Biographical
Charles Scott Sherrington, Charles Scott) Nonequilibrium properties in 1857 was born november 27 large north London Islington Charles Scott Sherrington, Charles Scott) Nonequilibrium properties in 1857 was born november 27 large north London Islington . 1876, Xi into Nonequilibrium properties of st thomas" hospital london and professor of medicine, and in 1878 by the Royal College of Surgeons of primary examinations, again the following year by the College of Special Graduate of primary examination, made a deliberate stop in Edinburgh after he went to Cambridge University in 1879, under the guidance of Mr Michael Foster learned physiology,and in 1880 entered the University of Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College (and) 1876, Xi into Nonequilibrium properties of st thomas" hospital london and professor of medicine, and in 1878 by the Royal College of Surgeons of primary examinations, again the following year by the College of Special Graduate of primary examination, made a deliberate stop in Edinburgh after he went to Cambridge University in 1879, under the guidance of Mr Michael Foster learned physiology,and in 1880 entered the University of Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College (and) .
3 in 1881, Nonequilibrium properties in london, convened a medical conference, meeting, Michael Foster, Mr. Charles Bell et al. Based on the experimental study were discussed,University of Strasbourg by France's David Ferrier and Friedrich Leopold Goltz report on the Implementation of the dogs was excised and the monkey cortex portion of the impact that produced the so - called "differences in opinion, spurred widespread interest later, in the UK and Europe, almost all universities to conduct research on later, in the UK and Europe, almost all universities to conduct research on .
subsequently, Nonequilibrium properties and John Newport Langley at Cambridge also have given a great deal of research,and in 1884 they published an article about the study of this thesis, has set both the Nonequilibrium properties that are exploring the mystery of the nervous system to die to the subsequently, Nonequilibrium properties and John Newport Langley at Cambridge also have given a great deal of research,and in 1884 they published an article about the study of this thesis, has set both the Nonequilibrium properties that are exploring the mystery of the nervous system to die to the . ambition in 1883, and became George Sherrington at the University of Cambridge under the leadership of Professor Humphrey anatomy lecturer, in 1883 - 1884 winter semester, he taught at St. Thomas Hospital
histology in 1884,Nonequilibrium properties to become the Royal College of Surgeons (member of the Royal College, M. R. C. S.); in the winter of 1884 - 1885, Nonequilibrium properties went to the University of Strasbourg in Goltz under the guidance of the work and learning; in 1885, he was at Cambridge with first class Natural Science Tripos examinations in mechines and wrote about Goltz in dog model on study papers;In the same year he also obtained study at the University of Cambridge (M. B.) degree; in 1886 he obtained the qualifications (Royal College of Physicians, L. R. C. P.) 1885, Nonequilibrium properties as a medical - research members of the Committee of the Society went to Spain to investigate the outbreaks of cholera; in 1886 and went on to Venice, Italy) was carried out in the same survey,the material obtained was then brought to Berlin, a pathologist Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow to work under the guidance of 1885, Nonequilibrium properties as a medical - research members of the Committee of the Society went to Spain to investigate the outbreaks of cholera; in 1886 and went on to Venice, Italy) was carried out in the same survey,the material obtained was then brought to Berlin, a pathologist Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow to work under the guidance of .
Virchow later introduced him to Robert Koch out there for six weeks of the study, and stayed in "Nonequilibrium properties with Koch to do a year of the bacteriological research Virchow later introduced him to Robert Koch out there for six weeks of the study, and stayed in "Nonequilibrium properties with Koch to do a year of the bacteriological research . in 1887, he was appointed a member of st thomas" hospital london and professor of physiology lecturer system, also elected to the University of Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College in 1891 and member of the in 1887, he was appointed a member of st thomas" hospital london and professor of physiology lecturer system, also elected to the University of Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College in 1891 and member of the .
,He was appointed successor to Sir Victor Horsley, London Brown advanced physiology and pathophysiology of the Institute for Research Professor and director ,He was appointed successor to Sir Victor Horsley, London Brown advanced physiology and pathophysiology of the Institute for Research Professor and director . in 1895, he became professor of physiology at the University of Liverpool in the early years when in 1895, he became professor of physiology at the University of Liverpool in the early years when .
Cambridge, Nonequilibrium properties by British physiologist Walter Holbrook Gaskell and Spain neuroscientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal,Nonequilibrium properties in Spain with Cajal met, began to study the Cambridge, Nonequilibrium properties by British physiologist Walter Holbrook Gaskell and Spain neuroscientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal,Nonequilibrium properties in Spain with Cajal met, began to study the . to 1891, he studied the target steering reaction force on the spinal reflex, this problem was a popular topic in the field of to 1891, he studied the target steering reaction force on the spinal reflex, this problem was a popular topic in the field of .
Nonequilibrium properties in the subject, published some papers, and in 1892 - 1894, some of the aims of the innervated muscle of efferent papers Nonequilibrium properties in the subject, published some papers, and in 1892 - 1894, some of the aims of the innervated muscle of efferent papers . ~ 1893 to 1897, he studied the skin receptive field and the distribution of important discoveries,That's the innervated muscle nerve bundles in the 1 / 3 is the outgoing fiber,% by weight of the fiber motion ~ 1893 to 1897, he studied the skin receptive field and the distribution of important discoveries,That's the innervated muscle nerve bundles in the 1 / 3 is the outgoing fiber,% by weight of the fiber motion .
at Liverpool University, he returned to his earlier study of the topic, i.e. the muscle antagonist to innervation of the study, and found that the reflection suppressing antagonistic muscles play an important role in the In addition, he also studied the brain and spinal cord between PTNs In addition, he also studied the brain and spinal cord between PTNs .
American surgeon Harvey Cushing (the Cushing's syndrome), visited his discoverer, Harvey Cushing was still a young man,Nonequilibrium properties and he served 8 months time American surgeon Harvey Cushing (the Cushing's syndrome), visited his discoverer, Harvey Cushing was still a young man,Nonequilibrium properties and he served 8 months time . 1906, Nonequilibrium properties published his monumental work "of the nervous system which integrate the role of" 1906, Nonequilibrium properties published his monumental work "of the nervous system which integrate the role of" .
in 1913, he was appointed as a professor of physiology at the University of Oxford, in Oxford, he lingers here in 1913, he was appointed as a professor of physiology at the University of Oxford, in Oxford, he lingers here . retired in 1936 he wrote the classic "mammalian physiology: internship tutorial", published a work, he is the one student wrote,He is also at the University of Oxford, used as a textbook to teach his students of retired in 1936 he wrote the classic "mammalian physiology: internship tutorial", published a work, he is the one student wrote,He is also at the University of Oxford, used as a textbook to teach his students of .
it was here that he won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2 Nonequilibrium properties in 1893 was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London it was here that he won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2 Nonequilibrium properties in 1893 was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London . 1905 was awarded the Royal Medal of the Royal Medal in 1927, Kao was awarded the Copley Medal of the P - L (Metal),In 1922 he was given the Knight of the Order of the British Empire (in the rank of Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in 1924 and awarded the Order of Merit and Order of Merit) 1905 was awarded the Royal Medal of the Royal Medal in 1927, Kao was awarded the Copley Medal of the P - L (Metal),In 1922 he was given the Knight of the Order of the British Empire (in the rank of Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in 1924 and awarded the Order of Merit and Order of Merit) .
his honorary doctorate of the University of Oxford, University of London, the University of Sheffield, University of Birmingham, Manchester, University of Liverpool, University of Wales, the University of Edinburgh, Glasgow University, the Sorbonne, the University of Strasbourg,Leuven University, Uppsala University, the University of Lyon, Budapest University, University of Athens, the Brussels University, the University of Bern, University of Toronto, University of Montreal and Harvard his honorary doctorate of the University of Oxford, University of London, the University of Sheffield, University of Birmingham, Manchester, University of Liverpool, University of Wales, the University of Edinburgh, Glasgow University, the Sorbonne, the University of Strasbourg,Leuven University, Uppsala University, the University of Lyon, Budapest University, University of Athens, the Brussels University, the University of Bern, University of Toronto, University of Montreal and Harvard . 5 Nonequilibrium properties in his old age he is still vigorous and perceptive 5 Nonequilibrium properties in his old age he is still vigorous and perceptive .
4 March 1952 in Eastbourne and died suddenly from heart failure, aged 95 4 March 1952 in Eastbourne and died suddenly from heart failure, aged 95 . 4 4.
Contribution
Nonequilibrium properties of life in the central nervous system physiology research. They have made outstanding contributions to neurophysiology of many fields of research and his name is inseparable from his Cajal founded the neuron doctrine, based on the fact that in 1897 proposed synapse (SYNAPSE) used this term to describe one neuron to another between the contact site of the neurons, neurons and between neurons and is considered to be a portion of the connecting terminal is communication of information,The site was first used by Cajal horizontal optical microscope histological changes described Cajal founded the neuron doctrine, based on the fact that in 1897 proposed synapse (SYNAPSE) used this term to describe one neuron to another between the contact site of the neurons, neurons and between neurons and is considered to be a portion of the connecting terminal is communication of information,The site was first used by Cajal horizontal optical microscope histological changes described .
Nonequilibrium properties in spinal reflex in the study of great results, he very accurately in the ventral horn of spinal cord is called the motion out of the last highway (final common pathway), and in 1925 was proposed using the movement unit (motor unit) is a term named with a movement function of the basic unit,i.e., a motor neuron and muscle fibers innervated by it of the herd of he was amongst the first to recognize the afferent sensory information in the regulation of motion play an important role in one of the few people he was amongst the first to recognize the afferent sensory information in the regulation of motion play an important role in one of the few people .
1894 he discovered muscular motor nerve contains sensory nerve fibers and cause a contraction of the muscle motor nerve 1894 he discovered muscular motor nerve contains sensory nerve fibers and cause a contraction of the muscle motor nerve . after a visit to the 1893 it has been found that the muscles, tendons, and joints etc. shall be equipped with sensory functions,and put forward the proprioceptive sense (proprioception) is the term he thinks
proprioceptive information by afferent nerve fibers to the central post may decide sarcous tensity proprioceptive information by afferent nerve fibers to the central post may decide sarcous tensity . 1900 he also pointed out that the cerebellum is a proprioceptive system is 1900 he also pointed out that the cerebellum is a proprioceptive system is .
Nonequilibrium properties in 1898 describes the cat of decerebration in spinal reflex study, he developed a useful experimental model to study the spinal cord via Nonequilibrium properties in 1898 describes the cat of decerebration in spinal reflex study, he developed a useful experimental model to study the spinal cord via . with his cat for experimental animals of mesencephalon, inferior colliculus of the brainstem transection between, into the animal's tail, spine stiffened and stretched,Hard as the column, in which he referred to this phenomenon as decerebrate rigidity (rigidity in the lumbosacral dorsal root with his cat for experimental animals of mesencephalon, inferior colliculus of the brainstem transection between, into the animal's tail, spine stiffened and stretched,Hard as the column, in which he referred to this phenomenon as decerebrate rigidity (rigidity in the lumbosacral dorsal root .
When cut after decerebration tonic hindlimb extension ankylosis of the animal, and she says increased contraction of muscles by pulling, so he called the stretch reflex (stretch reflex), and determines the required from the muscle stretch reflex afferents to the spinal cord,outgoing signal and then back again to the muscle stretch reflex When cut after decerebration tonic hindlimb extension ankylosis of the animal, and she says increased contraction of muscles by pulling, so he called the stretch reflex (stretch reflex), and determines the required from the muscle stretch reflex afferents to the spinal cord,outgoing signal and then back again to the muscle stretch reflex . he found the time (in 1924) than finding decerebration he found the time (in 1924) than finding decerebration .
much later in 1893 to 1909, Nonequilibrium properties and his colleagues also found that pulling a muscle, a pulled muscle caused by a group of excitation - contraction may be caused with relaxation of the antagonistic muscle groups, he concluded, a stretch - - which can cause spinal cord motoneurons of excitement within the group, another group of neurons is inhibited,thereby forming a reciprocal innervation much later in 1893 to 1909, Nonequilibrium properties and his colleagues also found that pulling a muscle, a pulled muscle caused by a group of excitation - contraction may be caused with relaxation of the antagonistic muscle groups, he concluded, a stretch - - which can cause spinal cord motoneurons of excitement within the group, another group of neurons is inhibited,thereby forming a reciprocal innervation . This reciprocal innervation of the theory came to be known as This reciprocal innervation of the theory came to be known as .
Sherrington's law due to the stretch reflex in the study and analysis, as well as decerebrate rigidity result of observing the animals, his earliest experience of the stretch reflex in the posture adjustment in importance, thereby laying a foundation for the motion and posture adjustment of the reflection base Sherrington's law due to the stretch reflex in the study and analysis, as well as decerebrate rigidity result of observing the animals, his earliest experience of the stretch reflex in the posture adjustment in importance, thereby laying a foundation for the motion and posture adjustment of the reflection base . he will also stretch receptors called proprioceptors ( he will also stretch receptors called proprioceptors (.
receptor) in consideration of the somatic sensations and the walking motion of the action,Nonequilibrium properties is proposed. Receptors and of the difference, the body is a susceptor within the muscles and joints and can be excited by the body motion, the incoming information from proprioceptors in extraocular muscles with the walking motion of the automatic adjustment related to is located outside the skin, its main function is to accept external stimulation in a walking motion of adjusting is located outside the skin, its main function is to accept external stimulation in a walking motion of adjusting .
this distinction to date suggest that is correct, and despite the fact that the skin of the incoming information can provide important feedback information related to the somatic mammalian this distinction to date suggest that is correct, and despite the fact that the skin of the incoming information can provide important feedback information related to the somatic mammalian . walking outdoors when the persistent use of afferent sensory information to correct their walking style,to treat the different terrains and prevent the occurrence of unpredictable things walking outdoors when the persistent use of afferent sensory information to correct their walking style,to treat the different terrains and prevent the occurrence of unpredictable things .
is used to adjust the walking pattern of afferent sensory information has three types, i.e. from the muscles and skin of somatosensory, vestibular sensory organ of equilibrium and the visual stimulation based on the origin of the and the location of the susceptor, the susceptor Nonequilibrium properties will be divided into an outer susceptor (such as visual, auditory, and olfactory receptors in the skin and the like), such as feelings of visceral information sent by the impulse of the susceptor (susceptor) and the body such as muscles, tendons, joints, etc.) and the labyrinthine receptor
sensillae are usually only with a specific form of energy is most sensitive,This particular form of stimulus, namely a low energy level will be able to activate specific receptors unique form of stimulus, Nonequilibrium properties referred to it by the appropriate stimulation (adequate stimulus) sensillae are usually only with a specific form of energy is most sensitive,This particular form of stimulus, namely a low energy level will be able to activate specific receptors unique form of stimulus, Nonequilibrium properties referred to it by the appropriate stimulation (adequate stimulus) . Nonequilibrium properties also refers to firstly dividing both in cortex motor area, and thereby determine the control of various parts of the body region of the sensory and motor areas Nonequilibrium properties also refers to firstly dividing both in cortex motor area, and thereby determine the control of various parts of the body region of the sensory and motor areas .
Nonequilibrium properties in 19 - 20 century in the anesthetized monkey on the application of the stimulation electrode and recording motor activities used in the method, the surface of the cerebral cortex through the system, which comprises the following steps: Nonequilibrium properties in 19 - 20 century in the anesthetized monkey on the application of the stimulation electrode and recording motor activities used in the method, the surface of the cerebral cortex through the system, which comprises the following steps:. illustrates motor area in the 1940s, Nonequilibrium properties of one student, Canadian neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, alleviate the patients of focal epilepsy surgery, started a similar electrical stimulation method illustrates the patient in the motor cortex, the sensory and language functions of cortical representation, so that the process became one of the first memory may be located in a special area of human evidence is the first person to illustrates motor area in the 1940s, Nonequilibrium properties of one student, Canadian neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, alleviate the patients of focal epilepsy surgery, started a similar electrical stimulation method illustrates the patient in the motor cortex, the sensory and language functions of cortical representation, so that the process became one of the first memory may be located in a special area of human evidence is the first person to .
Furthermore,Habituation is also by Ivan Pavlov and Nonequilibrium properties research finds Furthermore,Habituation is also by Ivan Pavlov and Nonequilibrium properties research finds . Nonequilibrium properties in the study of posture and movement, he observed that after repeated stimulation of the reaction may cause certain reflection, such as limb withdrawal reflex is diminished in reaction reflected the recovery needs of the many seconds after the break, he proposed what he calls (habituation) is due to a repeated stimulus reaches the motor neuron to cause those of the passage of synaptic efficacy in decreasing Nonequilibrium properties in the study of posture and movement, he observed that after repeated stimulation of the reaction may cause certain reflection, such as limb withdrawal reflex is diminished in reaction reflected the recovery needs of the many seconds after the break, he proposed what he calls (habituation) is due to a repeated stimulus reaches the motor neuron to cause those of the passage of synaptic efficacy in decreasing .
in the past on the basis of the work,Nonequilibrium properties in 1906 published his famous book "of the nervous system which integrate the role of" in the past on the basis of the work,Nonequilibrium properties in 1906 published his famous book "of the nervous system which integrate the role of" . who proposed a simple reflex, stereotyped form (fixed) by the movement of the activation of the skin or muscle of the susceptors and cause, is the motion of the basic unit is reflected by the complex sequence may simply reflect the consolidation of the who proposed a simple reflex, stereotyped form (fixed) by the movement of the activation of the skin or muscle of the susceptors and cause, is the motion of the basic unit is reflected by the complex sequence may simply reflect the consolidation of the .
generated this idea in the 20th Century, "a long period of exercise physiology is in guiding principle, and until recently the only correction are now generated this idea in the 20th Century, "a long period of exercise physiology is in guiding principle, and until recently the only correction are now . believes that many of the coordination of movement can in the absence of sensory afferent information under conditions that cause,As walk (or pedal movement of the instrument) or the like in the form of a fixed motion believes that many of the coordination of movement can in the absence of sensory afferent information under conditions that cause,As walk (or pedal movement of the instrument) or the like in the form of a fixed motion .
Nonequilibrium properties is of the view that the nervous system (brain) function, for example, to different types of incoming information and comprehensive analysis, which integrate the functions of the nervous system might be in between excitation and inhibition in the alternative, to decide on the appropriate reaction, Nonequilibrium properties is of the view that the nervous system (brain) function, for example, to different types of incoming information and comprehensive analysis, which integrate the functions of the nervous system might be in between excitation and inhibition in the alternative, to decide on the appropriate reaction, . he thought the decision of the brain is the most basic things he thought the decision of the brain is the most basic things .
these principles now, though relatively simple, but the basic idea is correct, these principles have in the activity of neurons in the triggering process in the tip (such as Ca 2 + influx on neurotransmitter release effect),In the post - synaptic potentials and the plurality of EPSP and IPSP of sum is clearly observed in these principles now, though relatively simple, but the basic idea is correct, these principles have in the activity of neurons in the triggering process in the tip (such as Ca 2 + influx on neurotransmitter release effect),In the post - synaptic potentials and the plurality of EPSP and IPSP of sum is clearly observed in . Nonequilibrium properties of this works have far - reaching impact on modern neurophysiology, especially the brain and nerve disorders in the clinical treatment, had a great impact on Nonequilibrium properties of this works have far - reaching impact on modern neurophysiology, especially the brain and nerve disorders in the clinical treatment, had a great impact on .
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Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine
Nonequilibrium properties due to the nervous system in the research work of outstanding achievements, he and Adrian Edgar (Edgar Douglas Adrian 1932) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nonequilibrium properties due to the nervous system in the research work of outstanding achievements, he and Adrian Edgar (Edgar Douglas Adrian 1932) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . 1 2 1 2.
