Ding Qiusheng

Ding Qiusheng

Ding Qiusheng (1913 - 1995), Yang family of Hsiang - hsiang hsien, Hunan people.CPC biao, a long - tested loyal communist fighter, proletarian revolutionary, the PLA military commanders and political leaders, a senior officer in the People's Liberation Army.September 1955 was awarded the rank of lieutenant general.Bayi won the Grade II Medal, Medal of Freedom's independent, at the level of that badge of liberation.1988, the military wing of the Army level Hongxing feats.

Life Profile

Ding Qiusheng, Xiangxiang, Hunan Province, who in 1930 joined the Chinese Workers and Peasants Ding Qiusheng, Xiangxiang, Hunan Province, who in 1930 joined the Chinese Workers and Peasants . .
joined the Communist Youth League of China in 1931, 1932 and transferred to the Communist Party joined the Communist Youth League of China in 1931, 1932 and transferred to the Communist Party . the Agrarian Revolutionary War, he served as the fourth Division even political instructor, Red Legion Nine forty - ball in the fourteenth division political commissar, political commissar of the Military Commission of the 1st Battalion, 73rd Regiment political commissar Shi - Gan 1215, the teachings of Legion battalion commissar the Agrarian Revolutionary War, he served as the fourth Division even political instructor, Red Legion Nine forty - ball in the fourteenth division political commissar, political commissar of the Military Commission of the 1st Battalion, 73rd Regiment political commissar Shi - Gan 1215, the teachings of Legion battalion commissar .
. participated in the Long March during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Ren -Memorializing Department Organization Department Director - General, the Chief, the captain and political cadres for the Corps's mentor.Party Branch of the Department of Political Affairs Section of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and Simple commissar, Shandong Column of Eighth Route Army's First Brigade, the Director of the Department of Political Affairs, the Director of the Department of Political Affairs
Lunan Military Region During the War of Liberation, the eighth military region political commissar Shi Lunan, the East China Field Army column political commissar, political commissar of the Third Field Army, under the XXII Corps military control commission director of the Ningbo Lunan Military Region During the War of Liberation, the eighth military region political commissar Shi Lunan, the East China Field Army column political commissar, political commissar of the Third Field Army, under the XXII Corps military control commission director of the Ningbo . After the founding of the prc, the seventh corps and the Director of the Department of Zhejiang Military Region, Zhejiang military region deputy political commissar of the cadre department of East China Military Area Command, the Navy's Beihai Fleet commissar,Nanjing Advanced Infantry School commissar After the founding of the prc, the seventh corps and the Director of the Department of Zhejiang Military Region, Zhejiang military region deputy political commissar of the cadre department of East China Military Area Command, the Navy's Beihai Fleet commissar,Nanjing Advanced Infantry School commissar .
. 1955 was awarded the rank of lieutenant general of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference's fourth, and sixth national committee of the Communist Party of the Russian communist representatives 1955 was awarded the rank of lieutenant general of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference's fourth, and sixth national committee of the Communist Party of the Russian communist representatives .
Ding Qiusheng

A Chronology

Ding Qiusheng, 1913 on Nov. 9, was born in Xiangxiang, Hunan lotus Wang Xiang Xie Bao September 1930 Village .
Red Army of China attend the 1931 10 1932 she joined the Communist Youth League of China Red Army of China attend the 1931 10 1932 she joined the Communist Youth League of China . .
10 April and the Communist Party of China (CPC) in May in either the first red army regiment 3 4 10 regiment political instructor Shi Lian in 1933 into lectutes 10 April and the Communist Party of China (CPC) in May in either the first red army regiment 3 4 10 regiment political instructor Shi Lian in 1933 into lectutes . learned learned .
was appointed 5th Division 13 branch secretary of regiment, the 14th Legion red 9 41 Regimental political commissar, political commissar of the Military Commission of the 1st battalion, was appointed 5th Division 13 branch secretary of regiment, the 14th Legion red 9 41 Regimental political commissar, political commissar of the Military Commission of the 1st battalion, . September 1935, the downsizing in the cadre camp,central communication security even September 1935, the downsizing in the cadre camp,central communication security even .
25 Red Army commissars and where he was the 73rd Regiment political commissar Shi 215, the Corps of battalion political commissar taught 25 Red Army commissars and where he was the 73rd Regiment political commissar Shi 215, the Corps of battalion political commissar taught . participated in the first to fifth in the central soviet area against "encirclement and suppression" campaign, and Zhiluozhen, Battle of the Long March, the long march to attend in Tucheng, Zunyi, the Jinsha River, Dadu River and other combat participated in the first to fifth in the central soviet area against "encirclement and suppression" campaign, and Zhiluozhen, Battle of the Long March, the long march to attend in Tucheng, Zunyi, the Jinsha River, Dadu River and other combat .
September 1937 in Yan 'an Military and Political September 1937 in Yan 'an Military and Political . learning learning is not finished, the reassignment and Simple learning learning is not finished, the reassignment and Simple .
commissar insisted on the frontline, don't want to project to the university and commissar insisted on the frontline, don't want to project to the university and . by leading party, quashed his appointment of by leading party, quashed his appointment of .
during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Eighth Route Army Mission headquearters patrol inspector,-Memorializing Department Organization Department Director - General, the Chief, the captain and political cadres for the Corps's mentor.Party Branch of the Department of Political Affairs of the University in 1939, the Central Party School in Yanan .
learning engineering school where he was the political commissar of the Military Commission of the learning engineering school where he was the political commissar of the Military Commission of the . 1942 worked as accountant in Shandong Column of Eighth Route Army 3rd Brigade 1 Director of the Department of Political Affairs 1942 worked as accountant in Shandong Column of Eighth Route Army 3rd Brigade 1 Director of the Department of Political Affairs .
1943 Ren Lu political commissar in the 4th Military District regiment and Director of the Department of Political Affairs 1943 Ren Lu political commissar in the 4th Military District regiment and Director of the Department of Political Affairs . 1944 he assumed as Director of the Department of Political Affairs 1944 he assumed as Director of the Department of Political Affairs .
Lunan Military Region in December 1945 to 1947 and after Jan. Shandong Field Army, 8th Division commissar February 1947 to 1949 after Jan shantung Army of the 3rd Flotilla commissar February 1947 to 1949 after Jan shantung Army of the 3rd Flotilla commissar .
2 October 1949 the Chinese people at the People's Liberation Army of the Third Field Army and 22nd Army a political commissarCPC Ningbo and Ningbo of a prefectural military control commission director of 2 October 1949 the Chinese people at the People's Liberation Army of the Third Field Army and 22nd Army a political commissarCPC Ningbo and Ningbo of a prefectural military control commission director of . armies participated in Sizhou, Suqian and central, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Jinan, Huaihai Road, crossing the river and the liberation of the Zhoushan Archipelago armies participated in Sizhou, Suqian and central, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Jinan, Huaihai Road, crossing the river and the liberation of the Zhoushan Archipelago .
campaigns during the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in January 1950 and has been acting as the people of China and the People's Liberation Army 7th Corps of the Third Field Army, under the Director of the Department of Political Affairs and the Director of the Department of Zhejiang Military Region, the Chinese people of Zhejiang military region deputy political commissar at the People's Liberation Army and Director of the Department of Political Affairs, the Chinese people, the PLA Zhejiang military region deputy political commissar of the Chinese people, and the East China Military Region of the cadre department of the PLA, huadong jun district standing committee,Chinese people and the People's Liberation Army Nanjing Military Cadre Management Dept, campaigns during the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in January 1950 and has been acting as the people of China and the People's Liberation Army 7th Corps of the Third Field Army, under the Director of the Department of Political Affairs and the Director of the Department of Zhejiang Military Region, the Chinese people of Zhejiang military region deputy political commissar at the People's Liberation Army and Director of the Department of Political Affairs, the Chinese people, the PLA Zhejiang military region deputy political commissar of the Chinese people, and the East China Military Region of the cadre department of the PLA, huadong jun district standing committee,Chinese people and the People's Liberation Army Nanjing Military Cadre Management Dept, . of the Nanjing Military Region, the Standing Committee of the CPC in September 1956, successively into the School of the CPC Central Committee, the Higher People's Liberation Army to the Military Academy of the Nanjing Military Region, the Standing Committee of the CPC in September 1956, successively into the School of the CPC Central Committee, the Higher People's Liberation Army to the Military Academy .
1960 from August to October 1964, when any of the PLA Navy North Sea Fleet of the Chinese people's first political commissar, secretary of the 1960 from August to October 1964, when any of the PLA Navy North Sea Fleet of the Chinese people's first political commissar, secretary of the . in March 1978 to June 1983 any Chinese people in the PLA Nanjing Advanced Infantry School political commissar, secretary of the in March 1978 to June 1983 any Chinese people in the PLA Nanjing Advanced Infantry School political commissar, secretary of the .
. 1955 was awarded the rank of lieutenant general and recipient of the Medal of Bayi secondary, the primary independent Medal of Freedom.
level that badge of liberation in July 1988, the military wing of the Army is at the level of the Red Star Meritorious level that badge of liberation in July 1988, the military wing of the Army is at the level of the Red Star Meritorious . People's Political Consultative Conference is the fourth, sixth and seventh national committee of the Communist Party of the Russian communist representatives People's Political Consultative Conference is the fourth, sixth and seventh national committee of the Communist Party of the Russian communist representatives .
is the author of the novel "The Fountainhead", "four have - Lianyungang", "What are the conditions of what kind of a war", "political work is the lifeblood of the army", etc. Published over 20 memoirs 1995 Jan. 4, in Beijing, died at the age of 82
Ding Qiusheng

Devotion To Revolution

In October 1913, Ding Qiusheng was born in Xiangxiang, Hunan lotus bridge In October 1913, Ding Qiusheng was born in Xiangxiang, Hunan lotus bridge . of a poor family he was born, my father used to go out to make a living, and disappeared in the of a poor family he was born, my father used to go out to make a living, and disappeared in the .
in order to remain alive, the 7 - year - old Ding Qiusheng mother flees the beggar came to Anyuan, 11 years into the coal mines and child labour, and worked for six years, suffered as a result of the exploitation and oppression in old China in order to remain alive, the 7 - year - old Ding Qiusheng mother flees the beggar came to Anyuan, 11 years into the coal mines and child labour, and worked for six years, suffered as a result of the exploitation and oppression in old China . was stirred up by warlords in the General Election, was stirred up by warlords in the General Election, .
Ding Qiusheng and miners friends do not understand the class, you don't know the exploitation, bemoan their fate, with fate Ding Qiusheng and miners friends do not understand the class, you don't know the exploitation, bemoan their fate, with fate . born at that time, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Li Lisan went to Anyuan governed successively by a plurality of times, the workers to spread revolutionary truthorganized workers to make our team Anyuan railroad and mines workers club, the suffering of many "old carbon" in the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the influence of education, throughout the day born at that time, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Li Lisan went to Anyuan governed successively by a plurality of times, the workers to spread revolutionary truthorganized workers to make our team Anyuan railroad and mines workers club, the suffering of many "old carbon" in the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the influence of education, throughout the day .
was awakened, Ding Qiusheng is small because of his age, not the members of the club, as he went to night school, but the railroad and mines workers club activities for many, many, in order to safeguard the fundamental interests of the workers but the capitalists struggle, he was deeply affected by was awakened, Ding Qiusheng is small because of his age, not the members of the club, as he went to night school, but the railroad and mines workers club activities for many, many, in order to safeguard the fundamental interests of the workers but the capitalists struggle, he was deeply affected by . He knew: a workers' club which their own organizations, workers' club! 1929, Comrade Mao Tse - tung for the Central Committee of the Red Army at the Ninth Party Congress,Puts forward the Create new units of the Red Army from among the masses of militant workers and peasants, and in 1930 at the beginning of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, personally rate team came to Anyuan "Expand the Red Army He knew: a workers' club which their own organizations, workers' club! 1929, Comrade Mao Tse - tung for the Central Committee of the Red Army at the Ninth Party Congress,Puts forward the Create new units of the Red Army from among the masses of militant workers and peasants, and in 1930 at the beginning of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, personally rate team came to Anyuan "Expand the Red Army .
" was touched, but to Anyuan! "" to be touched, but to the co - worker speaking!"The news spread through the uphole - downhole Anyuan railroad and mines, street workers " was touched, but to Anyuan! "" to be touched, but to the co - worker speaking!"The news spread through the uphole - downhole Anyuan railroad and mines, street workers ., , .
waiting for a hot afternoon, the club workers gathered on the square in front of thousands of mine workers waiting for a hot afternoon, the club workers gathered on the square in front of thousands of mine workers . Square, boarded - up the table, there were tables, several benches, hanging from their long sides of the table cloth, that read" Down with the capitalists and the same liberation "; and" smash the old systems and establish a Soviet " Square, boarded - up the table, there were tables, several benches, hanging from their long sides of the table cloth, that read" Down with the capitalists and the same liberation "; and" smash the old systems and establish a Soviet ".
saw several people walking, people boiling, the mood at once, and stood up, shaking the hands of the triangle of paper flag, chanting and saw several people walking, people boiling, the mood at once, and stood up, shaking the hands of the triangle of paper flag, chanting and . This is Ding Qiusheng - for the first time attend such gatherings, This is Ding Qiusheng - for the first time attend such gatherings,.
first met Mao Zedong and his co - workers young, short in height, in order to see this through, and then clumb a tree close to one side of the table of Daliushu on occasion see saw Mao Zedong dressed in a gray blouse, a intellectuals of his voice, gesticulating, said many workers - - who listens to understand the truth saw Mao Zedong dressed in a gray blouse, a intellectuals of his voice, gesticulating, said many workers - - who listens to understand the truth .
Mao Zedong, the workers are doing the live cattle, pigs and dogs are eating the food, is bitter?No!Neko is poor, against the great mountains to Mao Zedong, the workers are doing the live cattle, pigs and dogs are eating the food, is bitter?No!Neko is poor, against the great mountains to . So, workers, farmers and liberation, will unite and take up the gun, overthrowing imperialism, feudalism, and "Down with the corrupt officers, overthrew the old system, to build up the Soviet regime, by the workers, the peasants as the masters of the So, workers, farmers and liberation, will unite and take up the gun, overthrowing imperialism, feudalism, and "Down with the corrupt officers, overthrew the old system, to build up the Soviet regime, by the workers, the peasants as the masters of the .
Finally he raised his voice to call on everyone to join the Red Army and in succeeding years Finally he raised his voice to call on everyone to join the Red Army and in succeeding years . many co - workers always wants not to understand the problem, is it's Mao Zedong had in mind many co - workers always wants not to understand the problem, is it's Mao Zedong had in mind .
Ding Qiusheng went inside to wait, a passion that inspired him when he is determined to follow Mao Zedong walking, followed the Red Army walked out of poverty, oppression and then Ding Qiusheng went inside to wait, a passion that inspired him when he is determined to follow Mao Zedong walking, followed the Red Army walked out of poverty, oppression and then .,He enjoy home to tell his mother to join the Red Army and listen for ,He enjoy home to tell his mother to join the Red Army and listen for .
mother, surprised and sad, but she hated to part with her, she gets in the small, frail child, and you don't have to worry about that after his departure was much more difficult, said what also do not agree with, mother, surprised and sad, but she hated to part with her, she gets in the small, frail child, and you don't have to worry about that after his departure was much more difficult, said what also do not agree with, . cried later, mother see Ding Qiusheng determined to join the Red Army, locked in his room cried later, mother see Ding Qiusheng determined to join the Red Army, locked in his room .
Ding Qiusheng was so worried that he could know is staying with the Red Army went, coaxed mother said: "I've heard. You don't go to When the Red Army" which brought the mother's heart When the Red Army" which brought the mother's heart .
after Ding Qiusheng quietly to the Red Army on the jpt this year, and as always, every day goes to work on the mine,widder through that a few days - - after Ding Qiusheng quietly to the Red Army on the jpt this year, and as always, every day goes to work on the mine,widder through that a few days - - . troops when notification of the departure time and the set of locations before Ding Qiusheng above still work in the name, the one that says good - bye dear mother, bid farewell to Anyuan railroad and mines, with more than 1,000 Anyuan coal miners to join the Red Army's III Corps troops when notification of the departure time and the set of locations before Ding Qiusheng above still work in the name, the one that says good - bye dear mother, bid farewell to Anyuan railroad and mines, with more than 1,000 Anyuan coal miners to join the Red Army's III Corps .
he was enrolled in the special task company, was on the way to revolution - - he was enrolled in the special task company, was on the way to revolution - - .

On The Long March

In 1934, the Red Army's fifth "encirclement and suppression" in hubei - henan - anhui defeat, the Red Army was forced to begin the Long March in Ruijin in Jiangxi from In 1934, the Red Army's fifth "encirclement and suppression" in hubei - henan - anhui defeat, the Red Army was forced to begin the Long March in Ruijin in Jiangxi from . before departure, Ding Qiusheng was transferred to the Commission of the Central Committee of the Red Star Flotilla when officers of the pro - democracy movement, is mainly assigned to the Military Commission of the authority of the Ministry of Justice and the quartermasters before departure, Ding Qiusheng was transferred to the Commission of the Central Committee of the Red Star Flotilla when officers of the pro - democracy movement, is mainly assigned to the Military Commission of the authority of the Ministry of Justice and the quartermasters .
Ding Qiusheng and daily contact with many new Central leadership, with Mao Zedong also gradually acquainted with Ding Qiusheng and daily contact with many new Central leadership, with Mao Zedong also gradually acquainted with . after Zunyi, Ding Qiusheng transferred a battalion political commissar of the Red Army left Zunyi after Zunyi, Ding Qiusheng transferred a battalion political commissar of the Red Army left Zunyi .
after the march, often to the contact of the cadre troops cadre interrogation situation and some of the family background, participated in the revolution after the experience of the after the march, often to the contact of the cadre troops cadre interrogation situation and some of the family background, participated in the revolution after the experience of the . once,When Mao Zedong heard Ding Qiusheng from Anyuan, sighed and said to him: "Anyuan, who left now is to go much once,When Mao Zedong heard Ding Qiusheng from Anyuan, sighed and said to him: "Anyuan, who left now is to go much .
" Eco reaches the Long March, the Red Army crossed the lawn, let the head of Chen Geng Ding Qiusheng led the troops up the rear accommodating " Eco reaches the Long March, the Red Army crossed the lawn, let the head of Chen Geng Ding Qiusheng led the troops up the rear accommodating . when Mao Zedong heard Ding Qiusheng is performed when receiving the task, he urged: "must bring the stragglers of the comrades care available, and let each gay man. That is, it is difficult to timely report
" Ding Qiusheng see the central authority carrying excess, determined to put the seizure of a roan horse stay " Ding Qiusheng see the central authority carrying excess, determined to put the seizure of a roan horse stay . this horse coat color, which will then be very robust,in a battle with the Kuomintang army seized in, Ding Qiusheng particularly likes, carefully reared this horse coat color, which will then be very robust,in a battle with the Kuomintang army seized in, Ding Qiusheng particularly likes, carefully reared .
Mao Zedong on the march to see the horse, also praised the "really good horse!" Ding Qiusheng had long wanted to put the horse out to Mao Zedong, sent by the Central Organ, which is precisely the right opportunity But Mao Zedong on the march to see the horse, also praised the "really good horse!" Ding Qiusheng had long wanted to put the horse out to Mao Zedong, sent by the Central Organ, which is precisely the right opportunity But . Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai strongly disagreed, saying the horses should be used where most needed, and said: "You bring up the rear, and left behind many of the comrades, the wounded, much more needs to be Ma Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai strongly disagreed, saying the horses should be used where most needed, and said: "You bring up the rear, and left behind many of the comrades, the wounded, much more needs to be Ma .
" Mao Zedong also took on the mare Ding Qiusheng says: "Our horses for revolutionary hero " Mao Zedong also took on the mare Ding Qiusheng says: "Our horses for revolutionary hero ."Later this horse really played a great part it "Later this horse really played a great part it .
began to pack food, later offered to carry the wounded until they finally collapse began to pack food, later offered to carry the wounded until they finally collapse . watched the horse did not rise to his feet, Ding Qiusheng painful to watch it suffer, but I don't have the heart to kill it, and let a few fighters to have him killed, horsemeat lead to starvation of Red Army men persisted for several days, finally out of the grassland's horse, the mare watched the horse did not rise to his feet, Ding Qiusheng painful to watch it suffer, but I don't have the heart to kill it, and let a few fighters to have him killed, horsemeat lead to starvation of Red Army men persisted for several days, finally out of the grassland's horse, the mare .
saved lives of Red Army soldiers life saved lives of Red Army soldiers life . September 1935, the downsizing in the cadre camp, Ding Qiusheng was transferred to the central communication even when a garrison instructor September 1935, the downsizing in the cadre camp, Ding Qiusheng was transferred to the central communication even when a garrison instructor .
Long March just ended,Zhiluozhen, Battle of the Red Army was wiped out the enemy in a 2008 division and one regiment of Liushi, and the capture of the enemy commander Long March just ended,Zhiluozhen, Battle of the Red Army was wiped out the enemy in a 2008 division and one regiment of Liushi, and the capture of the enemy commander . those days, Mao Tse - tung's mood is good, often can hear his laughter and conversation those days, Mao Tse - tung's mood is good, often can hear his laughter and conversation .
night, Ding Qiusheng hurrahed Tsagan night, Ding Qiusheng hurrahed Tsagan . Mao Zedong in the habit of working at night, tired and goes for walk, just to Ding Qiusheng, bear marks of high interest to the conversation by Mao Zedong in the habit of working at night, tired and goes for walk, just to Ding Qiusheng, bear marks of high interest to the conversation by .
Mao Zedong said: "Even the garrison of comrade, marching, guard tonight Mao Zedong said: "Even the garrison of comrade, marching, guard tonight ." Ding Qiusheng immediately responded by saying, "you are a night for a late into the evening, we take much more effort than " Ding Qiusheng immediately responded by saying, "you are a night for a late into the evening, we take much more effort than .
" Mao Zedong said: "I'm used to that.Or how hard you've "Ding Qiusheng advised President earlier; go and rest, but Mao Zedong was wide - awake, instead of Tan Ding see him as the twilight "Ding Qiusheng advised President earlier; go and rest, but Mao Zedong was wide - awake, instead of Tan Ding see him as the twilight .
Qiusheng left - arm operating is not flexible, and asked:" When was your left hand is injured?"Qiu Sheng Ding Mao Zedong see very easygoing, affable, also began to chat up Qiusheng left - arm operating is not flexible, and asked:" When was your left hand is injured?"Qiu Sheng Ding Mao Zedong see very easygoing, affable, also began to chat up . Qiusheng told Ding Mao Zedong, in April 1934 in our fifth counter - campaign against" encirclement and suppression "in the Guangchang Battle wound, Ding was born in autumn nine Legions Division 14 of forty posse was appointed political commissioner Qiusheng told Ding Mao Zedong, in April 1934 in our fifth counter - campaign against" encirclement and suppression "in the Guangchang Battle wound, Ding was born in autumn nine Legions Division 14 of forty posse was appointed political commissioner .
Ding Qiusheng said:" I'm on the last day of the battle on multiple wounded, left brachial artery was interrupted, at the time, the flow of blood from the wound bled a lot Ding Qiusheng said:" I'm on the last day of the battle on multiple wounded, left brachial artery was interrupted, at the time, the flow of blood from the wound bled a lot . due, I was unconscious for seven days and seven night due, I was unconscious for seven days and seven night .
the division organized a special stretcher - bearer party of eight, took turns carrying me day and night, rushed to the Ruijin Hospital, as a result of Fu Lian sunrise, president of my surgery,There are many soldiers as I lost the blood to save my life the division organized a special stretcher - bearer party of eight, took turns carrying me day and night, rushed to the Ruijin Hospital, as a result of Fu Lian sunrise, president of my surgery,There are many soldiers as I lost the blood to save my life . "Ding Qiusheng fondly recalls:" that battle and sacrifice so much, comrades, I was very sad, and there are so many comrades to save my life laid down their lives in the blood of the Party and comrades gave me my second life "Ding Qiusheng fondly recalls:" that battle and sacrifice so much, comrades, I was very sad, and there are so many comrades to save my life laid down their lives in the blood of the Party and comrades gave me my second life .
"Mao Zedong thought deeply for a long time after listening to, then said:" Yeah, the erroneous line of Wang Ming's caused us to suffer a big loss, losing many good comrades! "then, Mao Zedong analyzed the erroneous line of Wang Ming of the Party and the Red Army, but also that they should deal with the war tactics of the war,Can't recklessly of truth "Mao Zedong thought deeply for a long time after listening to, then said:" Yeah, the erroneous line of Wang Ming's caused us to suffer a big loss, losing many good comrades! "then, Mao Zedong analyzed the erroneous line of Wang Ming of the Party and the Red Army, but also that they should deal with the war tactics of the war,Can't recklessly of truth . Ding Qiusheng's leather spoke he just joined the army, don't know anything, just know hard kill war recklessly, participating in death squads to take the lead in contemning Ding Qiusheng's leather spoke he just joined the army, don't know anything, just know hard kill war recklessly, participating in death squads to take the lead in contemning .
"remember in our first counter - encirclement and suppression" in the fight, two aircraft flying in the sky, it was the first sight of the aircraft, who - knows - what is this stuff, don't know "remember in our first counter - encirclement and suppression" in the fight, two aircraft flying in the sky, it was the first sight of the aircraft, who - knows - what is this stuff, don't know . for fear of the people follow for fear of the people follow .
aircraft running on the ground plane, and suddenly dropped two bombs, one in the middle of the crowd exploded, sacrifice several soldiers but also from aircraft running on the ground plane, and suddenly dropped two bombs, one in the middle of the crowd exploded, sacrifice several soldiers but also from . fall in behind me, and did not explode, roiling the mud I'm buried up fall in behind me, and did not explode, roiling the mud I'm buried up .
Thanks comrades found,I just dug out Thanks comrades found,I just dug out . I know airplanes - -and - - and the things that really I know airplanes - -and - - and the things that really .
"Mao listened to laugh:" you're lucky, our Red Army caused a lot of big "Mao listened to laugh:" you're lucky, our Red Army caused a lot of big . "also said:" The enemy in the future, and we will have turned a blind eye to "get in on that unforgettable night, firmness and Ding Mao Zedong Qiusheng says:" took part in the Long March, the Red Army's number, but the improved quality of "also said:" The enemy in the future, and we will have turned a blind eye to "get in on that unforgettable night, firmness and Ding Mao Zedong Qiusheng says:" took part in the Long March, the Red Army's number, but the improved quality of .
now as remaining members of the 60 's and 70' s, in the future, we rely on these backbone can be revolutionary development, our revolution is to do my job like you now as remaining members of the 60 's and 70' s, in the future, we rely on these backbone can be revolutionary development, our revolution is to do my job like you . to be large, due to the reduction of the Red Army, commissar from when the camp commissar,And from the commissar to when instructor, however, and the like in the future expansion of the red army, also can go to the command of a regiment, one engineer, even an Army to be large, due to the reduction of the Red Army, commissar from when the camp commissar,And from the commissar to when instructor, however, and the like in the future expansion of the red army, also can go to the command of a regiment, one engineer, even an Army .
our revolutionary cause is sure to grow in size, from won our revolutionary cause is sure to grow in size, from won . "The Mao Tse - tung, Ding Qiusheng heart was thrilled, and, on the President's on his way back, he couldn't help boldly put forward own thought to the idea of combat troops and asked "The Mao Tse - tung, Ding Qiusheng heart was thrilled, and, on the President's on his way back, he couldn't help boldly put forward own thought to the idea of combat troops and asked .
Mao Zedong said:" That is good! Mao Zedong said:" That is good! . future opportunities of "Ding Qiusheng has been expected that the opportunity of the coming war future opportunities of "Ding Qiusheng has been expected that the opportunity of the coming war .
Ding Qiusheng

Punishment But Also On The Frontline

In 1937, the flames of the Anti - Japanese war in the country, to fight the Japanese voices spread all over the country. To adapt to the needs of the rebellion, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army into the Eighth Route Army To adapt to the needs of the rebellion, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army into the Eighth Route Army .
Ding was born in the autumn of Shaan - Gan Shi Ren 2731 two two five regimental commissar, adaptation of the opportunity, the organization raised him to go to study in the Ding was born in the autumn of Shaan - Gan Shi Ren 2731 two two five regimental commissar, adaptation of the opportunity, the organization raised him to go to study in the . Anti - large, while for the digging of caves to learn Marxism - Leninism and study the anti - Japanese national revolutionary truth, accusing the Japanese invaders to various crimes Anti - large, while for the digging of caves to learn Marxism - Leninism and study the anti - Japanese national revolutionary truth, accusing the Japanese invaders to various crimes .
Qiusheng Ding believes that as a Chinese person, especially as a soldier, you must go to the front of the battle, fighting the Japanese invaders, Qiusheng Ding believes that as a Chinese person, especially as a soldier, you must go to the front of the battle, fighting the Japanese invaders,. killed several Japanese soldiers he was full of the idea killed several Japanese soldiers he was full of the idea .
thought learning has not ended, he received command of the Army, and was dispatched to the Simple thought learning has not ended, he received command of the Army, and was dispatched to the Simple . Ren was a political commissar, and there is a group of aviation cadres from the Soviet Union back, bring back many Soviet aircraft and flight technical knowledge due to the just - concluded Ren was a political commissar, and there is a group of aviation cadres from the Soviet Union back, bring back many Soviet aircraft and flight technical knowledge due to the just - concluded .
Long March, the Red Army's armaments, military technology extremely poor, and study of cadres from across the country arrived in Yenan, our anti - Japanese intellectuals, for the Reds is a great treasure Long March, the Red Army's armaments, military technology extremely poor, and study of cadres from across the country arrived in Yenan, our anti - Japanese intellectuals, for the Reds is a great treasure . So, the central point of reference, the formation of the Red Army Engineering School, is the study of Marxism - Leninism and Russian aviation knowledge,Air Force was formed in the future, preparing for So, the central point of reference, the formation of the Red Army Engineering School, is the study of Marxism - Leninism and Russian aviation knowledge,Air Force was formed in the future, preparing for .
Ding Qiusheng lack the knowledge, intent only on the front, this appointment has a lot to do with the defensiveness, refused to go to engineering schools, insisting on the frontline Ding Qiusheng lack the knowledge, intent only on the front, this appointment has a lot to do with the defensiveness, refused to go to engineering schools, insisting on the frontline . at the time, the Eighth Route Army in a rear part of the Director of the Department of Political Affairs and Tan Zheng from Ding Qiusheng, from the engineering school of the future development of the army spoke of the importance, from the Commission of the Central Committee of the intention of speaking of discipline in the army, the military orders, and obey the arrangement and said: "There's even a chance in the future on the frontline, after also can refinance? at the time, the Eighth Route Army in a rear part of the Director of the Department of Political Affairs and Tan Zheng from Ding Qiusheng, from the engineering school of the future development of the army spoke of the importance, from the Commission of the Central Committee of the intention of speaking of discipline in the army, the military orders, and obey the arrangement and said: "There's even a chance in the future on the frontline, after also can refinance? .
" a very excited Ding Qiusheng, deaf, still insisted on going to the front, and I don't want to go to engineering school " a very excited Ding Qiusheng, deaf, still insisted on going to the front, and I don't want to go to engineering school . Tan Zheng's last serious and said:"You're disobeying orders, will be punished Tan Zheng's last serious and said:"You're disobeying orders, will be punished .
" Ding Qiusheng's answer: "I'm punished all the same!Tan Zheng and I don't think it's. At last, Ding Qiusheng says, if you don't really go up, we'll have to truthfully report to Chairman Mao heard of Tan Ding Qiusheng dignitaries to refer the matter to Mao Zedong, not nervous, but secretly pleased, and thought to follow Chairman Mao over the years, the President is all I know is, if the President saw me attitude so resolute, I would definitely agree on the frontline Qiusheng dignitaries to refer the matter to Mao Zedong, not nervous, but secretly pleased, and thought to follow Chairman Mao over the years, the President is all I know is, if the President saw me attitude so resolute, I would definitely agree on the frontline .
Ding Qiusheng that Mao Zedong had spoken of the "opportunity" was coming, and, if possible, Tan Zheng's earlier report to Mao Zedong at the request of the Ding Qiusheng that Mao Zedong had spoken of the "opportunity" was coming, and, if possible, Tan Zheng's earlier report to Mao Zedong at the request of the . Mao Zedong when he heard of Tan Zheng, Chinese media reported serious and said, "I was under the command not to perform, how does that work?The army is a disciplined army, Yan Mao Zedong when he heard of Tan Zheng, Chinese media reported serious and said, "I was under the command not to perform, how does that work?The army is a disciplined army, Yan .
tube, pipe and more to Yan tube, pipe and more to Yan . a reprimand for disobeying orders! "See Mao Zedong was really annoyed, Tan Zheng hurriedly explained:" Ding Qiusheng wanted to be in the frontline, and it is a good comrade chairman Ding a reprimand for disobeying orders! "See Mao Zedong was really annoyed, Tan Zheng hurriedly explained:" Ding Qiusheng wanted to be in the frontline, and it is a good comrade chairman Ding .
Qiusheng is aware of, if not to dispose of? "Mao Zedong did nothing differently, and say:" The working alongside comrades, they should be strict!"Ding Qiusheng has not been approved on the frontline, but by leading party, both withdrew and Simple appointed Commissar of Qiusheng is aware of, if not to dispose of? "Mao Zedong did nothing differently, and say:" The working alongside comrades, they should be strict!"Ding Qiusheng has not been approved on the frontline, but by leading party, both withdrew and Simple appointed Commissar of . The sanction after Ding Qiusheng was transferred to the Eighth Route Army headquearters patrol mission when the inspector The sanction after Ding Qiusheng was transferred to the Eighth Route Army headquearters patrol mission when the inspector .
Ding Qiusheng in the inspection team spent two months, has made a tour of the armed forces in many places, incorporating the subsequently - to - work Ding Qiusheng in the inspection team spent two months, has made a tour of the armed forces in many places, incorporating the subsequently - to - work . in this period, he witnessed the military raged on the rear of the work situation, deeply aware of the importance of the work behind in this period, he witnessed the military raged on the rear of the work situation, deeply aware of the importance of the work behind .
tissue was again made on Ding Qiusheng to school to learn, through their study of Marxism - Leninism and the Party of Communists of the knowledge and requirements,He was convicted of his errors should not out - tissue was again made on Ding Qiusheng to school to learn, through their study of Marxism - Leninism and the Party of Communists of the knowledge and requirements,He was convicted of his errors should not out - . communist party members, cadres, must firmly abide by military discipline, discipline communist party members, cadres, must firmly abide by military discipline, discipline .
in the learning has not been finished yet, Ding Qiusheng again received the command, or to appoint him commissar and Simple when in the learning has not been finished yet, Ding Qiusheng again received the command, or to appoint him commissar and Simple when . this time, he did not mention any requirement, appointment immediately packaged this time, he did not mention any requirement, appointment immediately packaged .
arrives and he led us into the tough school work arrives and he led us into the tough school work . at the time, he had only one belief is hard work, we will live up to the commission's organization and the trust on at the time, he had only one belief is hard work, we will live up to the commission's organization and the trust on .
a year later, Ding Qiusheng finally got access to all of the Shandong Anti - Japanese Front,He was on the frontline of a year later, Ding Qiusheng finally got access to all of the Shandong Anti - Japanese Front,He was on the frontline of . wish he leads a batch of warm reluctantly left the shed and joint efforts of school, leaving Yan 'an, started a new life wish he leads a batch of warm reluctantly left the shed and joint efforts of school, leaving Yan 'an, started a new life .
battle during the War of Liberation, Ding Qiusheng Shandong Field Army, under the eight former commissar of the army, whose troops participate in August 1946, Subei Sicheng, an assault, after the mating area north of Central China Field Army participated in the battle, being the first full - scale civil war erupted in Shandong Field Army, wipe out one brigade of the example 3;Next, returned to participate in the Battle of Lunan, this one annihilated along with 50,000 people in the Kuomintang army and captured two teachers of unprecedented victory battle during the War of Liberation, Ding Qiusheng Shandong Field Army, under the eight former commissar of the army, whose troops participate in August 1946, Subei Sicheng, an assault, after the mating area north of Central China Field Army participated in the battle, being the first full - scale civil war erupted in Shandong Field Army, wipe out one brigade of the example 3;Next, returned to participate in the Battle of Lunan, this one annihilated along with 50,000 people in the Kuomintang army and captured two teachers of unprecedented victory . eight division through two campaigns, there has been a battle involving mechanized and battle with the enemy of the test exercise, stronger with eight division through two campaigns, there has been a battle involving mechanized and battle with the enemy of the test exercise, stronger with .
Ding Qiusheng

Loyal And Filial

In the early period after the founding of the People's Republic of China, who was then commissar of the PLA Army 22nd Ding Qiusheng was appointed the seventh corps and the Director of the Department of Zhejiang Military District, where he was the deputy political commissar of the In the early period after the founding of the People's Republic of China, who was then commissar of the PLA Army 22nd Ding Qiusheng was appointed the seventh corps and the Director of the Department of Zhejiang Military District, where he was the deputy political commissar of the . 1952 before National Day, Ding Qiusheng received from Beijing by Chairman Mao Zedong and an autographed invitation for him to attend a National Day ceremony 1952 before National Day, Ding Qiusheng received from Beijing by Chairman Mao Zedong and an autographed invitation for him to attend a National Day ceremony .
activities in Beijing, Ding Qiusheng met long lost activities in Beijing, Ding Qiusheng met long lost . Mao Zedong Mao Zedong shook his hand and said: "We haven't seen each other for a long time, how are you?"Ding Qiusheng to MAO Ze - dong's report of his own life and work of Mao Zedong Mao Zedong shook his hand and said: "We haven't seen each other for a long time, how are you?"Ding Qiusheng to MAO Ze - dong's report of his own life and work of .
then, Mao Zedong again to The hunan villager asked the hometown of the case, and asked:" Are you home? Have you ever seen my mother for?"Ding Qiusheng touched and said:" My mother had died, that I was unable to meet with her then, Mao Zedong again to The hunan villager asked the hometown of the case, and asked:" Are you home? Have you ever seen my mother for?"Ding Qiusheng touched and said:" My mother had died, that I was unable to meet with her . "Mao Zedong watched Ding Qiusheng, shook his hand, indicating that the "Mao Zedong watched Ding Qiusheng, shook his hand, indicating that the .
comfort at this time, Ding Qiusheng to tears, brought to mind one of Mao Zedong in the long march had an interest in how he said:" your home away from my hometown very near, only about 20 km, at home there, anyhow? "Ding Qiusheng remembers telling President, together with the old mother and then himself in the Red Army, said it again, and guiltily to Mao Tse - tung said:" The army could not travel with the old mother's farewell,Now think of it always feels sorry for her for the first time comfort at this time, Ding Qiusheng to tears, brought to mind one of Mao Zedong in the long march had an interest in how he said:" your home away from my hometown very near, only about 20 km, at home there, anyhow? "Ding Qiusheng remembers telling President, together with the old mother and then himself in the Red Army, said it again, and guiltily to Mao Tse - tung said:" The army could not travel with the old mother's farewell,Now think of it always feels sorry for her for the first time . taken from local bullies, the squad know my story and gave me 6 block Koyo, sent letters to my mother, she received no, never contacted her taken from local bullies, the squad know my story and gave me 6 block Koyo, sent letters to my mother, she received no, never contacted her .
"Mao Zedong was emotionally stated:" When the child is away, the mother will pray, and filial piety are not attained!A good environment in the future, to try to connect on, should definitely have a chance to go back and see her "Mao Zedong was emotionally stated:" When the child is away, the mother will pray, and filial piety are not attained!A good environment in the future, to try to connect on, should definitely have a chance to go back and see her . "thereafter, Ding Qiusheng has been remembering the, after the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japan and mother corresponded to November 1944, abruptly discontinued until after the liberation of "thereafter, Ding Qiusheng has been remembering the, after the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japan and mother corresponded to November 1944, abruptly discontinued until after the liberation of .
don't even know about the child's mother in 1944 of the lunar calendar in November on the 8th day of the dead to the world don't even know about the child's mother in 1944 of the lunar calendar in November on the 8th day of the dead to the world . due to my busy work he didn't get the chance after being sent home are mother's grave I due to my busy work he didn't get the chance after being sent home are mother's grave I .
September 1955, Ding Qiusheng borrow my mother's death on the occasion of the 10th anniversary, has written an article, entitled" Commemoration of the mother, "recalled the mother toil of life and the upbringing of children,commend a Chinese mother and daughters; following the liberation of their understanding and support, and also reflect the mother to escape poverty and oppression and liberation of the chinese nation is looking forward to the success of September 1955, Ding Qiusheng borrow my mother's death on the occasion of the 10th anniversary, has written an article, entitled" Commemoration of the mother, "recalled the mother toil of life and the upbringing of children,commend a Chinese mother and daughters; following the liberation of their understanding and support, and also reflect the mother to escape poverty and oppression and liberation of the chinese nation is looking forward to the success of . The Americans as well as a member of the Communist Party on an ordinary but great mother of gratitude and admiration for the meaning of The Americans as well as a member of the Communist Party on an ordinary but great mother of gratitude and admiration for the meaning of .
was written, the Ding Qiusheng felt in my bones that, eventually, solving the problems, one of my wishes, and repay mother of Mao Zedong's own concern from was written, the Ding Qiusheng felt in my bones that, eventually, solving the problems, one of my wishes, and repay mother of Mao Zedong's own concern from .
Ding Qiusheng

Construction Of The People's Republic Of China

Ding Qiusheng childhood fame, no money and going to school and joined the Red Army due to bravery in combat, work actively, and quickly took a position as headship since there is no culture Ding Qiusheng childhood fame, no money and going to school and joined the Red Army due to bravery in combat, work actively, and quickly took a position as headship since there is no culture ., , .
often feel powerless in the course of the Long March, Mao Zedong asked him not to read, he replied: "When the miners, had never entered school often feel powerless in the course of the Long March, Mao Zedong asked him not to read, he replied: "When the miners, had never entered school ." Mao Zedong said that: "We are the Red Army cadres to learn culture and knowledge, studying military theory and technology, and learn how to do ideological work " Mao Zedong said that: "We are the Red Army cadres to learn culture and knowledge, studying military theory and technology, and learn how to do ideological work .
" Ding Qiusheng, mindful of the teachings of Mao Zedong, at frequent intervals between battles, the worship of literate cadres, soldiers, Myriam file into textbook, the diligent study later " Ding Qiusheng, mindful of the teachings of Mao Zedong, at frequent intervals between battles, the worship of literate cadres, soldiers, Myriam file into textbook, the diligent study later .,tissue cultured on him, let him in the ,tissue cultured on him, let him in the .
lectutes at the end of the Long March, Mao Zedong and other leading comrades of the airport, he served as the first students into the anti - great learning, he was kept after a large anti - Ren at work at the level of the team captain and member of the team are instructors lectutes at the end of the Long March, Mao Zedong and other leading comrades of the airport, he served as the first students into the anti - great learning, he was kept after a large anti - Ren at work at the level of the team captain and member of the team are instructors . .
by young intellectuals in exchange for his cultural level by young intellectuals in exchange for his cultural level . the liberation, the organization to provide him with a cultural instructor and later sent him to the central - level Party School, the Higher Military Academy has made a systematic study the liberation, the organization to provide him with a cultural instructor and later sent him to the central - level Party School, the Higher Military Academy has made a systematic study .
July 1960, Chairman Mao Zedong and the approval of the Central Military Commission appointed Ding Qiusheng is a newly established Navy Fleet's first political commissar of the Army the day July 1960, Chairman Mao Zedong and the approval of the Central Military Commission appointed Ding Qiusheng is a newly established Navy Fleet's first political commissar of the Army the day .,Resident in qingdao, china was held ceremoniously the celebration Marshal Xu Xiangqian ,Resident in qingdao, china was held ceremoniously the celebration Marshal Xu Xiangqian .
O39 established on behalf of Mao Zedong and the central military commission in the Fleet for congratulations O39 established on behalf of Mao Zedong and the central military commission in the Fleet for congratulations . Xi heads in, but Qiu Sheng Ding still wearing his army uniform, on and off the stage, that is to say, and is spotlighted Xi heads in, but Qiu Sheng Ding still wearing his army uniform, on and off the stage, that is to say, and is spotlighted .
Ding Qiusheng watched crisply pressed navy clothing of cadres and fighters, with a sense that their own significant navy Ding Qiusheng watched crisply pressed navy clothing of cadres and fighters, with a sense that their own significant navy . shoulder the burden of this very technical services, he is a new topic shoulder the burden of this very technical services, he is a new topic .
knows he must study hard, can better accomplish the major task of the parties to give knows he must study hard, can better accomplish the major task of the parties to give . fleet in the early - to - day combat service at home and abroad, the domestic economy was again experiencing temporary difficulties and the situation will change dramatically,He quickly becomes familiar with the case in which the organs immediately after taking the cadres to fleet belongs to the size of the units and orient, within a very short space of time, he was seasick and exhausted by the journey, and over all naval, coastal defense forces, the Air Force, at the grass - roots organizations and the frontline of knowledge learning process in the navy, the military situation, to solve the practical problems of cadres, fleet in the early - to - day combat service at home and abroad, the domestic economy was again experiencing temporary difficulties and the situation will change dramatically,He quickly becomes familiar with the case in which the organs immediately after taking the cadres to fleet belongs to the size of the units and orient, within a very short space of time, he was seasick and exhausted by the journey, and over all naval, coastal defense forces, the Air Force, at the grass - roots organizations and the frontline of knowledge learning process in the navy, the military situation, to solve the practical problems of cadres, .
he said: "Our Navy is using advanced science and technology equipment of the military services and many activities are carried out independently in sea and air, if not practical and realistic attitude, due to a direct contravention of objective laws while subject to heavy punishment he said: "Our Navy is using advanced science and technology equipment of the military services and many activities are carried out independently in sea and air, if not practical and realistic attitude, due to a direct contravention of objective laws while subject to heavy punishment ."He was serious about learning the Navy's knowledge, erudition, the memory and delve into very deep "He was serious about learning the Navy's knowledge, erudition, the memory and delve into very deep .
in combat, he used the opportunity to ask the comrades to naval technology and tactical knowledge, equipment such as ships, aircraft, maritime training, operational command and tactical applications like in combat, he used the opportunity to ask the comrades to naval technology and tactical knowledge, equipment such as ships, aircraft, maritime training, operational command and tactical applications like . Ding Qiusheng is in MAO Ze - dong's inspired cultural enlightenment of Ding Qiusheng is in MAO Ze - dong's inspired cultural enlightenment of .
he either during or after the exit to leadership, always concerned about troop construction of political culture, actively revolutionary historical writing, has published over 20 articles and stuff like this he either during or after the exit to leadership, always concerned about troop construction of political culture, actively revolutionary historical writing, has published over 20 articles and stuff like this . glorifying Mao Zedong and other proletariat revolutionists of the thought route and Jianjun,advocating the political work of the PLA's glorious tradition and fine style, using the Ding autumn survived the sick leave period, created to reflect the inter - war years, the Chinese People's Liberation Army at the grass - roots political work and experience on the theme of the novel "The Fountainhead", 1964 published glorifying Mao Zedong and other proletariat revolutionists of the thought route and Jianjun,advocating the political work of the PLA's glorious tradition and fine style, using the Ding autumn survived the sick leave period, created to reflect the inter - war years, the Chinese People's Liberation Army at the grass - roots political work and experience on the theme of the novel "The Fountainhead", 1964 published .
after the arrest of the Gang of Four, Art and Literature Publishing House published the book twice, the book was entitled "Excellent novels, and as" the ideological and political work in the company of good textbooks", recommended to all army after the arrest of the Gang of Four, Art and Literature Publishing House published the book twice, the book was entitled "Excellent novels, and as" the ideological and political work in the company of good textbooks", recommended to all army . Ding Qiusheng contributions towards the end of Zaozhuang of Shandong Province was a little girl who was abandoned by his parents to read Ding Qiusheng contributions towards the end of Zaozhuang of Shandong Province was a little girl who was abandoned by his parents to read .
Ding Qiusheng died,He was the son of Ding Yiping, deputy commander of the naval staff continued contributions this girl has spent eight years Ding Qiusheng died,He was the son of Ding Yiping, deputy commander of the naval staff continued contributions this girl has spent eight years .
Ding QiushengDing Qiusheng

Ref

(1) "" writer: Ding Qiusheng Press: Art and Literature Society (2) "a four - over - Longhai" Author: Ding Qiusheng Press: Art and Literature Society (3) a "good, political commissar of the Ding Qiusheng" author: "good, political commissar of the Ding Qiusheng" Wallis, publisher of the Yellow River Publishing House (4) of the Chinese People's Liberation Army of the Third Field Army in the History of the "author: Wallis, the History of the Press: 9.2

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