Historical Evolution
The Pre - Independence
9th - 10th century, the Tajik national basic form, is Central Asia, an ancient nation 9th - 10th century, the Tajik national basic form, is Central Asia, an ancient nation . 9 century, of the Tajik peoples, cultures, customs, this is the place where the centuries - long historical period 10 9 century, of the Tajik peoples, cultures, customs, this is the place where the centuries - long historical period 10 .
13th century joined the Ghaznavid kingdom and Khorezm 13th century joined the Ghaznavid kingdom and Khorezm . 13th century Mongol conquest of the Tatars is 13th century Mongol conquest of the Tatars is .
16th century added the khanate of Bokhara 16th century added the khanate of Bokhara . 1868, Samarkand and Fergana provinces in the northern parts of that province incorporated into Russia, south of Bukhara Khanate Russian vassal 1868, Samarkand and Fergana provinces in the northern parts of that province incorporated into Russia, south of Bukhara Khanate Russian vassal .
After Independence
in Nov 1917 and February 1918, the northern region and established the Soviet regime, were added to the soil's autonomous republic in Nov 1917 and February 1918, the northern region and established the Soviet regime, were added to the soil's autonomous republic . 1920 Bukhara People's Revolution, announced the establishment of the Soviet Republic of Bukhara 1920 Bukhara People's Revolution, announced the establishment of the Soviet Republic of Bukhara .
1924 on Oct. 14, establishing the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was under the jurisdiction of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic ( 1929 on Oct. 16, the founding of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, On December 5
joined the Soviet Union between 24 August 1990,in the Tajik Supreme Soviet adopted the Republic via joined the Soviet Union between 24 August 1990,in the Tajik Supreme Soviet adopted the Republic via . the end of August 1991 and renamed as the Republic of Tajikistan, on 9 September of that year, the proclamation of the independence of the Republic of Tajikistan, it is determined that the date for the republic's independence day, 21 December to join the CIS the end of August 1991 and renamed as the Republic of Tajikistan, on 9 September of that year, the proclamation of the independence of the Republic of Tajikistan, it is determined that the date for the republic's independence day, 21 December to join the CIS .
Tajikistan declared its independence on 9 September 1991, the domestic various political, religious, and local interests in the intensification of the struggle, causing continuing instability in the Tajikistan declared its independence on 9 September 1991, the domestic various political, religious, and local interests in the intensification of the struggle, causing continuing instability in the . in May 1992, of the rebel militias and the Government of the National Guard in the event of an armed conflict, Nabi's decided opposition to concessions when the situation eased in May 1992, of the rebel militias and the Government of the National Guard in the event of an armed conflict, Nabi's decided opposition to concessions when the situation eased .
in November 1992,In Russia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan capital in November 1992,In Russia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan capital . substantially restore order in December 1992, the city of Dushanbe and the Gissar Self - Defense Forces militiamen and violent armed conflicts substantially restore order in December 1992, the city of Dushanbe and the Gissar Self - Defense Forces militiamen and violent armed conflicts .
16 February 1994, the United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan office that was established with the task of supervising the military and political situation in Tajikistan, but cannot intervene in the internal affairs of the 16 February 1994, the United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan office that was established with the task of supervising the military and political situation in Tajikistan, but cannot intervene in the internal affairs of the . in 1997, according to the outcome of the negotiations, Tajikistan to re - perform the power combination, dissolution of the opposition armed groups, engaged in the civil war and political confrontation. "Who,to ensure the return of refugees and the release of the political activities of
restricted in July 1998, the four members of the United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan is carrying out routine patrols in the gulf, by unidentified militants attacked and killed restricted in July 1998, the four members of the United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan is carrying out routine patrols in the gulf, by unidentified militants attacked and killed . 1 January 1998, the opposition announced once the temporary withdrawal of the Commission on national reconciliation, the government in implementing the agreements has not taken any action to 1 January 1998, the opposition announced once the temporary withdrawal of the Commission on national reconciliation, the government in implementing the agreements has not taken any action to .
February, Emomali Rakhmonov has appointed opposition of some members of the Cabinet of Ministers February, Emomali Rakhmonov has appointed opposition of some members of the Cabinet of Ministers . 31 March 2000, two and a half years of the Commission on national reconciliation in Tajikistan country successfully held its presidential election after the end of the mission,and stopping activities 31 March 2000, two and a half years of the Commission on national reconciliation in Tajikistan country successfully held its presidential election after the end of the mission,and stopping activities .
Administrative Divisions
Regionalization
the country is divided into three states (provinces), and one or more of the regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government one: Gorno - Badakshan oblast, Sughd, and Khatlon Oblast, and the central region and the city of Dushanbe the country is divided into three states (provinces), and one or more of the regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government one: Gorno - Badakshan oblast, Sughd, and Khatlon Oblast, and the central region and the city of Dushanbe .
Major Cities
the capital, Dushanbe, located at latitude 38 degrees north and longitude 68. 8 degrees, sits on the banks of the river Varzob Kaffir and Pyanj rivers mark between the Gissar basin, situated at an altitude of 750 - 930 metres above sea level and covering an area of 125 km2 summer maximum temperatures can reach 40 C, the minimum - 73 summer maximum temperatures can reach 40 C, the minimum - 73 .
20 C. with a population of 1.05 million (January 2012), which is overwhelmingly ethnic groups - uzbeks, other nationalities were Tartars, Russians, Ukrainians etc. Dushanbe is the country's political, industrial, scientific and cultural and educational center of the city's street Dushanbe is the country's political, industrial, scientific and cultural and educational center of the city's street .
rectangular grid - like layout,most of the bungalow buildings against earthquake rectangular grid - like layout,most of the bungalow buildings against earthquake . administrative and educational and cultural institutes in the city centre, south of downtown and west to the new industrial area and residential area of the city divided into administrative and educational and cultural institutes in the city centre, south of downtown and west to the new industrial area and residential area of the city divided into .
Frunze, October, railway zone and the central part of the four areas of the city of Dushanbe Frunze, October, railway zone and the central part of the four areas of the city of Dushanbe . account for 1 / 3 account for 1 / 3 .
Hu Zhan De northern Sughd Hu Zhan De northern Sughd ., the capital of the state on the north of the Syr Darya River, from the 7th century the famous , the capital of the state on the north of the Syr Darya River, from the 7th century the famous .
formerly Leninabad formerly Leninabad . 2013 City has a population of 15. 43 million, has a population of 15 million
Kurgan southern Khatlon Oblast is located in the north - western part of the state capital of Kurgan southern Khatlon Oblast is located in the north - western part of the state capital of .,Vakhsh river plains ,Vakhsh river plains .
2013 with a population of 5.76 million, has a population of 5. 81 million Khorog eastern Gorno - Bader Shang city capital of the Autonomous Prefecture of Khorog eastern Gorno - Bader Shang city capital of the Autonomous Prefecture of .
2000 meters, is located in the southwest part of the state, and the Panj River at the confluence of the Gunt 2000 meters, is located in the southwest part of the state, and the Panj River at the confluence of the Gunt . located near Kulyab in the Khatlon Oblast in the southeast city of located near Kulyab in the Khatlon Oblast in the southeast city of .
. 1934 said 2013 had a population of 52 million people, has a population of 8. 47 million people in the country's central and western cities of the Republic of Tajikistan
. located east of the city of Dushanbe, in the Vakhsh basin located east of the city of Dushanbe, in the Vakhsh basin .
due to Luo of the project is established,From 1986 onwards referred to as the Municipal due to Luo of the project is established,From 1986 onwards referred to as the Municipal . 2013 with a population of 9,100 people, has a population of about 9,000 people in the western city of Tajikistan Nurek 2013 with a population of 9,100 people, has a population of about 9,000 people in the western city of Tajikistan Nurek .
. located southeast of the city of Dushanbe, bordering the waters of the Vakhsh river located southeast of the city of Dushanbe, bordering the waters of the Vakhsh river .
2013 had a population of 85 million people, the town's total population of 84 million people 2013 had a population of 85 million people, the town's total population of 84 million people . Tours loose Farzad located directly under the central government are west of the district, close to the Uzbekistan border Tours loose Farzad located directly under the central government are west of the district, close to the Uzbekistan border .
2013 with a population of 3. 83 million people, 3. 79 - million - person 
Ethnic Population
As of January 1, 2014, the population of Tajikistan 816. 04 million accounted for 80% Tajiks, Uzbeks, accounted for 8 per cent, Russians accounted for 1% Tajiks, Uzbeks, accounted for 8 per cent, Russians accounted for 1% .
Furthermore, Pamir, Tatar, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Kazakh, Ukrainian, Belarus, Armenia and other nationalities in Furthermore, Pamir, Tatar, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Kazakh, Ukrainian, Belarus, Armenia and other nationalities in . The inhabitants practice Islam, majority of them were Sunni, belongs to the Pamiri Ismaili Shia tribe The inhabitants practice Islam, majority of them were Sunni, belongs to the Pamiri Ismaili Shia tribe .
A Basic Overview
Tajik people in Central Asia, an ancient nation Tajik people in Central Asia, an ancient nation . the country's economy is relatively weak, single variety structure, post - Soviet political and economic crisis of the years of civil war and making its national economy, and farming and economic losses totaled more than $70 the country's economy is relatively weak, single variety structure, post - Soviet political and economic crisis of the years of civil war and making its national economy, and farming and economic losses totaled more than $70 .
starting in 1997, the economic recovery, from the beginning of the new century and issued a new currency, stable and perfect the national financial system starting in 1997, the economic recovery, from the beginning of the new century and issued a new currency, stable and perfect the national financial system . 20 September 2011, China and the Republic of Tajikistan on behalf of the frontier in the Pamirs of China No. 75 in the tower pillar is being held at the new boundary demarcation ceremony
Geographical Environment
Horizon Location
Tajikistan is a landlocked country located in the southeast of Central Asia (north latitude and 40 to 41 05 '00 "north, longitude 67 31 - 75') 14 between the prefecture covers an area of 14.31 sq km to the west and north respectively with Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan is bordered to the east in China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, on the south by Afghanistan with Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan is bordered to the east in China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, on the south by Afghanistan .
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Terrain
the surrounding hills, mountains and plateaus account for 90 per cent, about half of them in more than 3000 metres above sea level, with the Mountain State, "said the surrounding hills, mountains and plateaus account for 90 per cent, about half of them in more than 3000 metres above sea level, with the Mountain State, "said . in the north of the Tianshan Mountains, the Altai Mountains in the east - west, south - east to the snow - clad Pamirs, communism is the highest peak, with an altitude of 7495 metres in the north of the Tianshan Mountains, the Altai Mountains in the east - west, south - east to the snow - clad Pamirs, communism is the highest peak, with an altitude of 7495 metres .
north is the Fergana valley in the western margin of the Vakhsh valley in southwest China, Gissar Valley and the Panj valley north is the Fergana valley in the western margin of the Vakhsh valley in southwest China, Gissar Valley and the Panj valley .
Hydrological
Most rivers belong to the Aral Sea river system, mainly composed of the Syr Darya, Amu Darya, Shang River, the waters of the Vakhsh River and Phil's Gan Most rivers belong to the Aral Sea river system, mainly composed of the Syr Darya, Amu Darya, Shang River, the waters of the Vakhsh River and Phil's Gan . .
lakes considerable hydropower resources are mostly located in the Pamirs lakes considerable hydropower resources are mostly located in the Pamirs . Kara's largest lake, the lake is situated at an altitude of meters Kara's largest lake, the lake is situated at an altitude of meters .
3965 3965.
Climate
Tajikistan throughout a typical continental climate in spring, and winter snow is relatively large;summer and autumn is dry and rainless months. The annual precipitation is 150 - 250 mm high mountains with altitude increase continental climate worsening, the North - South is large; and high mountains with altitude increase continental climate worsening, the North - South is large; and .
throughout a typical continental climate, and January 2 - -;July average temperature is 23 C. to 30. degree. C. 150 ~ 250 mm of annual precipitation 150 ~ 250 mm of annual precipitation .
western Pamir mountains covered by snow, formed by giant glaciers western Pamir mountains covered by snow, formed by giant glaciers .
Natural Climate
All belong to the typical continental climate, high mountains with altitude increase continental climate worsening, the North - South is large; and All belong to the typical continental climate, high mountains with altitude increase continental climate worsening, the North - South is large; and . throughout a typical continental climate, and January 2 - -;July average temperature is 23 C. to 30. degree. C.
150 ~ 250 mm of annual precipitation 150 ~ 250 mm of annual precipitation . western Pamir mountains covered by snow, formed by giant glaciers western Pamir mountains covered by snow, formed by giant glaciers .
territory of floristics and animal species, only 5,000 plant species territory of floristics and animal species, only 5,000 plant species .
Resources
Mineral resources of uranium, accounting for reserves of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS);Secondly there are lead, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, antimony, strontium, gold, oil, natural gas, coal, rock salt, fluorite and the like also contains a variety of materials in the territory of the Mineral resources of uranium, accounting for reserves of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS);Secondly there are lead, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, antimony, strontium, gold, oil, natural gas, coal, rock salt, fluorite and the like also contains a variety of materials in the territory of the . .
The explored reserves of hydropower resources per capita in the world The explored reserves of hydropower resources per capita in the world . industrial output is typically present in an amount of more than half of GDP Social industrial output is typically present in an amount of more than half of GDP Social .
main departments have mining, light industry, food, non - ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, machine manufacturing and electronics industry of natural resources for the main departments have mining, light industry, food, non - ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, machine manufacturing and electronics industry of natural resources for the . nonferrous metals (lead, zinc, tungsten, antimony, mercury and the like), rare metals, coal, rock salt, in addition to the petroleum, natural gas, and a variety of materials rich in uranium reserves are among the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) nonferrous metals (lead, zinc, tungsten, antimony, mercury and the like), rare metals, coal, rock salt, in addition to the petroleum, natural gas, and a variety of materials rich in uranium reserves are among the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) .
uranium, lead, zinc occupied Central Asia's first uranium, lead, zinc occupied Central Asia's first .
National Symbol
Flies The Flag Of The People's Republic Of China
Tajikistan's flag was a rectangular shape, length and width ratio of about 2: 1 Tajikistan's flag was a rectangular shape, length and width ratio of about 2: 1 . NSC is red, white, green, three parallel horizontal rectangles is composed of a white intermediate portion having a crown and seven equally spaced NSC is red, white, green, three parallel horizontal rectangles is composed of a white intermediate portion having a crown and seven equally spaced .
pentagram symbolise the victory of the red, green symbolizes prosperity and hope, the white represents faith;crown pattern of pentagrams and symbol of national independence and sovereignty and pentagram symbolise the victory of the red, green symbolizes prosperity and hope, the white represents faith;crown pattern of pentagrams and symbol of national independence and sovereignty and . Tajikistan in 1929 and became a constituent republic of the USSR, in 1953, beginning at the upper portion of the yellow star and sickle, hammer pattern on the lower part of the white and green stripes of red flag Tajikistan in 1929 and became a constituent republic of the USSR, in 1953, beginning at the upper portion of the yellow star and sickle, hammer pattern on the lower part of the white and green stripes of red flag .
on 9 September 1991 declaration of independence, and adopted the current flag of on 9 September 1991 declaration of independence, and adopted the current flag of .
National Emblem
Tajikistan National: Tajikistan National: . round in before the sun is to the Pamirs, on five stacking crown and the seven - pointed star in the next book is round in before the sun is to the Pamirs, on five stacking crown and the seven - pointed star in the next book is .
a peripheral to the red, white and green tricolour ribbon are bound in the ears of wheat and cotton a peripheral to the red, white and green tricolour ribbon are bound in the ears of wheat and cotton .
Political
Polity
column independent political turmoil after the implementation of the single column independent political turmoil after the implementation of the single . presidential system in the third year of the outbreak of the Civil War, on 27 June 1997, the United Nations and Russia, Iran and other countries, negotiated by President Emomali Rakhmonov and opposition leader Abdullo Nuri signed in Moscow on the tower with a view to achieving peace and national reconciliation of the general agreement on the national reconciliation process begun presidential system in the third year of the outbreak of the Civil War, on 27 June 1997, the United Nations and Russia, Iran and other countries, negotiated by President Emomali Rakhmonov and opposition leader Abdullo Nuri signed in Moscow on the tower with a view to achieving peace and national reconciliation of the general agreement on the national reconciliation process begun .
on 26 September 1999, the tower will be a referendum on constitutional changes, including modifying the terms remain secular polity, and allowed the establishment of religious political parties, owing to the introduction of a bicameral parliament, the president for a term of seven years, 2010 on 26 September 1999, the tower will be a referendum on constitutional changes, including modifying the terms remain secular polity, and allowed the establishment of religious political parties, owing to the introduction of a bicameral parliament, the president for a term of seven years, 2010 . 2 months late, held the tower's lower house of parliament,the ruling PDP won 63 seats in the House of Commons with 43 of the 2 months late, held the tower's lower house of parliament,the ruling PDP won 63 seats in the House of Commons with 43 of the .
Constitution
1999 Sep. Oct. 26, by means of a popular referendum on a new constitution, on 1994 - 11 of the Constitution amended with the new constitution contains provisions on the tower in a secular, democratic, law - governed state;presidentialisms;President is the Head of State, Heads of Government and Commander - in - Chief of the Armed Forces, by directly elected for a term or a year new constitution contains provisions on the tower in a secular, democratic, law - governed state;presidentialisms;President is the Head of State, Heads of Government and Commander - in - Chief of the Armed Forces, by directly elected for a term or a year .
7 according to the Decision of 22 June referendum amendment to the Constitution, the new president is elected for a term of 7 years, renewable once 7 according to the Decision of 22 June referendum amendment to the Constitution, the new president is elected for a term of 7 years, renewable once .
Parliament
"_ the Ollie (МT sluglike Analysis ф je je 3ПО today we c '), which means the highest Conference with a bicameral parliament, the country's supreme representative and legislative organs of the House of Lords "_ the Ollie (МT sluglike Analysis ф je je 3ПО today we c '), which means the highest Conference with a bicameral parliament, the country's supreme representative and legislative organs of the House of Lords . called" Majlis - Miri "(МT sluglike Analysis ф л today we reformed we je je c'), intended for the national court, the House of Commons called" Majlis - Na Mo Yang Dagan "(МT sluglike Analysis ф je 'c' 'uel sluglike м?? called" Majlis - Miri "(МT sluglike Analysis ф л today we reformed we je je c'), intended for the national court, the House of Commons called" Majlis - Na Mo Yang Dagan "(МT sluglike Analysis ф je 'c' 'uel sluglike м?? .
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wherein Sughd, and Khatlon, Gorno - Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast one, by the central region and in Dushanbe city council are selected each of the five - person, presidentially appointed eight people,Kamov Mach Tower's first president of the House of Lords as a life senators wherein Sughd, and Khatlon, Gorno - Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast one, by the central region and in Dushanbe city council are selected each of the five - person, presidentially appointed eight people,Kamov Mach Tower's first president of the House of Lords as a life senators . Jaitley's main functions are to: determine, modify, revoke the national administrative divisions;According to the Constitutional Court and ousted the president proposed the election of the President, Vice - President of the Supreme Court, the Vice - President of the Court, the Attorney - General, the Deputy Prosecutor General and Speaker of the House of Lords Jaitley's main functions are to: determine, modify, revoke the national administrative divisions;According to the Constitutional Court and ousted the president proposed the election of the President, Vice - President of the Supreme Court, the Vice - President of the Court, the Attorney - General, the Deputy Prosecutor General and Speaker of the House of Lords .
is the mayor of Dushanbe, and around the town of Baidoa (Du's interior minister, mafenidaqetat. BУ 3б sluglike Analysis of Tap je je y) effect, with the Commons set to 63 seats, including 41 according to the local constituency elected by voters, 22 by the parties in the elections - - more than 5% of the party elected for a five - year term in the House of Commons effect, with the Commons set to 63 seats, including 41 according to the local constituency elected by voters, 22 by the parties in the elections - - more than 5% of the party elected for a five - year term in the House of Commons .
's main functions are to: Committee on elections and referendums;a point of law to the attention of the referendum;the approval of the national economic and social development plans;and obtaining the approval of the issuing State loans;Presidential approval like 's main functions are to: Committee on elections and referendums;a point of law to the attention of the referendum;the approval of the national economic and social development plans;and obtaining the approval of the issuing State loans;Presidential approval like . now on the floor of the house, lower houses, respectively on March 25, 2010 and Feb. 28, 2010
elected in March, Hu Shu Zu Rove (CASAS 0.З 640x y y р о effect, with the Speaker of the parliament) elected President tower give the pdpt, led 43 seats, the Communist Party, the Islamic Revival Party, Party of Agricultural and Economic Reform Party 2 seats that are occupied by non - party personages, accounting for 12 seats on the tower give the pdpt, led 43 seats, the Communist Party, the Islamic Revival Party, Party of Agricultural and Economic Reform Party 2 seats that are occupied by non - party personages, accounting for 12 seats on the .
Government
Tripoli's main member includes: Premier Rasool Zada, First Deputy Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea, Skuratov Road (МT. 14.395 sluglike л 2.90μm Tap and the inertia effect of the inertia effect of the alpha), Deputy Prime Minister Mu. Arima Erdan (МT. 2А л today м sluglike р до??) and Liviu Kurban Nova (. sigma.2 К y р sluglike?? The untapped group effect, with the alpha female), the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan, who was part of the Riphean (Х 0.З sluglike р today ф today), the Secretary of Defense William Ashe (CASAS. Х sluglike р y je je о effect), the Minister of the Interior pull Salim (Р02. Р02 sluglike 640x м о today is oil), and the Attorney - General, Amre Munger Grigoriev (. МT?? г л today is oil),Economic development and trade minister Abdel Rahim Muhammad, Javaid Jah Bahadur (CASAS. Р02 sluglike 640x today м breaks Analysis of Tap to2013, Shamsudeen Nazir on Moody's move to Support. CНТ sluglike ф м y Analysis Analysis today?? The untapped group effect), the transport minister, Ha of G.V. Akimov (H. Х alpha kappa м о today is oil), energy and industry minister, Gullah homes (CASAS. je f - y), the culture minister, Rory (МT. 2А c р о р today), the Minister for Education, Keanu Sai (R. H. С sluglike до today is oil), the Minister of Health, Knudsen was a muff (H. С sluglike л м о effect today), agriculture and nature protection minister Patricia Kasimov (К. К sluglike hallux м о group effect, c),Labour and Social Security Minister, Perminov motor (МT. МT sluglike 640x м sluglike Analysis sluglike м today?? The untapped group effect), soil improvement and water resources minister Mykola Baba Carlo Aronoff (. sigma.2 of a kappa alpha Б Tap Tap Tap Tap je?? there is oil), the National Security Council Chairman Lindsay Lohan Artie (С Prominent 2.90μm м о today is oil), national investment and state - owned assets management committee chairman, Mr Dorf (14.395. С sluglike до today is oil), National Bank of Abu Ali al - Grinov (2А. CASAS today?? The untapped р today wanting)
Judicial
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Political Party
in early August 1999 tower combined with the demilitarization of armed opposition shortly after the tower of the Ministry of Justice officially lifted the ban on opposition political party activities in early August 1999 tower combined with the demilitarization of armed opposition shortly after the tower of the Ministry of Justice officially lifted the ban on opposition political party activities . 9 - 26 to the tower by means of a popular referendum on the constitutional amendment allows for the establishment of religious political parties including the nature of the content, there are mainly eight political parties that: (1) (H PPD sluglike р?? 9 - 26 to the tower by means of a popular referendum on the constitutional amendment allows for the establishment of religious political parties including the nature of the content, there are mainly eight political parties that: (1) (H PPD sluglike р?? .
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): formerly the BJP, on 10 December 1994, established in June 1997 and renamed it Solidarity Party (HADEP) ): formerly the BJP, on 10 December 1994, established in June 1997 and renamed it Solidarity Party (HADEP) . Programme is a social powers participating in the national health management,development in a variety of ownership on the basis of the national economy, improve people's lives, while protecting the rights and freedoms, with a view to building a sovereign, democratic, lawful, secular and unitary State Programme is a social powers participating in the national health management,development in a variety of ownership on the basis of the national economy, improve people's lives, while protecting the rights and freedoms, with a view to building a sovereign, democratic, lawful, secular and unitary State .
its priority task is to consolidate national reconciliation, democracy and social development, the profound political, economic, and social reform, the rule of law and political and cultural construction and development of national spirit, resolutely crack down on crime, terrorism and illicit drug trafficking, in opposition to the political, cultural, geographical, ethnic, racial, and religious areas such as any form of extremism, establishing friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and for safeguarding the interests of the state, with the rest of the world and international organizations in economic development,Political, cultural cooperation its priority task is to consolidate national reconciliation, democracy and social development, the profound political, economic, and social reform, the rule of law and political and cultural construction and development of national spirit, resolutely crack down on crime, terrorism and illicit drug trafficking, in opposition to the political, cultural, geographical, ethnic, racial, and religious areas such as any form of extremism, establishing friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and for safeguarding the interests of the state, with the rest of the world and international organizations in economic development,Political, cultural cooperation . existing party members about 13 million people in the country's major cities and district branches existing party members about 13 million people in the country's major cities and district branches .
Towers were built in the lower house of parliament in occupy 43 seats Towers were built in the lower house of parliament in occupy 43 seats . President Emomali Rakhmonov in April 1998 as party chairman to date President Emomali Rakhmonov in April 1998 as party chairman to date .
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on 21 September of that year renamed Socialists on 21 September of that year renamed Socialists . on 19 January 1992 and to resume a former nam on 19 January 1992 and to resume a former nam .
June 1996 the tower has convened the 23rd Congress, enacted the new Party Constitution, whose objectives are to:in solidarity on a voluntary basis, to freedom and equality of socialism and communism is the target of representatives from all sections of society, creatively uses Marxist - Leninist ideological achievements and social progress, to defend the interests of the majority of the people June 1996 the tower has convened the 23rd Congress, enacted the new Party Constitution, whose objectives are to:in solidarity on a voluntary basis, to freedom and equality of socialism and communism is the target of representatives from all sections of society, creatively uses Marxist - Leninist ideological achievements and social progress, to defend the interests of the majority of the people . performed aimed at the consolidation of the state - owned, collective and private ownership of such reforms, the establishment of a socially oriented market economy, giving priority to energy, transport and the high - tech, boost employment, reduce inequality and improve the lives of the people, safeguard the rights of persons, free and comprehensive development performed aimed at the consolidation of the state - owned, collective and private ownership of such reforms, the establishment of a socially oriented market economy, giving priority to energy, transport and the high - tech, boost employment, reduce inequality and improve the lives of the people, safeguard the rights of persons, free and comprehensive development .
respecting social equality and diversity, guarantee that such workers enjoy the right to equality and free education, free medical care and social welfare, respecting social equality and diversity, guarantee that such workers enjoy the right to equality and free education, free medical care and social welfare,. exploitation and eradication of the phenomenon of the country's sovereignty and independence, and actively with the international community in the development of mutually beneficial cooperation exploitation and eradication of the phenomenon of the country's sovereignty and independence, and actively with the international community in the development of mutually beneficial cooperation .
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): established in October 1990 and ): established in October 1990 and . aims to establish a theocratic Islamic state, at the same time containing provisions advocate adherence to the secular state system, making the current national Constitution aims to establish a theocratic Islamic state, at the same time containing provisions advocate adherence to the secular state system, making the current national Constitution .
party is determined as a primary goal: the maintenance of political, economic,culture of the independence and territorial unity and integrity, and achieve lasting peace, national reconciliation and of fraternal nationalities live together in peace and is committed to the development of Islam, and the highest values of humankind, on the basis of the revival of religious values and customs of the peoples of the tower, promoting the social and democratic development, firmly oppose national cadres in the "cronyism" party is determined as a primary goal: the maintenance of political, economic,culture of the independence and territorial unity and integrity, and achieve lasting peace, national reconciliation and of fraternal nationalities live together in peace and is committed to the development of Islam, and the highest values of humankind, on the basis of the revival of religious values and customs of the peoples of the tower, promoting the social and democratic development, firmly oppose national cadres in the "cronyism" . of the party's main social basis in rural of the party's main social basis in rural .
tower since the outbreak of the civil war to become the armed core joint opposition, in June 1993 and was disbanded by the August 1999 tower since the outbreak of the civil war to become the armed core joint opposition, in June 1993 and was disbanded by the August 1999 . opposition leader Abdullo Nuri Sai (by C. H y р) today announced to abandon armed, the party was de - inhibited the activities of the
and in September 1998,In the second congress of the party, elected Chairman Nuri and in September 1998,In the second congress of the party, elected Chairman Nuri . Nuri in August 2006 after the death of the original first vice - chairman Mu. Cabiri (МT. К sluglike 3б today р today) was elected party chairman
existing members and about 4, at the current session of the parliament seats 2 existing members and about 4, at the current session of the parliament seats 2 . (4), the Party of Democratic Socialism С о 2Ⅱ,4 'alpha' je c 2.90μm В95п.ч we c kappa alpha
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advocates for social equality, human rights, especially the lower - middle - class workers of the rights and interests, and oppose the exploitation of man by man;promote the establishment of the rule of law country, strengthen democratic construction and improve the national economy, trying to recover from the economic crisis, improve people's livelihood;reform of personnel policy, social justice, the fight against corruption;Each tower to respect national history, cultural tradition, advocates common development of the Government of National Unity and Transition in the Democratic Republic and Chairman of advocates for social equality, human rights, especially the lower - middle - class workers of the rights and interests, and oppose the exploitation of man by man;promote the establishment of the rule of law country, strengthen democratic construction and improve the national economy, trying to recover from the economic crisis, improve people's livelihood;reform of personnel policy, social justice, the fight against corruption;Each tower to respect national history, cultural tradition, advocates common development of the Government of National Unity and Transition in the Democratic Republic and Chairman of . original, Mr. Jia's 1999 Mar's death - - homes, Mr. Jia (CASAS. К?? Analysis ф sluglike wanting
) as Acting Chairman in August 2004, the party split as's' School "and" addition "Rove sent" ) as Acting Chairman in August 2004, the party split as's' School "and" addition "Rove sent" . pro "addition" Rove faction "in the Ministry of Justice was approved for registration, and Chairman, adding a Rove 2А. Gamma Alpha phi phi alpha р о wanting
metres) Nalco Erman (МT. CНТ sluglike р breaks today is oil) represented by N. 's' School" has to date failed to obtain legal status Furthermore,And the Social Democrats, the party of economic reform, democratic, agricultural and other party Furthermore,And the Social Democrats, the party of economic reform, democratic, agricultural and other party .
Dignitaries
President Imomali Rakhmon, (1952) President Imomali Rakhmon, (1952) . 10 - 5 and was born in Kulyab state (now state) of the town of Danghara, Tajik 10 - 5 and was born in Kulyab state (now state) of the town of Danghara, Tajik .
from 1971 to 1974 in the former Soviet Union Pacific Fleet from 1971 to 1974 in the former Soviet Union Pacific Fleet . graduated from the Tajik National University Department of Economics in 1988 ~ 1992 graduated from the Tajik National University Department of Economics in 1988 ~ 1992 .
Ren Danghara District Lenin farm Ren Danghara District Lenin farm . 1990 election to the Supreme Soviet deputies tower 1990 election to the Supreme Soviet deputies tower .
1992 Kulybskaya Oblast 'Ren, the president of the soviet of peoples deputies,In the same year, on 19 November, the tower was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the 1992 Kulybskaya Oblast 'Ren, the president of the soviet of peoples deputies,In the same year, on 19 November, the tower was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the . on 6 November 1994, the elected president by referendum tower on 6 November 1994, the elected president by referendum tower .
1999 Nov. 6, 2006, on November 6, 2013 November 6 reelection three times this year's 7 - year term .
is married with nine children is married with nine children . Premier Rasool Zoltar (1961) Premier Rasool Zoltar (1961) .
3 March 18, 2009,November 23, 2013 3 March 18, 2009,November 23, 2013 . take up the post of Prime Minister of Tajikistan parliament Mach Mudd's Ubai Du Loyew take up the post of Prime Minister of Tajikistan parliament Mach Mudd's Ubai Du Loyew .
1 February 1952 and was born in Kulyab state (now state) Farr Hall area, Tajik 1 February 1952 and was born in Kulyab state (now state) Farr Hall area, Tajik . 1970,1974 in Tajik Polytechnic Institute and is a graduate of the Kharkiv Institute of Technology in electrical engineering from 1970,1974 in Tajik Polytechnic Institute and is a graduate of the Kharkiv Institute of Technology in electrical engineering from .
1974 worked for Statistics Kulybskaya Oblast ' 1974 worked for Statistics Kulybskaya Oblast '. 1979 - 1983 Deputy Director - General of the Municipal Party Committee secretary and Kulyab 1979 - 1983 Deputy Director - General of the Municipal Party Committee secretary and Kulyab .
1983 ~ 1986 served as deputy director of the Central Bureau of Statistics tower 1983 ~ 1986 served as deputy director of the Central Bureau of Statistics tower . 1986 - 1988 Deputy Director - General of the Party Committee of Industrial Transportation Secretary Rendezhong Kulybskaya Oblast' 1986 - 1988 Deputy Director - General of the Party Committee of Industrial Transportation Secretary Rendezhong Kulybskaya Oblast' .
1988 ~ 1990 in Kurgan oblast 1988 ~ 1990 in Kurgan oblast . bureau from 1990 to 1992 the Kulyab Ren states the soviet of peoples deputies bureau from 1990 to 1992 the Kulyab Ren states the soviet of peoples deputies .
, submitted by the Vice - President of the Executive Committee from 1992 to 1996, Deputy Prime Minister and took the position of the tower,First Deputy Prime Minister , submitted by the Vice - President of the Executive Committee from 1992 to 1996, Deputy Prime Minister and took the position of the tower,First Deputy Prime Minister . 1995 ~ 2000 tower 1995 ~ 2000 tower .
1996 parliamentary representatives of the towns in Dushanbe Mayor 1996 parliamentary representatives of the towns in Dushanbe Mayor . April 2000 tower April 2000 tower .
elected upper house of parliament, in April 2005, the April 2010 election elected upper house of parliament, in April 2005, the April 2010 election . married twice and had three children, married twice and had three children, .
parliament Speaker Kurt Zhong Shu Hu Zuma Rove parliament Speaker Kurt Zhong Shu Hu Zuma Rove . 1954 September 17 and was born in Kurgan oblast Panj area,Tajik 1954 September 17 and was born in Kurgan oblast Panj area,Tajik .
1976 and 1992 graduate of the Moscow School of Management at the Faculty of Land Planning and Russia 1976 and 1992 graduate of the Moscow School of Management at the Faculty of Land Planning and Russia . from 1976 to 1979 and worked in the Kurgan - Tyubinskaya Oblast 'agricultural land at from 1976 to 1979 and worked in the Kurgan - Tyubinskaya Oblast 'agricultural land at .
Authority from 1979 to 1986 and took the position of the tower and the Committee of the Communist Youth League of China peasants and workers at the Youth Instructor, Director and secretary of the Central Committee of the Authority from 1979 to 1986 and took the position of the tower and the Committee of the Communist Youth League of China peasants and workers at the Youth Instructor, Director and secretary of the Central Committee of the . 1986 de la Gongqing Labarthe District President 1986 de la Gongqing Labarthe District President .
1990 Ren Tower National Cadres Training Committee Chairman from 1993 to 1998 1990 Ren Tower National Cadres Training Committee Chairman from 1993 to 1998 . de de .
Minister of Labour and Employment from 1994 to 1997 he held a concurrent postacted as column members of the Commission on national reconciliation,National Reconciliation Commission and a committee chair Minister of Labour and Employment from 1994 to 1997 he held a concurrent postacted as column members of the Commission on national reconciliation,National Reconciliation Commission and a committee chair . refugee problem during 1998 ~ 2005 and successively served as a tower in the Khatlon Oblast Panj, the mayor and deputy head of refugee problem during 1998 ~ 2005 and successively served as a tower in the Khatlon Oblast Panj, the mayor and deputy head of .
2005 tower's lower house of parliament elected lawmaker 2005 tower's lower house of parliament elected lawmaker . 2006 ~ 2010 de la Labor and of the Ministry of Labour Minister 2006 ~ 2010 de la Labor and of the Ministry of Labour Minister .
March 2010 the tower's lower house of parliament elected Speaker March 2010 the tower's lower house of parliament elected Speaker . is married and has five children from is married and has five children from .
Military
Policy
Taliban forces in 1993 with the establishment on 23 February Taliban forces in 1993 with the establishment on 23 February . by Army, Tactical Unit, composed of three Air Force air defense forces, the total strength of about 1. 5 million people
Army numbered 1 divisions, 4 brigades and a number of independent support elements;Air Force air defense forces were mixed as 1 helicopter brigade, 1 air defense missile regiment and 1 air defense Radar mission;Tactical Unit 1 was formed into a plurality of independent airborne assault brigade and a combat support and support Army numbered 1 divisions, 4 brigades and a number of independent support elements;Air Force air defense forces were mixed as 1 helicopter brigade, 1 air defense missile regiment and 1 air defense Radar mission;Tactical Unit 1 was formed into a plurality of independent airborne assault brigade and a combat support and support . In addition, the tower of the powerful departments in the Frontier Defense General Administration under the National Security Committee, the total strength of about 1. 7 million people
National Guard are directly subordinate to the president, the total strength of about 5000 people National Guard are directly subordinate to the president, the total strength of about 5000 people . russia, according to an agreement on military cooperation, China and Russia in the column 201 of the deployment of the military base, the total strength of about 7500 people russia, according to an agreement on military cooperation, China and Russia in the column 201 of the deployment of the military base, the total strength of about 7500 people .
Army
About 9,000 people, Designed and Implementation of 3 (1) containing a training brigade, 1 artillery brigades, 1 special brigades, 1 Special Team About 9,000 people, Designed and Implementation of 3 (1) containing a training brigade, 1 artillery brigades, 1 special brigades, 1 Special Team . main battle weaponry: main battle weaponry: .
40 armored infantry fighting vehicles: 34 armoured cars 40 armored infantry fighting vehicles: 34 armoured cars .: : .
29 cars towed artillery: 12 door 29 cars towed artillery: 12 door . bazooka: 10 door bazooka: 10 door .
mortars: door - to - Air Missile mortars: door - to - Air Missile . 9: 20 9: 20 .
Air Force
. 1200 people no fighter jets, helicopter gunships and 4 5 1200 people no fighter jets, helicopter gunships and 4 5 .
weaponry: FIG. l a conveyor - type rack 134, the Mi - 24 helicopters, four and five, Mi - 8 / 17 helicopter 12 - 14 paramilitary 1200 people, including guards the frontier corps (2), within the Wei army (within 2 Guards, 1 Civilian Police, the teachings of the two independent battalions, 1 motorized infantry battalion), the Presidential Guard Brigade is a quick reaction (1) paramilitary 1200 people, including guards the frontier corps (2), within the Wei army (within 2 Guards, 1 Civilian Police, the teachings of the two independent battalions, 1 motorized infantry battalion), the Presidential Guard Brigade is a quick reaction (1) .
Diplomatic
Foreign Policy
Tajikistan's adherence to the "Open Door" and the balance of foreign policy, actively develop friendly relations with the states of Central Asia, Russia, the United States, the European Union, Iran, Saudi Arabia and other Islamic countries at the turn of the century while Tajikistan's adherence to the "Open Door" and the balance of foreign policy, actively develop friendly relations with the states of Central Asia, Russia, the United States, the European Union, Iran, Saudi Arabia and other Islamic countries at the turn of the century while ., the rest of the world in the development of friendly relations, and foreign maintenance tower for the independence, sovereignty, security and development , the rest of the world in the development of friendly relations, and foreign maintenance tower for the independence, sovereignty, security and development .
tower has joined the United Nations, OSCE, the CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Economic Cooperation Organization, Eurasian Economic Community of West African States, the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in more than 30 international and regional organizations, on 20 February 2002 formally joined the NATO Partnership for Peace programme tower has joined the United Nations, OSCE, the CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Economic Cooperation Organization, Eurasian Economic Community of West African States, the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in more than 30 international and regional organizations, on 20 February 2002 formally joined the NATO Partnership for Peace programme . actively participated in international counter - terrorism,Security, advocates in the United Nations within the framework of the "Water for Life" 2005 - 2015 Decade - related meetings, to obtain more than 140 countries in support of actively participated in international counter - terrorism,Security, advocates in the United Nations within the framework of the "Water for Life" 2005 - 2015 Decade - related meetings, to obtain more than 140 countries in support of .
By the end of 2011, the tower with 124 countries in the establishment of diplomatic relations, opening embassies and consulates, resident representative offices in 26 By the end of 2011, the tower with 124 countries in the establishment of diplomatic relations, opening embassies and consulates, resident representative offices in 26 .
External Relations
in its relationship with China on 4 January 1992 in its relationship with China on 4 January 1992 . diplomatic relations with China in 2011, China - Tajikistan good - neighborly and friendly cooperative relationship stable development diplomatic relations with China in 2011, China - Tajikistan good - neighborly and friendly cooperative relationship stable development .
4. 24 ~ 25 days, Chinese State Councilor Meng Jianzhu on an official visit to therebetween, State Councillor Meng respectively with President rakhmon tower, Security Council Secretary Azimov, chairman of the NSC really Yaji. Akimov held a meeting with the Minister of the Interior Cahokia Rove
talks the two sides signed the People's Republic of China on the Administration of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Tajikistan for the National Security Council of the Cooperation Agreement and other documents talks the two sides signed the People's Republic of China on the Administration of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Tajikistan for the National Security Council of the Cooperation Agreement and other documents . 6 Nov. 14,President Hu Jintao in Astana, capital of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit and meet President rakhmon tower, on bilateral relations and other issues of mutual concern
August 21 ~ 23, Zhou Yongkang, member of the tower's official visit August 21 ~ 23, Zhou Yongkang, member of the tower's official visit . therebetween with President Emomali Rahmon and meet with Speaker of the House of Lords met with Wu Bai Du Loyew, Speaker of the House of Commons Zu Rove Hu and Prime Minister Akil Akilov therebetween with President Emomali Rahmon and meet with Speaker of the House of Lords met with Wu Bai Du Loyew, Speaker of the House of Commons Zu Rove Hu and Prime Minister Akil Akilov .
signed "Communist Party of China and tajikistan (pdpt exchanges and cooperation memorandum" signed "Communist Party of China and tajikistan (pdpt exchanges and cooperation memorandum" . territorial disputes in the heyday of the Qing Dynasty,Pamirs throughout its jurisdiction belongs to China, during 1890, Russia and Britain signed the Anglo - Russian agreement by Britain to the Wakhan and Pamir, Russian acquires only the Wakhan and Pamir northern territorial disputes in the heyday of the Qing Dynasty,Pamirs throughout its jurisdiction belongs to China, during 1890, Russia and Britain signed the Anglo - Russian agreement by Britain to the Wakhan and Pamir, Russian acquires only the Wakhan and Pamir northern .
. belonging to Afghanistan after the founding of the Republic of China, is due to the war period, the Pamirs and thus unable to effectively rule the belonging to Afghanistan after the founding of the Republic of China, is due to the war period, the Pamirs and thus unable to effectively rule the .
but always from the Government of the Republic of China to the Pamirs to the west of the Panj River is seen as extremely but always from the Government of the Republic of China to the Pamirs to the west of the Panj River is seen as extremely . West Point in the 1960s by the Peopleapos; s Republic of China and Afghanistan signed a border treaty officially recognizing the waiver of the Wakhan and Pamir West Point in the 1960s by the Peopleapos; s Republic of China and Afghanistan signed a border treaty officially recognizing the waiver of the Wakhan and Pamir .
Tajikistan's independence in the 1990s, when signing the treaty also admitted abandoning the Pamir wildlings,China's West Point to the east to the pole position today Tajikistan's independence in the 1990s, when signing the treaty also admitted abandoning the Pamir wildlings,China's West Point to the east to the pole position today . tower in April 2010 and 27 per cent of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on the border in the tower of the Demarcation Protocol ", the tower party actually under the control of the Chinese tower in April 2010 and 27 per cent of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on the border in the tower of the Demarcation Protocol ", the tower party actually under the control of the Chinese .
1158 km2 of land from January 2011, and to resolve the territorial dispute between the People's Republic of China, the Tajik Parliament voted to support China's 1 000 km2 of land, only occupied the contested land area of 3% or a little more 1158 km2 of land from January 2011, and to resolve the territorial dispute between the People's Republic of China, the Tajik Parliament voted to support China's 1 000 km2 of land, only occupied the contested land area of 3% or a little more . Tajik Foreign Minister al - Dhari, head of the Philippines was drawing to a land transfer in Tajikistan is referred to as a diplomatic victory,Because the Chinese initially claimed about 2 million square kilometres in 8 of the Tajik territory in the Tajik Foreign Minister al - Dhari, head of the Philippines was drawing to a land transfer in Tajikistan is referred to as a diplomatic victory,Because the Chinese initially claimed about 2 million square kilometres in 8 of the Tajik territory in the .
however, Tajikistan's one of the opposition leaders, disagrees, saying the move was unconstitutional and that the Central Asian nation is one of failure however, Tajikistan's one of the opposition leaders, disagrees, saying the move was unconstitutional and that the Central Asian nation is one of failure . 20 September 2011, China and the Republic of Tajikistan on behalf of the frontier in the Pamirs of China No. 75 in the tower pillar is being held at the new boundary demarcation ceremony
relationship with Russia, Tajikistan, giving priority to the development of the relationship with Russia, in April 1992, the two countries established diplomatic relations on Jan. 25, 2011 ,President rakhmon tower with Mr. Medvedev's phone conversation with the airport explosion victims to express condolences to the
Mei on 1 February, the China - Russia cooperation the Director He 'visit to Tajikistan Mei on 1 February, the China - Russia cooperation the Director He 'visit to Tajikistan . February 14 - 19, the tower of the People's Republic of China and the Russian authorities, on the border between the two countries' cooperation February 14 - 19, the tower of the People's Republic of China and the Russian authorities, on the border between the two countries' cooperation .
on 12 June, President rakhmon tower to Russian President Dmitry Medvedev sent a congratulatory telegram, congratulating Russia through the "Declaration of State Sovereignty of the 20th anniversary of the June 21 on 12 June, President rakhmon tower to Russian President Dmitry Medvedev sent a congratulatory telegram, congratulating Russia through the "Declaration of State Sovereignty of the 20th anniversary of the June 21 ., russia, in the third round of border talks in Dushanbe , russia, in the third round of border talks in Dushanbe .
held on 29 June, the Office of the President of Russia, director of the Naryshkin family and Defence Minister held on 29 June, the Office of the President of Russia, director of the Naryshkin family and Defence Minister . visit to Tajikistan on July 13,President rakhmon tower phoned Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, Russia's" bu jiaer "was a ship that sank on the Volga River in the heavy loss of life and express our sympathy and condolences to the visit to Tajikistan on July 13,President rakhmon tower phoned Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, Russia's" bu jiaer "was a ship that sank on the Volga River in the heavy loss of life and express our sympathy and condolences to the .
2 September, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev's visit to the tower, the tower with President Emomali Rahmon and held talks to discuss trade, security, science and humanities, etc 2 September, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev's visit to the tower, the tower with President Emomali Rahmon and held talks to discuss trade, security, science and humanities, etc . the two heads of state issued a joint statement and signed two agreements the two heads of state issued a joint statement and signed two agreements .
24 November, the defense's visit to Russia, meeting with Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov, 24 November, the defense's visit to Russia, meeting with Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov,. discussed military cooperation between the two countries was signed in which the two defense departments and cooperation plan 2012 discussed military cooperation between the two countries was signed in which the two defense departments and cooperation plan 2012 .
2011 Russia with trade of US $10. $31 relations with the United States in February 1992, the establishment of diplomatic relations between china and the tower column relations with the United States in February 1992, the establishment of diplomatic relations between china and the tower column .
attaches great importance to its relationship with the United States, the U.S. economic assistance on Feb. 9, 2011, U.S. Central Command Commander James Mattis
visit to Tajikistan on 30 June, the U.S. anti - drug diffusion and Brownfield, assistant secretary of state visit to Tajikistan on 6 July, President rakhmon tower calling U. S. President Barack Obama, the US Independence Day congratulations
Oct. 7,U.S. special envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan, Grossman's visit to the tower October 21 - 22, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited the tower
3 December, the US assistant secretary of state for Central Asia South Asia visit 3 December, the US assistant secretary of state for Central Asia South Asia visit . Blake tower with the relationship between the Central Asian countries on Feb. 8, the defense and the defense minister of Kyrgyzstan library generation in Er 'hu tower growing town Keila Qom region met for an exchange of views on the situation in the region such as
20 May, the Minister of Defence of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Jia Boxer Kydyrbekov, at the initiative of the defense,Jia Ji and Minister of Defence on behalf of the library's' in the Bishkek meeting, major discussions held joint military exercises, stability, security and training of staff and operational intelligence exchanges on issues such as 20 May, the Minister of Defence of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Jia Boxer Kydyrbekov, at the initiative of the defense,Jia Ji and Minister of Defence on behalf of the library's' in the Bishkek meeting, major discussions held joint military exercises, stability, security and training of staff and operational intelligence exchanges on issues such as . 7 June, the two - day Turkmenistan Tower and intergovernmental cooperation on economic trade, science and technology of the 3rd meeting of the Committee to be held in Ashgabat 7 June, the two - day Turkmenistan Tower and intergovernmental cooperation on economic trade, science and technology of the 3rd meeting of the Committee to be held in Ashgabat .
meeting is planned for discussing the Energy Cooperation: Present Situation and Prospect of meeting is planned for discussing the Energy Cooperation: Present Situation and Prospect of . August 2 - 5 day, Philippine Foreign Minister Gonzalez August 2 - 5 day, Philippine Foreign Minister Gonzalez .
visit Turkmenistan on October 27, President rakhmon tower calling the President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov, congratulations to visit Turkmenistan on October 27, President rakhmon tower calling the President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov, congratulations to . independent soil marks the 20th anniversary of the Nov. 5,President rakhmon tower called Abu Gautam, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kyrgyzstan President congratulated the elected
Dec. 1, the tower and Prime Minister Akil Akilov, went to the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek Ji attended the inauguration of new President Nursultan Nazarbayev, Gautam 20 December, the tower's President Emomali Rakhmon met in Moscow with President Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kyrgyzstan Gautam 20 December, the tower's President Emomali Rakhmon met in Moscow with President Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kyrgyzstan Gautam .
La congratulations in Kyrgyzstan's presidential win, the two sides will also exchange views on bilateral relations and cooperation development of relations with the People's Republic of China on Apr. 8,Huo Luo card tower the Minister of the Interior to fight is to represent the EU's tower was signed between the tower and the police institution reforms of memorandum 6. 5 ~ 12 days, the president of France, Austria, Luxembourg and Hungary's four - nation official visit
on 13 June, the German Bundestag German - Central Asian team leader Ian Kelman led a force of German Parliament's delegation visit to Tajikistan on 13 June, the German Bundestag German - Central Asian team leader Ian Kelman led a force of German Parliament's delegation visit to Tajikistan . on 17 June, led by the senator's visit to Tajikistan's National Assembly delegation on 17 June, led by the senator's visit to Tajikistan's National Assembly delegation .
1 September, the EU and the government signed a contract to support the human development of its program to 1 September, the EU and the government signed a contract to support the human development of its program to . on 16 September, the EU Special Representative for Central Asia visit on 16 September, the EU Special Representative for Central Asia visit .
Mao Lei column on Oct. 17,British international development minister Kang Dan visit to Tajikistan on 1 November, the Foreign Minister al - Dhari, head of the Philippines at the Istanbul meeting with German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle, to discuss bilateral cooperation in all areas of the status quo and foreground Dan visit to Tajikistan on 1 November, the Foreign Minister al - Dhari, head of the Philippines at the Istanbul meeting with German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle, to discuss bilateral cooperation in all areas of the status quo and foreground .
December 12 to 14 days, the tower's President Emomali Rahmon will visit Germany December 12 to 14 days, the tower's President Emomali Rahmon will visit Germany . Islamic States relations on January 10, 2011, President rakhmon tower calling Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the Iranian airline disaster caused heavy losses of life and express our sympathy and condolences to the Islamic States relations on January 10, 2011, President rakhmon tower calling Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the Iranian airline disaster caused heavy losses of life and express our sympathy and condolences to the .
on Feb. 12, the tower of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Egypt after the event, said in a statement that the tower has been closely following the friendship of the Arab Republic of Egypt, occurrence of the event, which is believed to be an Egyptian internal affair, brooks no foreign interference on 7 June, and Prime Minister Akil Akilov Astana to attend Islamic Economic Forum brooks no foreign interference on 7 June, and Prime Minister Akil Akilov Astana to attend Islamic Economic Forum .
15 June, President rakhmon tower in Astana, met with Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, to discuss bilateral relations and issues of 15 June, President rakhmon tower in Astana, met with Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, to discuss bilateral relations and issues of . 24 - 25 June, President rakhmon tower to the Iranian capital Tehran for an international conference on counter - terrorism 24 - 25 June, President rakhmon tower to the Iranian capital Tehran for an international conference on counter - terrorism .
25 June, President rakhmon tower 25 June, President rakhmon tower . visit to Iran on 13 July, President rakhmon tower telephoned Afghan President Hamid Karzai, the card's brother, Kandahar provincial council chairman wali karzai family were killed on 12 things visit to Iran on 13 July, President rakhmon tower telephoned Afghan President Hamid Karzai, the card's brother, Kandahar provincial council chairman wali karzai family were killed on 12 things .
condolences on July 28,Afghan Foreign Minister Ebrahim Rasool condolences on July 28,Afghan Foreign Minister Ebrahim Rasool . visit to Tajikistan on 10 August, Pakistan's communication minister Huo Noam's visit to Tajikistan visit to Tajikistan on 10 August, Pakistan's communication minister Huo Noam's visit to Tajikistan .
15 August, President rakhmon tower called Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, Pakistan's Independence Day Congratulations 15 August, President rakhmon tower called Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, Pakistan's Independence Day Congratulations . August 16 ~ 17 days, al - Dhari, head of the Philippine Foreign Minister visited Turkey to attend the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Organization of the Executive Committee of the Somalia crisis of food assistance to the special session of the 9 August 16 ~ 17 days, al - Dhari, head of the Philippine Foreign Minister visited Turkey to attend the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Organization of the Executive Committee of the Somalia crisis of food assistance to the special session of the 9 .
4 ~ 5 days, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, 4 ~ 5 days, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, . visit to Tajikistan, on 21 September, President rakhmon tower telephoned Afghan President Hamid Karzai, former President Burhanuddin Rabbani in Kabul; it has been killed and expressed condolences to the visit to Tajikistan, on 21 September, President rakhmon tower telephoned Afghan President Hamid Karzai, former President Burhanuddin Rabbani in Kabul; it has been killed and expressed condolences to the .
on 23 September,Speaker of the House of Commons tower Zu Hu Rove traveled to Kabul to attend the funeral of former Afghan President Burhanuddin Rabbani on 23 September,Speaker of the House of Commons tower Zu Hu Rove traveled to Kabul to attend the funeral of former Afghan President Burhanuddin Rabbani . 14 OctoberForeign Minister al - Dhari, head of the Philippines, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for a working visit 14 OctoberForeign Minister al - Dhari, head of the Philippines, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for a working visit .
on 21 October, the Iranian Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani on 21 October, the Iranian Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani . visit to Tajikistan on 25 October, the Afghan Ministry of Counter - Narcotics Minister of Petraeus's visit to Tajikistan visit to Tajikistan on 25 October, the Afghan Ministry of Counter - Narcotics Minister of Petraeus's visit to Tajikistan .
on 26 October, the Afghan first vice president to visit the tower on 26 October, the Afghan first vice president to visit the tower . December 21 ~ 23, Pakistan, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Shamim Khaled Wayne tower visit December 21 ~ 23, Pakistan, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Shamim Khaled Wayne tower visit .
Tourist Attractions
Dushanbe
Dushanbe (Tajik: 14.395 y alpha maps of??. sigma.2, English:) is a Tajik capital of Dushanbe, located at latitude 38 degrees north and longitude 68. 8 degrees, the population in the 2000 statistics about 78,000 people 53 which in turn is translated Du Pui Sang, Du Xia Bei, Du Shan than 53 which in turn is translated Du Pui Sang, Du Xia Bei, Du Shan than .
Dushanbe in the Tajik language "means" Monday", i.e. Dushanbe is the state - of - market Monday Dushanbe Ibrahim Bek was once an important base for Dushanbe Ibrahim Bek was once an important base for .
began in 1929, Dushanbe, the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic became the chief residence,And to Joseph Stalin by naming Stalinabad (, meaning "Qyteti Stalin"), until the 1961 began in 1929, Dushanbe, the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic became the chief residence,And to Joseph Stalin by naming Stalinabad (, meaning "Qyteti Stalin"), until the 1961 . currently has a university in Dushanbe, Tajikistan is also home to the Science currently has a university in Dushanbe, Tajikistan is also home to the Science .
Dushanbe perimeter of coal, lead and arsenic ore minerals like Dushanbe perimeter of coal, lead and arsenic ore minerals like . but it's a top of the cotton fiber production centre, Dushanbe also produce silk, clothes or leather goods, food and machine parts such as but it's a top of the cotton fiber production centre, Dushanbe also produce silk, clothes or leather goods, food and machine parts such as .
Khodzhent
Khodzhent (Tajik: Х sluglike?? or y Analysis,), 1939 - 1992 was called Leninabad, Tajikistan's second city, the capital of Sughd, Central Asia, a famous ancient city Khudzhand Khodzhent (Tajik: Х sluglike?? or y Analysis,), 1939 - 1992 was called Leninabad, Tajikistan's second city, the capital of Sughd, Central Asia, a famous ancient city Khudzhand . Taniguchi is located in the fergana valley, overlooking the Syr Darya in the strategically important, with a population of 9 million people out of legend Taniguchi is located in the fergana valley, overlooking the Syr Darya in the strategically important, with a population of 9 million people out of legend .
Khudzhand city founded by Alexander the Great, the city in Greece in the historical records of the "Alexandria", meaning "faraway places in the city of Alexandria", but there is no any archaeological evidence can prove this Khudzhand city founded by Alexander the Great, the city in Greece in the historical records of the "Alexandria", meaning "faraway places in the city of Alexandria", but there is no any archaeological evidence can prove this . Persian Empire, the city became part of its northern border,also is at the heart of the Silk Road Persian Empire, the city became part of its northern border,also is at the heart of the Silk Road .
8 ~ (th) century, the calyx is bitter Arab empire occupied, in the 12th century when the Mongolian Empire fell prey to the conquest of the 8 ~ (th) century, the calyx is bitter Arab empire occupied, in the 12th century when the Mongolian Empire fell prey to the conquest of the . in 1866, Russia occupied the Khudzhand in 1866, Russia occupied the Khudzhand .
1924 to 1929, Khudzhand awarded to Uzbekistan, 1939 October 27 Khudzhand has been renamed Leninabad, Lenin? 1924 to 1929, Khudzhand awarded to Uzbekistan, 1939 October 27 Khudzhand has been renamed Leninabad, Lenin? . in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union with Tajikistan's independence, the following year restored the old name in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union with Tajikistan's independence, the following year restored the old name .
Guidebook
Cuisine
Tajik meals daily, which depends on the naan, butter, yogurt, milk, dairy etc, also likes to drink tea Tajik meals daily, which depends on the naan, butter, yogurt, milk, dairy etc, also likes to drink tea . them with meat as good food, love eating pilaf, like mutton, and lamb soup was the best them with meat as good food, love eating pilaf, like mutton, and lamb soup was the best .
they really like Chinese cuisine, a meal and get used to the food with a hand for the meal was they really like Chinese cuisine, a meal and get used to the food with a hand for the meal was . Tajik people and making the content of the diet appeared to reflect economic conditions, living habits and ethnic character Tajik people and making the content of the diet appeared to reflect economic conditions, living habits and ethnic character .
pastoral diet to dairy products, mainly pasta and pastoral diet to dairy products, mainly pasta and . farming mainly to pasta, milk and meat and supplemented with farming mainly to pasta, milk and meat and supplemented with .
breakfast typically eat nang, tea, lunch, eat noodles, meat - based dinner breakfast typically eat nang, tea, lunch, eat noodles, meat - based dinner . the best multi - national food: rice,baked steamed stuffed bun, braised diced pork, or beef - the best multi - national food: rice,baked steamed stuffed bun, braised diced pork, or beef - .
preferences brick tea, green tea, black tea, usually paired with preferences brick tea, green tea, black tea, usually paired with . some dried fruit, sweets etc.
The Best Time To Travel
Tajikistan's best tourist time is summer Tajikistan's best tourist time is summer .
Historical Culture
artificial age - old ethnic Tajik Central Asia artificial age - old ethnic Tajik Central Asia . BC to the 4th century before successively by the Persian Achaemenid, Macedonian kingdom ruled Syria and BC to the 4th century before successively by the Persian Achaemenid, Macedonian kingdom ruled Syria and .
3rd century BC, Greek Buck and incorporated into the Kingdom of Dali Kushan kingdom 3rd century BC, Greek Buck and incorporated into the Kingdom of Dali Kushan kingdom . 9th century to 11th century The Tahirids and belongs to the group, essentially forming a Tajik tribal 9th century to 11th century The Tahirids and belongs to the group, essentially forming a Tajik tribal .
in the 13th century, the Mongol conquest of the Tatars is in the 13th century, the Mongol conquest of the Tatars is . from 14th to 15th century belongs to Tamerlane during the reign of the 16th century the from 14th to 15th century belongs to Tamerlane during the reign of the 16th century the .
, , . added the khanate of Bokhara in 1868, the northern Russia added the khanate of Bokhara in 1868, the northern Russia .
incorporated at the end of the 19th century, the south - east of the original is Chinese territory, the Russian military occupation is incorporated at the end of the 19th century, the south - east of the original is Chinese territory, the Russian military occupation is . 1912, the Republic of China,Governments will always the Pamirs to the west of the Panj River is seen as extremely Westpoint 1912, the Republic of China,Governments will always the Pamirs to the west of the Panj River is seen as extremely Westpoint .
1919 throughout the territory of the Soviet regime 1919 throughout the territory of the Soviet regime . 14 October 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which belongs to the Uzbek 14 October 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which belongs to the Uzbek .
October 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union to join October 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union to join . .
1990 declaration of sovereignty on 9 September 1991 declaration of independence, the Republic of Tajikistan, on 21 December of that year to join the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1990 declaration of sovereignty on 9 September 1991 declaration of independence, the Republic of Tajikistan, on 21 December of that year to join the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) .
Territorial Dispute
In the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, and belonged to the Pamirs, throughout the territory of China within its jurisdiction, from 1890, Russia and Britain signed the Anglo - Russian agreement by Britain to the Wakhan and Pamir, Russian In the heyday of the Qing Dynasty, and belonged to the Pamirs, throughout the territory of China within its jurisdiction, from 1890, Russia and Britain signed the Anglo - Russian agreement by Britain to the Wakhan and Pamir, Russian . currently acquired northern east - inclined slope is still China's jurisdiction, mostly from Tajikistan, Pamir Wakhan currently acquired northern east - inclined slope is still China's jurisdiction, mostly from Tajikistan, Pamir Wakhan .
belonging to Afghanistan after the founding of the Republic of China, is due to the war period, the Pamirs, cannot effectively ruled the belonging to Afghanistan after the founding of the Republic of China, is due to the war period, the Pamirs, cannot effectively ruled the . but always from the Government of the Republic of China to the Pamirs to the west of the Panj River is seen as extremely but always from the Government of the Republic of China to the Pamirs to the west of the Panj River is seen as extremely .
West Point in the 1960s by the Peopleapos; s Republic of China and Afghanistan signed a border treaty,formally admitted abandoning the Wakhan and Pamir West Point in the 1960s by the Peopleapos; s Republic of China and Afghanistan signed a border treaty,formally admitted abandoning the Wakhan and Pamir . Tajikistan's independence in the 1990s, when signing the treaty also recognized the wildlings and abandon the Pamirs, China eastwards to West Point to the pole position today Tajikistan's independence in the 1990s, when signing the treaty also recognized the wildlings and abandon the Pamirs, China eastwards to West Point to the pole position today .
tower in April 2010 and 27 per cent of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on the border in the tower of the Demarcation Protocol ", the tower party actually under the control of the Chinese tower in April 2010 and 27 per cent of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on the border in the tower of the Demarcation Protocol ", the tower party actually under the control of the Chinese . 1158 km2 of land from January 2011, and to resolve the territorial dispute between the People's Republic of China, the Tajik Parliament voted to support China's 1 000 km2 of land,only the possession of the disputed area of 3% or a little more 1158 km2 of land from January 2011, and to resolve the territorial dispute between the People's Republic of China, the Tajik Parliament voted to support China's 1 000 km2 of land,only the possession of the disputed area of 3% or a little more .
Tajik Foreign Minister al - Dhari, head of the Philippines was drawing to a land transfer in Tajikistan is referred to as a diplomatic victory, because the Chinese initially claimed about 2 million square kilometres in 8 of the Tajik territory in the Tajik Foreign Minister al - Dhari, head of the Philippines was drawing to a land transfer in Tajikistan is referred to as a diplomatic victory, because the Chinese initially claimed about 2 million square kilometres in 8 of the Tajik territory in the . however, Tajikistan's one of the opposition leaders, disagrees, saying the move was unconstitutional and that the Central Asian nation is one of failure however, Tajikistan's one of the opposition leaders, disagrees, saying the move was unconstitutional and that the Central Asian nation is one of failure .
20 September 2011, China and the Republic of Tajikistan on behalf of the frontier in the Pamirs of China No. 75 in the tower pillar is being held at the new boundary demarcation ceremony
Economic
Overview
the weak foundation of the tower, the structure of the single the weak foundation of the tower, the structure of the single . post - Soviet political and economic crisis of the years of civil war and making its national economy, and farming and economic losses totaled more than $70 post - Soviet political and economic crisis of the years of civil war and making its national economy, and farming and economic losses totaled more than $70 .
1995 tower began to deepen economic reform and accelerate the transition to market relations of emergency "and" from 1995 to 2000 the economic reform program, which established for the market - oriented economic policy, the restructuring and privatization of the national economy 1995 tower began to deepen economic reform and accelerate the transition to market relations of emergency "and" from 1995 to 2000 the economic reform program, which established for the market - oriented economic policy, the restructuring and privatization of the national economy . 1997 column began as she emerged from the doldrums, restorative growth 1997 column began as she emerged from the doldrums, restorative growth .
2000 10 issuing the national currency and support entrepreneurial initiatives, to establish a national fiscal and financial system,has begun developing tax, customs policy 2000 10 issuing the national currency and support entrepreneurial initiatives, to establish a national fiscal and financial system,has begun developing tax, customs policy . 2003 year, the government instituted a national industrial development policy, effective use of national resources, efforts to increase the production technological innovation, improve the quality of products and the processing technology and product competitiveness 2003 year, the government instituted a national industrial development policy, effective use of national resources, efforts to increase the production technological innovation, improve the quality of products and the processing technology and product competitiveness .
in 2005 after a new parliamentary election, the economy continues to maintain a smooth, continuous years of deflation situation improved, the per - capita income has increased, each economic index rebounded in 2005 after a new parliamentary election, the economy continues to maintain a smooth, continuous years of deflation situation improved, the per - capita income has increased, each economic index rebounded . 2008 global financial crisis on the economy in certain impact to the tower, the tower's government adopted a series of countermeasures,Tajikistan's economic growth then gradually 2008 global financial crisis on the economy in certain impact to the tower, the tower's government adopted a series of countermeasures,Tajikistan's economic growth then gradually .
but on the other hand due to the economy due to the relatively small size of the development of international society dependence, "the complete restoration of the tower and the development of the economy has a long way to go.
Industrial
2011 industrial output tower is 16. 45 billion, with year - on - year increase of 9% where mining, processing and production of electricity, gas and water are each 12. 8%, and 67. 2% and 20%
- tower's food industry and textile industry respectively 28. 3% and 18. 5% extractive industries grew rapidly, with year - on - year increase of 36% extractive industries grew rapidly, with year - on - year increase of 36% .
nonferrous metallurgy is a tower in important industries, inadequate energy supplies and to the influence of its increase in electricity prices, shrinking, compared with a year - on - year drop of 15.8% Tajikistan are lignite, coal, coke and anthracite, etc, for a total of 46 billion tons of proven reserves Tajikistan are lignite, coal, coke and anthracite, etc, for a total of 46 billion tons of proven reserves .
coke quality and reserves all the subgenus is known as the mosttaste up to 80%, higher than the calorific value of 9100 calories, lower sulfur content coal, which is in the range from 0.1 to 2%, reserves of 14 million tons, oil refining metal indispensable fuel is mainly distributed in Aini District Tajikistan ranked as the world's second - grade quality anthracite reserves 515 tons Tajikistan ranked as the world's second - grade quality anthracite reserves 515 tons .
Planting
Farming accounts for 70% of agricultural GDP, cotton cultivation in agriculture is expected to play a significant role, especially in the fine fiber is famous for quality cotton, the cotton yield per unit area in the Soviet republics led among Farming accounts for 70% of agricultural GDP, cotton cultivation in agriculture is expected to play a significant role, especially in the fine fiber is famous for quality cotton, the cotton yield per unit area in the Soviet republics led among . 40% of the cultivable area for planting cotton, sericulture, handlooms, more developed 40% of the cultivable area for planting cotton, sericulture, handlooms, more developed .
In addition, the also plant lemon, persimmons, pomegranate and other fruit and a small amount of rice, corn, wheat, etc In addition, the also plant lemon, persimmons, pomegranate and other fruit and a small amount of rice, corn, wheat, etc . Exports consist primarily of aluminium ingots, ginned cotton and textiles, imports mainly for aluminum production raw materials, petroleum products, machinery and equipment with Exports consist primarily of aluminium ingots, ginned cotton and textiles, imports mainly for aluminum production raw materials, petroleum products, machinery and equipment with .
66 per cent of the imports from the CIS countries, export of 65% belong to non - CIS countries 66 per cent of the imports from the CIS countries, export of 65% belong to non - CIS countries .
Animal Husbandry
the column is divided into individual sectors of agriculture, the kibbutz owned economy to a privatized agricultural the column is divided into individual sectors of agriculture, the kibbutz owned economy to a privatized agricultural . tower after the tower of the nation's economy and has been gradually occupied the main status of farming and animal husbandry, agricultural machinery and the lack of a technology which has severely hampered the agricultural development of the tower, only 59% of farm tractors use of tower after the tower of the nation's economy and has been gradually occupied the main status of farming and animal husbandry, agricultural machinery and the lack of a technology which has severely hampered the agricultural development of the tower, only 59% of farm tractors use of .
2011 tower and animal husbandry of the GDP of the year was 7. 9%, 148 - 153 million somoni, in which the output value 108. 94 million somoni, a year - on - year growth of 8. 2%, the value of animal husbandry 39. 58 million somoni, a year - on - year growth of 0% affects the development of the agricultural funds and technical issues that are still a affects the development of the agricultural funds and technical issues that are still a .
Tariff
Tajik government decided that as of March 1, 1997, on entering the tower within the territory of goods subject to unified tariff, the tax rate of 10% Tajik government decided that as of March 1, 1997, on entering the tower within the territory of goods subject to unified tariff, the tax rate of 10% . temporary tower on the enjoyment of preferential plan of developing countries, giving tariff treatment halved, China will enjoy tariff benefits halved temporary tower on the enjoyment of preferential plan of developing countries, giving tariff treatment halved, China will enjoy tariff benefits halved .
In addition, the tower part on imports, excise duty, CIS countries and non - CIS countries differently from non - CIS countries imports of some commodities (such as tobacco, alcohol, petroleum products, fur clothing, jewellery, glassware and office supplies, automobile, etc.) excise tax, the tax rate is 20% to 200% 
Finance
As of December 31, 2011, the accumulated 21. 24 billion in GDP was 32. 8% the country's main banks are: National Bank, the Agricultural Investment Bank, Eastern Bank, foreign banks, savings banks, the Bank for Reconstruction and Development, etc the country's main banks are: National Bank, the Agricultural Investment Bank, Eastern Bank, foreign banks, savings banks, the Bank for Reconstruction and Development, etc .
the end of 2011 gold reserves 8. 02 $ $.
Foreign Trade
In 2011 the tower's total foreign trade volume reached $4.3 billion, a year - on - year growth of 15. 4% trade with China was 6. 61 billion tower (count number) of the Customs of the People's Republic of China, which exported a total of $4.35 billion in imports and $55
tower exports mainly non - precious metal and articles thereof, the total of 54. 6%;While imports of machinery and vehicles, mineral and chemical products, respectively of the total of 20. 8%, 22. 8% and 15. 4% tower of its main trading partners were Russia ($3.1 billion), China (6 million), Turkey (6. 9 billion), Kazakhstan ($470), Iran ($241 million) and Ukraine (1. 64 billion)
Foreign Capital
2011 inbound investments were 2. 31 billion, the cumulative foreign investment 22. 32 billion of foreign investment is mainly in the fields of road rehabilitation, energy and precious metal ores mined and processed, the food processing industry, the development of small and medium - sized enterprises (SMEs) and the like road rehabilitation, energy and precious metal ores mined and processed, the food processing industry, the development of small and medium - sized enterprises (SMEs) and the like .
tower currently attracting the focus areas of construction, road rehabilitation and construction of tunnel, communication network reconstruction, mineral resources exploitation and processing, agricultural product processing in tower currently attracting the focus areas of construction, road rehabilitation and construction of tunnel, communication network reconstruction, mineral resources exploitation and processing, agricultural product processing in .
Foreign Assistance
In 2011 the tower to provide humanitarian assistance with 41 countries, total assistance 25515 tons, about 8638. 2 million, of which 2272 tons of flour (114 U.S. dollars), 769 tonnes of vegetable oil (135. 0 million), Drug 6408 (US $36,000), clothing and footwear (237.8 million), in addition to food, medical equipment, electronics, computers and accessories like provided supplies most of the total assistance from the United States (70. 6%), followed by Russia (6. 3%), Denmark (5. 3%), China (3. 8%),Netherlands (1. 7%), Austria and Germany (1. 6%), Latvia, the Republic of Korea (ROK) and Iran (1. 1%), Kazakhstan (0. 6%
), etc.
Culture
Religious
Tajik people mostly believe in Islam, they belong to the Sunni Tajik people mostly believe in Islam, they belong to the Sunni . taboo pointing people speak, think this is what an insult they taboo pointing people speak, think this is what an insult they .
taboo things or left - handed delivery of food, it is believed that the use of a hand of a person's disrespect taboo things or left - handed delivery of food, it is believed that the use of a hand of a person's disrespect . taboo they walk on a salt or other food, nor the flocks and rode through close to the owner of the sheep or the sheep and kicked down, we shall be considered impolite to taboo they walk on a salt or other food, nor the flocks and rode through close to the owner of the sheep or the sheep and kicked down, we shall be considered impolite to .
taboo conversation when they took off his hat, that hat is a polite representation taboo conversation when they took off his hat, that hat is a polite representation . They fasted pork, meat, and meat, the donkey and all the dead animal flesh and blood, and also to discussing pigs and pig products using They fasted pork, meat, and meat, the donkey and all the dead animal flesh and blood, and also to discussing pigs and pig products using .
Festival
The traditional Spring Festival March 21 every year (The traditional Spring Festival March 21 every year (. in the Persian calendar) in Persian calendar is the day of the old year and welcome the end of New Year and the beginning of the busy spring ploughing in the Persian calendar) in Persian calendar is the day of the old year and welcome the end of New Year and the beginning of the busy spring ploughing .
rural ceremony, to celebrate the Spring Festival is the culmination of their holiday rural ceremony, to celebrate the Spring Festival is the culmination of their holiday . people to visit, gave early - Chunhua people to visit, gave early - Chunhua .
this festival originated from ancient Persia, and there has been a 2,700 - year - old this festival originated from ancient Persia, and there has been a 2,700 - year - old .
Language
Farsi (an Indo - European Iranian language) is the national language, Russian is the transformation of the language, but also as a working language of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) are also popular Uzbek Farsi (an Indo - European Iranian language) is the national language, Russian is the transformation of the language, but also as a working language of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) are also popular Uzbek . .
English is not as widely used, and in 2003 for learning Mandarin increased English is not as widely used, and in 2003 for learning Mandarin increased .
Religious
the majority of the population of Tajikistan professes Islam, the Muslim population of 86%, which are mainly Sunni Muslims (accounting for over 85 percent of the population), generation of Pamir residents mostly belong to Shia Ismaili Muslim tribes (accounting for 5 per cent of the population), and the rest of the inhabitants profess Christianity, Judaism, teaches, Orthodox etc. 
Customs
Dress of the Tajik people in traditional costume to dress and a jacket, there is no clearly - divided seasons by Dress of the Tajik people in traditional costume to dress and a jacket, there is no clearly - divided seasons by . Crossdressing men harpies with white shirts, knickerbockers, wore a toga, lumbar girdles or kerchief, cap and embroidered skullcaps or turbans, wear the soft boots Crossdressing men harpies with white shirts, knickerbockers, wore a toga, lumbar girdles or kerchief, cap and embroidered skullcaps or turbans, wear the soft boots .
A woman in a similar fashion from silk bloomers, with a long shirt or jacket colorful skirt, white silk head scarf, or towel, or wear an embroidered cap, beaded ornaments, a coral necklace, bracelet, earring, etc A woman in a similar fashion from silk bloomers, with a long shirt or jacket colorful skirt, white silk head scarf, or towel, or wear an embroidered cap, beaded ornaments, a coral necklace, bracelet, earring, etc . etiquette Tajik people attaches great importance to the etiquette, the two of them even more respect etiquette Tajik people attaches great importance to the etiquette, the two of them even more respect .
young descent to Kyo's greeting, relatives and friends when they met to shake hands, caressing his beard,Even with someone you don't know and there is also a greeting, the hands and thumb together say good young descent to Kyo's greeting, relatives and friends when they met to shake hands, caressing his beard,Even with someone you don't know and there is also a greeting, the hands and thumb together say good . Taji women dress and decorate the Compare Taji women dress and decorate the Compare .
regardless of the young, older masters like Dai very chic in a white sheet or cloth has the advantages of a dome made of embroidered cap, hat when going out on a generous scarves are generally small and white, a bride is red, and yellow of the girl child, and love wearing various decorative silver jewelleries regardless of the young, older masters like Dai very chic in a white sheet or cloth has the advantages of a dome made of embroidered cap, hat when going out on a generous scarves are generally small and white, a bride is red, and yellow of the girl child, and love wearing various decorative silver jewelleries . Tajik special reverence for the eagle, the hawks think is brave and heroic Tajik special reverence for the eagle, the hawks think is brave and heroic .
They Advocate white, think white is pure and clean;Tajik people enjoy the green, think green symbolizes happiness and good They Advocate white, think white is pure and clean;Tajik people enjoy the green, think green symbolizes happiness and good .
Diet
Tajik meals daily, which depends on the naan, butter, yogurt, milk, dairy etc, also likes to drink tea Tajik meals daily, which depends on the naan, butter, yogurt, milk, dairy etc, also likes to drink tea . them with meat as good food, love eating pilaf, like mutton, and lamb soup was the best them with meat as good food, love eating pilaf, like mutton, and lamb soup was the best .
they really like Chinese cuisine, a meal and get used to the food with a hand for the meal was they really like Chinese cuisine, a meal and get used to the food with a hand for the meal was . Tajiks in diet on has the following characteristics: 1, exquisite cuisine emphasizes fresh crisp fragrant, dishes full Tajiks in diet on has the following characteristics: 1, exquisite cuisine emphasizes fresh crisp fragrant, dishes full .
2, taste is generally salty joy, love, sweet, sour, spicy Road 2, taste is generally salty joy, love, sweet, sour, spicy Road . 3, which is the major staple food, cannot leave Nang 3, which is the major staple food, cannot leave Nang .
4, non - staple food, love eating mutton, beef, chicken, ducks and eggs;vegetables like beets, onions, peas, cucumber, potato, pea, tomato, etc.;Love with cumin spices, barberry, pepper, Cydonia oblonga, salad, sugar, salt, onion etc 5, on the preparation, frying, roasting, frying and cooking method of dishes favored 5, on the preparation, frying, roasting, frying and cooking method of dishes favored .
6, of being welcomed by the Chinese Islamic cuisine, Beijing cuisine 6, of being welcomed by the Chinese Islamic cuisine, Beijing cuisine . 7, recipes can appreciate the assorted platter, lamb, roast duck, braised cabbage and cream, barbecue, chicken with chestnuts, amber walnut meat, curry beef, lamb, etc. flavor dish Meatballs
8, water and wine, beer, wine, likes to drink in mineral water, lemon juice, orange juice, yogurt and milk tea, etc 8, water and wine, beer, wine, likes to drink in mineral water, lemon juice, orange juice, yogurt and milk tea, etc . 9, fruit like Hami melon, grape, apple, pear, watermelon and other fruits.dried fruits like apricots, raisins, chestnut etc.
Traffic
Overview
Tajikistan and the traffic conditions are poor and the main traffic is mainly by road Tajikistan and the traffic conditions are poor and the main traffic is mainly by road . .
2011 tower total freight is 6164. 3 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 0. 3%, the total amount of 5 to. 016, up year - on - year growth of 4% tower and the main traffic is mainly by road transport accounting for the total amount of 85% tower and the main traffic is mainly by road transport accounting for the total amount of 85% .
Highway
As of 2014 Tajikistan existing highways 1. 3747 km by the end of 2011 is 950,000t 5239. 7 million tons, an increase of 2. 8%, 5. 01 billion, a year - on - year growth of 3%
Railway
Tajikistan has a date in three unconnected railway lines, by Uzbekistan with the neighbouring countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the surrounding region is connected to the Tajikistan has a date in three unconnected railway lines, by Uzbekistan with the neighbouring countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the surrounding region is connected to the . 2014 Tajikistan's total railway length 950 km, using a length 616. 7 km, of which 114 kilometers have extended
2011 freight 924. 2 million tons;passenger capacity of 60 passengers
Airlift
Tajikistan mainly Dushanbe Airport, airport for Zhan Hu, the Kulyab airport Tajikistan mainly Dushanbe Airport, airport for Zhan Hu, the Kulyab airport . and Sharjah (UAE), Mashhad (Iran), New Delhi (India), Kabul (Afghanistan) Stan, Istanbul (Turkey), Munich (Germany), Urumqi (China) and other cities have international flights, as well as to Moscow, St Petersburg, Almaty, Bishkek, Osh, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and other CIS countries and an international route domestic and Sharjah (UAE), Mashhad (Iran), New Delhi (India), Kabul (Afghanistan) Stan, Istanbul (Turkey), Munich (Germany), Urumqi (China) and other cities have international flights, as well as to Moscow, St Petersburg, Almaty, Bishkek, Osh, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and other CIS countries and an international route domestic .
Hu Zhan De to Dushanbe, Khorog, Kulyab, Kent Ji Pan and other cities like Hu Zhan De to Dushanbe, Khorog, Kulyab, Kent Ji Pan and other cities like . 2011 aviation freight volume of 2500 tonnes,a year - on - year growth of 16. 9%;traffic increased by 84. 3 million, a year - on - year growth of 1%
main Dushanbe Airport has the airport, Hu occupies the old airport, the Kulyab airport main Dushanbe Airport has the airport, Hu occupies the old airport, the Kulyab airport .
Social
Education
In 2011, Tajikistan actual expenditure 11. 51974 million somoni, the GDP of 4. 7% 485 by national preschool education institutions, municipal institutions 339 and village erect mechanism 146, preschool children and in the 5. 75 million primary and secondary schools by
3817, 1455 which elementary school, middle school by 2220, 135 by private schools, evening classes and tutoring 7 students and a total of 169 million people, home to 9 million person 3817, 1455 which elementary school, middle school by 2220, 135 by private schools, evening classes and tutoring 7 students and a total of 169 million people, home to 9 million person . 2014 towers all over the country's existing 33 colleges and universities (including the campus), teachers and the population,Female teachers college students nationwide were 2014 towers all over the country's existing 33 colleges and universities (including the campus), teachers and the population,Female teachers college students nationwide were .
15. 6291.0 million men, women accounted for 29%, which from 2008 to 2009 school year students from 3. 0324 graduates 2. 1293 people, 1,161 mainly postgraduate colleges are: Tajikistan National University (established in 1948, the 4 Series, 80 professional students and more than 1. 8 million), Tajikistan University of Technology students (1. 2 million), Tajikistan (Normal University students 1. 2 million people), Slavic University (1993, Russia to jointly establish an enrollment of 0. 38 million),Mr hu's University (established in 1997, enrollment of 1. 3 million), Tajikistan (Faculty of Economics students and 1 million people), Agricultural University of Tajikistan students (0.74 million), Tajikistan (Medical University students and 0. 54 million people), Kurgan (ANU students 1. 2 million people), Kulyab UNAM students (0. 78 million people), the national university students in Khorog (0. 48 million people like
existing towers and various scientific research mechanism 56, wherein the Dushanbe 42, a total of 3735 people, 1,161 in graduate school,Women existing towers and various scientific research mechanism 56, wherein the Dushanbe 42, a total of 3735 people, 1,161 in graduate school,Women . 436 people (including secondary vocational and technical campus) 52 with a total enrollment of 3. million people
4134 4134.
Science And Technology
Tajikistan Tajikistan Academy is the highest scientific research institutions in the capital, Dushanbe, founded in 1951, is a former branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences Tajikistan Tajikistan Academy is the highest scientific research institutions in the capital, Dushanbe, founded in 1951, is a former branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences . system within established three research institutes and grid 20 system within established three research institutes and grid 20 .
Medical
Tajikistan's existing medical institutions and medical resources still cannot meet the needs of the people, the country's most cash - starved industry Tajikistan's existing medical institutions and medical resources still cannot meet the needs of the people, the country's most cash - starved industry . Tajikistan did not have health insurance system, doctors hope to pay small amounts of cash and, with some assistance from hospitals and medical institutions providing free - to - use forms, pharmaceuticals are needed to the drugstore - purchased Tajikistan did not have health insurance system, doctors hope to pay small amounts of cash and, with some assistance from hospitals and medical institutions providing free - to - use forms, pharmaceuticals are needed to the drugstore - purchased .
Tajikistan Ministry of Health has the authority of the Government, have set up the "Tajik national resources in the health care law" draft Tajikistan Ministry of Health has the authority of the Government, have set up the "Tajik national resources in the health care law" draft . According to WHO statistics, 2011 Tajikistan national health expenditure as a percentage of GDP, 5. 8%, on a purchasing - power parity basis,per capita health care costs $120
2006 - 2013, the average number of hospital beds for every 10,000 people owned 55 2006 - 2013, the average number of hospital beds for every 10,000 people owned 55 . Zhang Zhang.
Sports
Tajikistan first participated at the 1996 Olympic Games, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Tajikistan won 1 silver and 1 bronze Tajikistan first participated at the 1996 Olympic Games, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Tajikistan won 1 silver and 1 bronze . Tajik on horsemanship, and archery and shooting events could be interested in Tajik on horsemanship, and archery and shooting events could be interested in .
The Media
As of 2014 the country newspaper led 176, but the normal run of 45, which mainly are: "Voice of Asia" (2А breaks today As of 2014 the country newspaper led 176, but the normal run of 45, which mainly are: "Voice of Asia" (2А breaks today . - п л f0 and c), the private media;"The People", which grew out of the total reported to the central tower, the tower is now a member of the government report;Dushanbe Evening News", the private media;"Trybuna Ludu", the ruling party (PDP) - п л f0 and c), the private media;"The People", which grew out of the total reported to the central tower, the tower is now a member of the government report;Dushanbe Evening News", the private media;"Trybuna Ludu", the ruling party (PDP) .
newspaper column on national news agency, established in 1993, employs about 60 people, 17 people were registered journalists newspaper column on national news agency, established in 1993, employs about 60 people, 17 people were registered journalists . "2А breaks today "2А breaks today .
hilgh - je c 'f0' news agency in April 1996 of the founding of private news agency and a staff of about 30 people hilgh - je c 'f0' news agency in April 1996 of the founding of private news agency and a staff of about 30 people ." EB2 sluglike р о р y Analysis" is a news agency in 2000, announced the establishment of private news agency and a staff of 10 people, the club is sponsored by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), it is shown that the main Fergana Basin, the news agency headquartered in Rosemead J " EB2 sluglike р о р y Analysis" is a news agency in 2000, announced the establishment of private news agency and a staff of 10 people, the club is sponsored by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), it is shown that the main Fergana Basin, the news agency headquartered in Rosemead J .
c 2.90μm о 2А effect, with the news agency, was established in 2003, all private news agency the Tajik news agency in the tower only news agency in Russia, Germany and four in the permanent - press all private news agency the Tajik news agency in the tower only news agency in Russia, Germany and four in the permanent - press .
2014 national radio stations and 15 homes, mainly of six has been, and 1 is from state - owned enterprises (SOEs) and five independent radio station 2014 national radio stations and 15 homes, mainly of six has been, and 1 is from state - owned enterprises (SOEs) and five independent radio station . "EB2 sluglike 2.90μm sluglike?? Radio National", established in 1993, using a Persian - language;"Voice of Asia (2А breaks today
- п л f0 and c) broadcasting station", the 1996 establishment of private radio stations, 24 - hour broadcast in Russian;"Libre", in 2004, that Russian people investing in the establishment of private radio stations, 24 - hour broadcast in Russian - п л f0 and c) broadcasting station", the 1996 establishment of private radio stations, 24 - hour broadcast in Russian;"Libre", in 2004, that Russian people investing in the establishment of private radio stations, 24 - hour broadcast in Russian . tower all the stations that are not used together with the short - wave broadcasts, the tower was not able to hear tower all the stations that are not used together with the short - wave broadcasts, the tower was not able to hear .
overseas" column appeared on national television to "the largest scale, established in 1993, a day use the Persian and Russian overseas" column appeared on national television to "the largest scale, established in 1993, a day use the Persian and Russian . play column all independent television stations were hired," state TV "channels broadcasting their own made the program, do not have their own launcher play column all independent television stations were hired," state TV "channels broadcasting their own made the program, do not have their own launcher .
Living Standards
In 2011 the average 426 Somoni, $87. $3 tower industry wages, the lowest - income of agriculture was only 137. 99 Somoni, government mechanism 629. 49 Somoni
tower industry as the highest wage credit, insurance and finance, with the average wage is 1668. 3 Somoni tower prices remain fairly high, prices are about $1,000 / m2 tower prices remain fairly high, prices are about $1,000 / m2 .
tower for domestic production capacity is limited, most of the goods to be imported from abroad, there are nearly one - sixth of the population in work abroad, 2011 remit 30. 39 billion in revenue, about 50 per cent of GDP in 2011, the tower's official national employment 217. 62 million of the unemployed as well as 5.55 million, an unemployment rate of 6%
tower employed according to department statistics, agriculture accounted for 48. 0%, 18. 1%, 8. 1%, industry 6. 0%, the administrative department for industry and 3. 4%, 3. 0%, 2. 6%
