattered grasses affect the cowshed and the aesthetics of the environment, but also to meet fire safety . 4, silo or silage pool 4, silo or silage pool .
build option with its multiple feed build option with its multiple feed . library. With its optimal location, high elevation, and prevent the excrement and urine sewage ingress of contamination and the like,(d) To provide a stratum has a transport when convenient, reduce the labor intensity of
5, veterinary facility, the cattle disease bovine 5, veterinary facility, the cattle disease bovine . shall set in the field, but also relatively remote corner of that facilitates isolation, reduce air and water pollution travels shall set in the field, but also relatively remote corner of that facilitates isolation, reduce air and water pollution travels .
6, office workers and live cattle shed located on higher ground on the outside of the limelight, to prevent air and water pollution and epidemic and 6, office workers and live cattle shed located on higher ground on the outside of the limelight, to prevent air and water pollution and epidemic and . cattle door shall be equipped with guards and the sterilization chamber and sterilizing cattle door shall be equipped with guards and the sterilization chamber and sterilizing .
Farm Afforestation
Field to have unified planning, tree planting, flowers, grass and trees are indispensable to the modernization of farms around Project Field to have unified planning, tree planting, flowers, grass and trees are indispensable to the modernization of farms around Project . (a) the site planning of the forest, in the presence of the boundary on the edge of the arbor and shrub mixed forest, and thorn shrubs that are planted (a) the site planning of the forest, in the presence of the boundary on the edge of the arbor and shrub mixed forest, and thorn shrubs that are planted .
basketry of Populus, Salix matsudana, Lombardy poplar, and conifer evergreen elm etc; shrub of dryland willow, amorpha fruticosa, Platycladus orientalis and the like; thorn wattle and optional Chen thorn, thorn, etc., play shielding sand resistance and other safety action (2) of the median, the site provided mainly so as to partition the field of indices, such as production, residential areas and zones or areas, the wall of the room set isolation belt, generally available, poplar, elm, etc.Its sides are shrubs, to provide at the
(3) of road greening to adopt tower cypress, holly, the evergreen trees, landscaping, and configure the leaflet privet or boxwood into greenbelt (3) of road greening to adopt tower cypress, holly, the evergreen trees, landscaping, and configure the leaflet privet or boxwood into greenbelt . sheepcot shade (4) of a place in the stadium's south, east, and west side, should be equipped with 2 rows and sunshade Lin sheepcot shade (4) of a place in the stadium's south, east, and west side, should be equipped with 2 rows and sunshade Lin .
general may choose to open branches, and strong growth, after rare winter deciduous branches of trees such as poplar, locust, platanus acerifolia like general may choose to open branches, and strong growth, after rare winter deciduous branches of trees such as poplar, locust, platanus acerifolia like . In summary, it should do a selection of flowers and trees, they carefully, strengthen management, to ensure survival In summary, it should do a selection of flowers and trees, they carefully, strengthen management, to ensure survival .
through greening, improve local cattle field environmental conditions and microclimate, purify air,but also plays the role of through greening, improve local cattle field environmental conditions and microclimate, purify air,but also plays the role of .
Benefit Analysis
a: the calt were sexot calf, per day per cow in need of silage maize stem 5 - 8 pounds, may be a small amount of lees with some weed or some other desired fine a: the calt were sexot calf, per day per cow in need of silage maize stem 5 - 8 pounds, may be a small amount of lees with some weed or some other desired fine . 3 - 5, comprising 60% corn flour, wheat bran 30% soybean meal or cottonseed meal, rapeseed) optionally as 10% 3 - 5, comprising 60% corn flour, wheat bran 30% soybean meal or cottonseed meal, rapeseed) optionally as 10% .
30 needs a pound of salt a day, every two weeks in cowshed and sterilize regularly preventing immune 30 needs a pound of salt a day, every two weeks in cowshed and sterilize regularly preventing immune . cattle into the ring after the first day of the week interval, first and second secondary interval of four days, twice with insecticide - treated net to clear cattle into the ring after the first day of the week interval, first and second secondary interval of four days, twice with insecticide - treated net to clear .
fattening: per cow per day for 8 - 12 - Jin, the fine material 5 - 8 kg,post - earing topdressing grass every day for 12 - 15, the fine material - losing 10 - 8, the amount of grass plus 30% fattening: per cow per day for 8 - 12 - Jin, the fine material 5 - 8 kg,post - earing topdressing grass every day for 12 - 15, the fine material - losing 10 - 8, the amount of grass plus 30% . 2: a weight of 300 kg of Improved Beef Cattle bull calves, the need to invest in the 1900 - 2100 RMB Yuan each month with an average of from about 300 kilograms of grass, which is equivalent to a cash - and - down 2: a weight of 300 kg of Improved Beef Cattle bull calves, the need to invest in the 1900 - 2100 RMB Yuan each month with an average of from about 300 kilograms of grass, which is equivalent to a cash - and - down .
30 yuan monthly fine material 240 kg, folded up and down as 30 yuan monthly fine material 240 kg, folded up and down as . 150 yuan cash cow has a disease with salt, calculated by 30 yuan per month 150 yuan cash cow has a disease with salt, calculated by 30 yuan per month .
200 breeding cattle breeders for 2 people,Preparatory and forage management 200 breeding cattle breeders for 2 people,Preparatory and forage management . 2 people per capita monthly salary of 600 yuan, raising half a total salary and $14,000 per cow 2 people per capita monthly salary of 600 yuan, raising half a total salary and $14,000 per cow .
$ $. wage costs 80 yuan but as average monthly growth of 120 kilograms of rice can be grown so half a jin 720, and plus the bought 300 pounds for a total of 1000 pounds or more can be reached wage costs 80 yuan but as average monthly growth of 120 kilograms of rice can be grown so half a jin 720, and plus the bought 300 pounds for a total of 1000 pounds or more can be reached .
may be calculated as per cow feeding cost of following (a): each head of cattle was the investment of around RMB 1300 Yuan (II): transport, quarantine and other costs are expected to be around 100 yuan (III):Raising and management salary range and 100 yuan (4): grass and fine material out of a total of around 1100 yuan (5): for disease prevention and control of salt 200 RMB Yuan may be calculated as per cow feeding cost of following (a): each head of cattle was the investment of around RMB 1300 Yuan (II): transport, quarantine and other costs are expected to be around 100 yuan (III):Raising and management salary range and 100 yuan (4): grass and fine material out of a total of around 1100 yuan (5): for disease prevention and control of salt 200 RMB Yuan.
Breeding Bull
(a) To ensure the bull breeding bulls were robust in physique during sex and, and semen quality, the period of use, one must have the right of the feeding and management method of rearing bull (a) To ensure the bull breeding bulls were robust in physique during sex and, and semen quality, the period of use, one must have the right of the feeding and management method of rearing bull . species breeding on the Bulls to the nutritional needs of adult bull species breeding on the Bulls to the nutritional needs of adult bull .
feed amount per 100 kilograms of body weight per day for 2 kg of feed and fodder and 1 kg of concentrate, two times for feed amount per 100 kilograms of body weight per day for 2 kg of feed and fodder and 1 kg of concentrate, two times for . feeding time is 5: 6: 00 am, 4 pm, the winter can advance 1 hour feeding time is 5: 6: 00 am, 4 pm, the winter can advance 1 hour .
when fed to be cut, the more frequently, from coarse to precise " when fed to be cut, the more frequently, from coarse to precise ". wherein the concentrate are as follows: corn, soybean meal, bran and 26%,fish meal 5% calcium phosphate, and 1. 5%, salt 1. 5%, 0. 5%
roughage is mainly dry alfalfa and Leymus chinensis mixing roughage is mainly dry alfalfa and Leymus chinensis mixing . which is present in an amount of 20% dry alfalfa, accounted for 80 percent of the microbes in the Leymus chinensis which is present in an amount of 20% dry alfalfa, accounted for 80 percent of the microbes in the Leymus chinensis .
but in practice the best full use of local resources, to reduce feed costs in addition to the but in practice the best full use of local resources, to reduce feed costs in addition to the . negativelycorrelated with concentrate and roughage, in order to improve the semen quality, the best sources of vitamin such as negativelycorrelated with concentrate and roughage, in order to improve the semen quality, the best sources of vitamin such as .
feeding fresh carrot, can be per 100 kilograms of body weight, daily fed 0. 5 kg if no carrots, can also be added vitamins,per ton of the concentrate added to 200 grams if no carrots, can also be added vitamins,per ton of the concentrate added to 200 grams .
calculated during the breeding period, if the bulls are too fat, it will result in the collected semen or mated difficult calculated during the breeding period, if the bulls are too fat, it will result in the collected semen or mated difficult . so every 2 - 3 months are checked once, in order to adjust the feed ratio of so every 2 - 3 months are checked once, in order to adjust the feed ratio of .
When bulls were obese, the concentrate can be reduced by about 15 percent, while in the group of roughage, and increase the amount of movement of the bull When bulls were obese, the concentrate can be reduced by about 15 percent, while in the group of roughage, and increase the amount of movement of the bull . Bulls management Bulls management.
Bull Used
Simmental utilization period was 6 - 8 years of Simmental utilization period was 6 - 8 years of . only correct use of the bull, the bull for the purpose of prolonging the using life and only correct use of the bull, the bull for the purpose of prolonging the using life and .
When Bulls 16 - to 18 - month - long, reaching a weight of 560 kg of the above, it becomes possible to start up breeding or semen collection, heifers twice a week, to 2 years old again and transferred for normal insemination or sperm collection, 2 to 3 times a week When Bulls 16 - to 18 - month - long, reaching a weight of 560 kg of the above, it becomes possible to start up breeding or semen collection, heifers twice a week, to 2 years old again and transferred for normal insemination or sperm collection, 2 to 3 times a week . 8 million / ml density in the above may be appropriately withdrawn back 8 million / ml density in the above may be appropriately withdrawn back .
3 3.
Cattle Experience
Livestock Breeding Seed
Breeding Technique
tethered and traction, to prevent a violent and ruthless character, shall be 1 year old to the young about the bull with nose ring, nose ring toward the bulldog in the upper portion of the tether, such that the bull does not feel inconvenience when foraging tethered and traction, to prevent a violent and ruthless character, shall be 1 year old to the young about the bull with nose ring, nose ring toward the bulldog in the upper portion of the tether, such that the bull does not feel inconvenience when foraging . Bulls should adhere to the double rope traction, i.e. two in the left and right sides of the traction of the bovine, human and bovine should be kept at a distance of potent breeding bull shall be both the traction hook bar
in the rearing of bull, that theirs is an important work, appropriate move so as to ensure that the Bulls move of lively, docile, lustful, semen quality, which in turn may prevent hoof deformation and cattle carcass, fattening bulls in the rearing of bull, that theirs is an important work, appropriate move so as to ensure that the Bulls move of lively, docile, lustful, semen quality, which in turn may prevent hoof deformation and cattle carcass, fattening bulls . must insist on, is moved completely once in the afternoon,Every time the motion and it is necessary to ensure that 1 hour must insist on, is moved completely once in the afternoon,Every time the motion and it is necessary to ensure that 1 hour .
. skin care should always be brushing the ox horns, the frontal portion and a neck portion of the dust, dirt, and prevent damage to the habit of rubbing its habit of brushing daily skin care should always be brushing the ox horns, the frontal portion and a neck portion of the dust, dirt, and prevent damage to the habit of rubbing its habit of brushing daily .
cattle cattle . respond not only to maintain skin health, but also to enhance the affinity for human and animal, it is beneficial to the rearing of bull respond not only to maintain skin health, but also to enhance the affinity for human and animal, it is beneficial to the rearing of bull .
often because hoof disease while not breeding, resulting in a loss often because hoof disease while not breeding, resulting in a loss . therefore, you should check the presence or absence of an abnormality of the shoe toe, always pay attention to cleaning the dirt adhered to the lower of the hoof, hoof disease discovery and timely treatment of the spring and autumn every year each motion once shoeing and corrective shoes therefore, you should check the presence or absence of an abnormality of the shoe toe, always pay attention to cleaning the dirt adhered to the lower of the hoof, hoof disease discovery and timely treatment of the spring and autumn every year each motion once shoeing and corrective shoes .
Common Diseases
CBPP (aka Cattle Hemorrhagic Septicemia)
symptoms: in clinical One symptoms: in clinical One . (1) acute septicemic: sudden high body temperature to 40.d egree. C. or more, rapid pulse, loss of appetite to rough quilt hair, dry nose, breathing difficulties, rumination ceases, sometimes also flow tears and nasal discharge, diarrhea, feces, possibly mixed with fibrin, and even blood, sometimes in the urine may also be with blood, typically within 24 hours of death: pneumonia
(2): Gets sick initially manifests as a weakness, conjunctival hyperemia, rapid heartbeat, fever, dyspnoea, pleural pneumonia symptoms, nasal blood - red, dry cough, chest showed dullness on percussion with auscultation was gong sound (2): Gets sick initially manifests as a weakness, conjunctival hyperemia, rapid heartbeat, fever, dyspnoea, pleural pneumonia symptoms, nasal blood - red, dry cough, chest showed dullness on percussion with auscultation was gong sound . (3) edema type:cattle in the chest and head and neck were swollen, the person that weigh can be spread to the abdomen, the tongue and throat swelling, eye swelling, lacrimation, salivation, dyspnea, cyanosis, diarrhea due to suffocation or exhaustion from (3) edema type:cattle in the chest and head and neck were swollen, the person that weigh can be spread to the abdomen, the tongue and throat swelling, eye swelling, lacrimation, salivation, dyspnea, cyanosis, diarrhea due to suffocation or exhaustion from .
prevention: strengthen management, improve the living conditions of cattle, Alskade hans, avoid excessive fatigue prevention: strengthen management, improve the living conditions of cattle, Alskade hans, avoid excessive fatigue . causative Niu Niu to epidemic - stricken area annually injection of Cattle Hemorrhagic Septicemia aluminum hydroxide vaccine 1 2 times, 3 consecutive 5 - year, non - epidemic areas of bovine from abroad shall be subject to an isolation ward 1 3 months, diagnosed disease free before entering the cluster, and the mortality rate of lesion was unacceptable and should be burned causative Niu Niu to epidemic - stricken area annually injection of Cattle Hemorrhagic Septicemia aluminum hydroxide vaccine 1 2 times, 3 consecutive 5 - year, non - epidemic areas of bovine from abroad shall be subject to an isolation ward 1 3 months, diagnosed disease free before entering the cluster, and the mortality rate of lesion was unacceptable and should be burned .
treatment: treatment should be identified timely isolate, Daniel with penicillin 100 300 million units,Mavericks halved, intramuscular injections, or indirectly by means of a 10% solution of sodium sulfathiazole per head 100 150 ml intramuscularly, twice a day for treatment: treatment should be identified timely isolate, Daniel with penicillin 100 300 million units,Mavericks halved, intramuscular injections, or indirectly by means of a 10% solution of sodium sulfathiazole per head 100 150 ml intramuscularly, twice a day for . treatment by Chinese herbs goldthread root, baikal skullcap root, anemarrhena rhizome, white atractylodes rhizome, white peony root, magnolia bark, root and 40 g of white siegesbeckiae, schisandra fruit, fritillary, colla Corii Asini, rhizoma alismatis, poria cocos 25 grams, 13 grams of cannabis is cited, which are ground and boiled water, 1 dose daily, and afterward 3 doses treatment by Chinese herbs goldthread root, baikal skullcap root, anemarrhena rhizome, white atractylodes rhizome, white peony root, magnolia bark, root and 40 g of white siegesbeckiae, schisandra fruit, fritillary, colla Corii Asini, rhizoma alismatis, poria cocos 25 grams, 13 grams of cannabis is cited, which are ground and boiled water, 1 dose daily, and afterward 3 doses .
beef farm, as a rule, living area, area, production area and treatment of cattle with isolation region beef farm, as a rule, living area, area, production area and treatment of cattle with isolation region . four regions of whether rational planning, building layout and that whether the bovine is directly related to the field of labor production efficiency,field microclimate condition and veterinary epidemic levels, affecting the economic benefits to the four regions of whether rational planning, building layout and that whether the bovine is directly related to the field of labor production efficiency,field microclimate condition and veterinary epidemic levels, affecting the economic benefits to the .
1. The production area includes the production area and auxiliary production area mainly includes production cowshed, playground, grounds, etc., which is the core of the field, the site shall be provided on the low potential to a lower position, to control the over - the - counter personnel and vehicles, to make it completely enter directly into production areas, to ensure the safest and quietest
each cowshed to be maintained between the appropriate distance, a neat layout, so that the epidemic prevention and fireproof each cowshed to be maintained between the appropriate distance, a neat layout, so that the epidemic prevention and fireproof . but also to the appropriate concentration, save water and power pipes, grass feed is abundance of feces and shorten the transport distance, facilitating scientific but also to the appropriate concentration, save water and power pipes, grass feed is abundance of feces and shorten the transport distance, facilitating scientific .
production auxiliary area including feed library,the processing - workshop of feedstuff, silo, machinery and vehicles warehouse, the insemination of semen collection chamber, the liquid nitrogen production workshop, warehouse, etc production auxiliary area including feed library,the processing - workshop of feedstuff, silo, machinery and vehicles warehouse, the insemination of semen collection chamber, the liquid nitrogen production workshop, warehouse, etc . fodder hay barn, hay barn, shop and silage pool, so as to be closer to some cowshed, some moderate position, convenient vehicle for the conveyance of fodder, reduce the labor intensity but fodder hay barn, hay barn, shop and silage pool, so as to be closer to some cowshed, some moderate position, convenient vehicle for the conveyance of fodder, reduce the labor intensity but .
must prevent cowshed and seeped into the stadium due to contamination of hay must prevent cowshed and seeped into the stadium due to contamination of hay . in general, therefore, should be located on high ground above in general, therefore, should be located on high ground above .
Simmental Cattle Yard Planning
the production area and auxiliary production area must use the fence or fences and isolation of the the production area and auxiliary production area must use the fence or fences and isolation of the . gate lodge was established as a doorman, disinfection room, dressing room and a vehicle pool, not permitting the people other than production personnel to enter and exit the field, access to personnel and vehicles must be subject to disinfection or the sterilization chamber into the disinfection pool for gate lodge was established as a doorman, disinfection room, dressing room and a vehicle pool, not permitting the people other than production personnel to enter and exit the field, access to personnel and vehicles must be subject to disinfection or the sterilization chamber into the disinfection pool for .
2. The management region includes offices, financial offices, reception room, archive room, activity room, laboratory, etc precinct and strictly separated from production areas to ensure over 50 meters distance precinct and strictly separated from production areas to ensure over 50 meters distance .
3. Living and workers living quarters should be in the bull court the limelight and has a relatively high level, and with sanitation standard in 100 meters long,to ensure good environmental hygiene of living area 4. cattle disease treatment in isolation region (including veterinary clinics in the sick cow, etomoxir) to isolate this area being disposed under the limelight, the low - lying places on the area and distance should be above 100 meters
cattle in the region should be easy to isolate, separate channels, is convenient to disinfect, the waste treatment can thus facilitate cattle in the region should be easy to isolate, separate channels, is convenient to disinfect, the waste treatment can thus facilitate .
