![蝴蝶魚[蝴蝶魚科蝴蝶魚屬]](/img/5/970/nBnauM3XzEzM3IjN1gDM3IDN0UTMyITNykTO0EDMwAjMwUzL4AzL0MzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg "蝴蝶魚[蝴蝶魚科蝴蝶魚屬]")
形態特徵
體呈菱形或近於橢圓形，且十分側扁。口小，端位，略可伸縮；頜齒細長，在上下頜形成刷毛狀之狹長齒帶。前鰓蓋骨平滑，但幼魚可能具有鋸齒或被有突棘。體被中或小型之弱櫛鱗或圓鱗。側線完整，呈弧形，但不明顯。幼魚之頭部，因長有骨質板，而被稱之Tholichthys。背鰭連續，硬棘部和軟條部間有淺缺刻；腹鰭胸位，具腋鱗；尾鰭一般截形或圓形。
生活習性
蝴蝶魚大部分都生活在20公尺以內的淺水水域，是很典型的日行性魚類，白天出來找東西吃、交配，晚上才躲在礁洞裡面休息。覓食時，或群游，或成對，或獨游。食性變異大，有的從礁岩表面啄食躲藏在縫隙里的小型無脊椎動物及藻類，有的在水層中撿食浮遊動物，有的只吃活珊瑚的水螅蟲等。行動迅速，稍受驚動即躲入珊瑚礁或岩石縫中。它們生活史中需要經過一段長時間的漂流期，而使得人工繁殖不易成功。
所屬品種
| 烏頂蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon adiergastos | Philippine butterflyfish | |
| 黃蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon andamanensis | ||
| 銀身蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon argentatus | Asian butterflyfish | |
| 點列蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon assarius | West Australian butterflyfish | |
| 金帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon aureofasciatus | Golden butterflyfish | |
| 揚幡蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon auriga | Threadfin butterflyfish | |
| 耳帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon auripes | Oriental butterflyfish | |
| 紅海蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon austriacus | Blacktail butterflyfish | |
| 曲紋蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon baronessa | Eastern triangular butterflyfish | |
| 本氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon bennetti | Bluelashed butterflyfish | |
| 勃氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon blackburnii | Brownburnie | |
| 柏氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon burgessi | Burgess' butterflyfish | |
| 四斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon capistratus | Foureye butterflyfish | |
| 胡麻斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon citrinellus | Speckled butterflyfish | |
| 領蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon collare | Redtail butterflyfish | |
| 繡蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon daedalma | Wrought iron butterflyfish | |
| 斜蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon declivis | Marquesas butterflyfish | |
| 橫紋蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon decussatus | Indian vagabond butterflyfish | |
| 阿曼蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon dialeucos | Oman butterflyfish | |
| 黑緣蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon dolosus | African butterflyfish | |
| 鞍斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon ephippium | Saddle butterflyfish | |
| 紋帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon falcula | Blackwedged butterflyfish | |
| 條紋蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon fasciatus | Diagonal butterflyfish | |
| 黃吻蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon flavirostris | Black butterflyfish | |
| 黃冠蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon flavocoronatus | Yellow-crowned butterflyfish | |
| 藍紋蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon fremblii | Bluestriped butterflyfish | |
| 加氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon gardineri | Gardner's butterflyfish | |
| 貢氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon guentheri | Crochet butterflyfish | |
| 綠側蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon guttatissimus | Peppered butterflyfish | |
| 霍氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon hoefleri | Four-banded butterflyfish | |
| 肩帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon humeralis | Threebanded butterflyfish | |
| 點斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon interruptus | Yellow teardrop butterflyfish | |
| 克氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon kleinii | Sunburst butterflyfish | |
| 怪蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon larvatus | Hooded butterflyfish | |
| 白肋蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon leucopleura | Somali butterflyfish | |
| 紋身蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon lineolatus | Lined butterflyfish | |
| 白梢蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon litus | Easter Island butterflyfish] | |
| 月斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon lunula | Raccoon butterflyfish | |
| 弓月蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon lunulatus | Oval butterflyfish | |
| 馬達加斯加蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon madagascariensis | Seychelles butterflyfish | |
| 馬利蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon marleyi | Doublesash butterflyfish | |
| 黑背蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon melannotus | Blackback butterflyfish | |
| 黑鰭蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon melapterus | Arabian butterflyfish | |
| 默氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon mertensii | Atoll butterflyfish | |
| 中白蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon mesoleucos | White-face butterflyfish | |
| 麥氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon meyeri | Scrawled butterflyfish | |
| 粟點蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon miliaris | Millet butterflyfish | |
| 僧帽蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon mitratus | Indian butterflyfish | |
| 多帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon multicinctus | Pebbled butterflyfish | |
| 黑斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon nigropunctatus | Black-spotted butterflyfish | |
| 日本蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon nippon | Japanese butterflyfish | |
| 鰭斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon ocellatus | Spotfin butterflyfish | |
| 尾點蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon ocellicaudus | Spot-tail butterflyfish | |
| 八帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon octofasciatus | Eightband butterflyfish | |
| 華麗蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon ornatissimus | Ornate butterflyfish | |
| 尖頭蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon oxycephalus | Spot-nape butterflyfish | |
| 稀帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon paucifasciatus | Eritrean butterflyfish | |
| 夕陽蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon pelewensis | Sunset butterflyfish | |
| 馬掌蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon pictus | Horseshoe butterflyfish | |
| 藍斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon plebeius | Blueblotch butterflyfish | |
| 點斑橫帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon punctatofasciatus | Spotband butterflyfish | |
| 四點蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon quadrimaculatus | Fourspot butterflyfish | |
| 雷氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon rafflesii | Latticed butterflyfish | |
| 林氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon rainfordi | Rainford's butterflyfish | |
| 網紋蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon reticulatus | Mailed butterflyfish | |
| 強壯蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon robustus | Three-banded butterflyfish | |
| 聖赫拿蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon sanctaehelenae | Saint Helena butterflyfish | |
| 礁蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon sedentarius | Reef butterflyfish | |
| 彎月蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon selene | Yellow-dotted butterflyfish | |
| 點綴蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon semeion | Dotted butterflyfish | |
| 黃色蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon semilarvatus | Bluecheek butterflyfish | |
| 史氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon smithi | Smith's butterflyfish | |
| 鏡斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon speculum | Mirror butterflyfish | |
| 條帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon striatus | Banded butterflyfish | |
| 丁氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon tinkeri | Hawaiian butterflyfish | |
| 三角蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon triangulum | Triangle butterflyfish | |
| 三色蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon trichrous | Tahiti butterflyfish | |
| 波帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon tricinctus | Three-striped butterflyfish | |
| 三紋蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon trifascialis | Chevron butterflyfish | |
| 三帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon trifasciatus | Melon butterflyfish | |
| 烏利蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon ulietensis | Pacific double-saddle butterflyfish | |
| 單斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon unimaculatus | Teardrop butterflyfish | |
| 飄浮蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon vagabundus | Vagabond butterflyfish | |
| 魏氏蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon wiebeli | Hongkong butterflyfish | |
| 黃頭蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon xanthocephalus | Yellowhead butterflyfish | |
| 紅尾蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon xanthurus | Pearlscale butterflyfish | |
| 桑吉巴蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon zanzibarensis | Zanzibar butterflyfish |
