Physical Properties
succinic acid, succinic acid, molecular formula C4H6O4, is colorless or white, odorless and have acidity of solid succinic acid, succinic acid, molecular formula C4H6O4, is colorless or white, odorless and have acidity of solid . has two crystal forms (alpha - and beta - type), Alpha - type in 137 DEG C or less stable, while the beta - type stable at 137 C has two crystal forms (alpha - and beta - type), Alpha - type in 137 DEG C or less stable, while the beta - type stable at 137 C .
in sublimation can be distilled under reduced pressure, ambient temperature, the refractive index (n20): 1. 405, standard combustion enthalpy (vapor) (kJ. mol - 1): 1608 -. 7, the gas phase standard heat (enthalpy) claiming (kJ. mol - 1): 822 -. 6, the crystal phase (phase) standard combustion enthalpy (kJ. mol - 1):1491 -. 26, the crystal phase of the standard heat (enthalpy) claiming (kJ. mol - 1): 940 -. 27, the crystal phase of the standard entropy (J mol - 1 K - 1): 167. 32, the crystal phase of the standard free energy of formation in kJ. mol - 1): 744 -. 25, the critical temperature (deg C): 557. 85, the critical pressure (KPa): 6.59, Solubility: 1 g of product was dissolved in 13 ml of cold water, 1 ml of boiling water, 18 ml of ethanol, 6.3 ml of methanol, 36 ml acetone, 20 ml of glycerol, 113 ml of ether, soluble in hot water,Practically insoluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride and petroleum ether; flash point (deg C): 110?
Chemical Properties
Succinic acid dehydration is heated rapidly to form a succinic anhydride, it is a compound having a furan ring Succinic acid dehydration is heated rapidly to form a succinic anhydride, it is a compound having a furan ring . .
With alkali reaction also can occur esterification and reduction, said heated for dehydration to succinic anhydride With alkali reaction also can occur esterification and reduction, said heated for dehydration to succinic anhydride . .
Main Uses
is mainly used for the preparation of succinic anhydride as well as the heterocyclic compound is mainly used for the preparation of succinic anhydride as well as the heterocyclic compound . is also used in the preparation of the alkyd resin (by succinic acid production of the alkyd resin has good flexibility, elasticity and water resistance to the is also used in the preparation of the alkyd resin (by succinic acid production of the alkyd resin has good flexibility, elasticity and water resistance to the .
), paint, dye (succinic acid diphenyl ester intermediates of dye, anthraquinone and anthraquinone dye reaction is produced after the ), paint, dye (succinic acid diphenyl ester intermediates of dye, anthraquinone and anthraquinone dye reaction is produced after the .), food (flavourings succinate may also be made foodstuff sourness agent for wine, feed, and candy flavoring) ), food (flavourings succinate may also be made foodstuff sourness agent for wine, feed, and candy flavoring) .
, , . es in photographic materials, etc. It can be used for producing a sulfa drug, vitamin A, vitamin B and other anti - convulsants, phlegm - loosening agent, diuretic and hemostatic drug
as chemical reagent used in the method of standard reagent, a buffering agent,gas chromatography - Comparative Sample as chemical reagent used in the method of standard reagent, a buffering agent,gas chromatography - Comparative Sample . may also be used as a lubricant and a surfactant to the raw material is mainly used for preparing may also be used as a lubricant and a surfactant to the raw material is mainly used for preparing .
anhydride succinic acid esters and other derivatives, are useful as coatings, dyes, adhesives, pharmaceutical raw material such as anhydride succinic acid esters and other derivatives, are useful as coatings, dyes, adhesives, pharmaceutical raw material such as .
Pharmacological Action
1. Antibacterial effect of succinic acid in 2 mg / ml to Staphylococcus aureus, and typhoid, aeruginosa, deformation, bacteria inhibition 2. The central inhibition in rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats and dogs were given each an intraperitoneal injection of succinate can protect animals against high pressures, with the whole idea of electroconvulsive seizure
anticonvulsant action with the increase of GABA content related to the effect of analgesia to anticonvulsant action with the increase of GABA content related to the effect of analgesia to . writhing test in mice, but also sedation and hypothermic effect writhing test in mice, but also sedation and hypothermic effect .
3. Anti - ulcer Action of rat pylorus ligatured gastric ulcer produced by intraperitoneal injection or oral administration of 50 mg / kg,in order to inhibit the secretion of gastric juice and gastric smooth muscle dilation by anti - ulcer effect 4. on the Immune Function of succinic acid dissolved in physiological saline, NaHCO3 was added and pH adjusted to 6.8. 4, the concentration of 11. 8%, rats and rabbits received daily intraperitoneal injection of 1 mM) (mg / kg, 2 mM (295 mg / kg), 5 mM (590 mg / kg), continuous injection 7 days, once a day, right after the first 4 days rat leukocytes were increased (P 0. 025), but does not significantly increase the rate of phagocytosis of
rabbits at the dose is increased,while the rate of phagocytosis also increased (P 0. 01) in specific skin reaction experiment was administered by i.p. injection of succinate 5mg / kg, within 7 days for 4 weeks, or daily for 21 days and two weeks, the rabbit visible succinate can inhibit the passive and active cutaneous anaphylaxis, and leads to a reduction in the serum of an animal antibody formed 1gE
5. detoxification action of cobra poison on succinate in evidently protect the mice, the mice immunized with primary close
Component Source
Succinic acid is a natural source of pine resin long buried into the amber, and the like, and further that widely exists in plant, animal tissue in Succinic acid is a natural source of pine resin long buried into the amber, and the like, and further that widely exists in plant, animal tissue in . species of resin, being buried underground for many years to amber, amber in containing 7. 8%
Angelica Sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, root, tuber of Ju Teng chinensis (Raf.) Merr., legume root G. Don,lobelia plants of Lo - exernal - sis Lour. leaf, Caoshanhu (sarcandra glabra) Orchidaceae glabra (Thumb.) Nakai (whole grass, sandalwood, plant thesium chinense Turcz. whole grass of Leguminosae Alfalfa leaf, radix Angelicae sinensis and the root, Araceae Ju Teng, Campanulaceae, lobelias, orchids, Sandalwood and strawberries, grapes, etc.
Preparation Method
industry facture mainly has the following kinds: 1. by oxidation, by paraffin oxidation depth of various carboxylic acid and the mixture was again subjected to steam distillation and crystallization, and the like after the separation step may be succinic acid 2. hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or fumaric acid in the presence of a catalyst under hydrogenation reaction of succinic acid, and separating and getting finished
catalyst is nickel or precious metal, a reaction temperature of about 130 - 140. degree. C. 3. oxo synthesis of acrylic acid, acrylic acid and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst, generate that butanedioic acid
. 4 not yet industrialized. electrolytic oxidation, and phenyl anhydride and sulfuric acid and water at a ratio of 1: 0. 5: 4 ratio,The ceramic electrolysis, the electrolytic synthesis of butanedioic acid
feedstock is maleic acid or maleic anhydride, of catholyte and anolyte with dilute sulphuric acid, separated by a cationic membrane, a cathode, an anode lead are usually used, typically a plate and frame electrolyzer synthesis feedstock is maleic acid or maleic anhydride, of catholyte and anolyte with dilute sulphuric acid, separated by a cationic membrane, a cathode, an anode lead are usually used, typically a plate and frame electrolyzer synthesis . 2.5. acetylene, the acetylene with carbon monoxide and water in CO (CO) 4 in the presence of a catalyst, in an acidic medium in the reaction may be succinic acid, the reaction temperature of 80 - 250 deg. 94 - 49 eliminatad
6. emerging of fermentation with the traditional chemical method compared to microbial fermentation has many advantages: a competitive production cost;the use of renewable agricultural resources include carbon dioxide as a raw material, is avoided due to the dependence of the petrochemical feedstock; chemical process reduces the pollution to the environment of the emerging of fermentation with the traditional chemical method compared to microbial fermentation has many advantages: a competitive production cost;the use of renewable agricultural resources include carbon dioxide as a raw material, is avoided due to the dependence of the petrochemical feedstock; chemical process reduces the pollution to the environment of the .
in the laboratory, the succinic acid with two molecules of sodium salt of diethyl malonate is reacted with iodine, then hydrolytic decarboxylation with in the laboratory, the succinic acid with two molecules of sodium salt of diethyl malonate is reacted with iodine, then hydrolytic decarboxylation with .
Safety
Toxicity Protection
have less toxicity to the eyes, skin, mucosal stimulation by wind, not very harmful have less toxicity to the eyes, skin, mucosal stimulation by wind, not very harmful . Oral large dose can cause vomiting and diarrhea in rats with oral LD50 is Oral large dose can cause vomiting and diarrhea in rats with oral LD50 is .
8530mg / kg 8530mg / kg . when used on an industrial scale, no occupational damage reports when used on an industrial scale, no occupational damage reports .
succinate from handling or from contact with steam must also be attached to all PPE, lest cause coughing and irritate the skin succinate from handling or from contact with steam must also be attached to all PPE, lest cause coughing and irritate the skin . environmental hazards: Dangerous to the environment, water and air pollution can cause environmental hazards: Dangerous to the environment, water and air pollution can cause .
Explosive hazard: this product is flammable and irritating Explosive hazard: this product is flammable and irritating . hazardous characteristics: Case of open flame, hazardous characteristics: Case of open flame,.
hyperpyrexia combustible powder can form an explosive mixture with air, when reaching a certain concentration, the Martian might explode hyperpyrexia combustible powder can form an explosive mixture with air, when reaching a certain concentration, the Martian might explode . Decomposition by heat, emit irritating smoke Decomposition by heat, emit irritating smoke .
Handling Of Accidents
Emergency treatment and disposal methods, leakage emergency processing interrupts the wear mask and ordinary fire protective clothing Emergency treatment and disposal methods, leakage emergency processing interrupts the wear mask and ordinary fire protective clothing . wash with water. Discharge diluted washing water is discharged into the waste water system
as a large amount of leakage, the collection or recovery and abandoning after innocuous treatment as a large amount of leakage, the collection or recovery and abandoning after innocuous treatment . II, protective measures respiratory protection: there is generally no need for special protection, in case of high concentration may be worn by air line respirators II, protective measures respiratory protection: there is generally no need for special protection, in case of high concentration may be worn by air line respirators .
Eye protection: wear the chemical safety goggles if necessary Eye protection: wear the chemical safety goggles if necessary . Body protection: wear acid and alkali protection overall Body protection: wear acid and alkali protection overall .
Hand protection: wear rubber gloves Hand protection: wear rubber gloves . Other: prohibited in the workplace smoking three Other: prohibited in the workplace smoking three .
. pay attention to personal hygiene, first aid measures Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothes,flush with flowing pay attention to personal hygiene, first aid measures Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothes,flush with flowing .
eye contact: Lift the eyelid immediately; use running water to wash for 15 minutes eye contact: Lift the eyelid immediately; use running water to wash for 15 minutes . .
hospitalizing Inhalation: remove to fresh air hospitalizing Inhalation: remove to fresh air . .
hospitalizing Ingestion: ingestion were rinsed with water then drink adequate warm water, induce vomiting hospitalizing Ingestion: ingestion were rinsed with water then drink adequate warm water, induce vomiting . .
hospitalized for fire - extinguishing method: fog water, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide hospitalized for fire - extinguishing method: fog water, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide . 1 1.
Storage Method
1. Store in a cool, well - ventilated away from the tinder and heat sources with away from the tinder and heat sources with .
, oxidants, reductants, bases are stored separately. Combined storage is prohibited. The equipped with appropriate fire - fighting equipment and the purchase quantity shall be prepared in storage area of the material suitable for accommodating leakage shall be prepared in storage area of the material suitable for accommodating leakage .
Other Related
dried scallop (w / v% disodium succinate, Process of); Japan's application of genetically modified micro - organisms producing succinic acid, and the cost is reduced to below $1 per kilogram; in sugar metabolism in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) pathway is one of the intermediate product succinic dried scallop (w / v% disodium succinate, Process of); Japan's application of genetically modified micro - organisms producing succinic acid, and the cost is reduced to below $1 per kilogram; in sugar metabolism in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) pathway is one of the intermediate product succinic .
Calculation Of Chemical Data
1, hydrophobic parameter to calculate a reference value (): - 0. 62, the hydrogen - bonding donor number: 23, the hydrogen bond acceptor number: 44, can be rotated the number of bonds to: 35, and a tautomer: 6, molecular topological polar surface area (TPSA): 74. 67, the heavy atom number: 88, and the surface of the charge: 09, complexity: 92. 610, the number of isotope atom: 011, determine atom stereocenter number: 0.012, does not determine the number of atoms to be stereocenters: 013, determine the number of chemical bonds with the stereocenter: 014,determine the chemical bond is not a stereocenter number: 015, the covalent bond unit number: 1
