Information
A Basic Introduction
Name in dimethylformamide CAS NO. 68 - 12 - 2 Chinese alias N, N - dimethylformamide; N - formyl dimethylamine; formyl dimethylamine; N, N - dimethylformamide; dimethyl formamide; dimethyl amine 098 - 01; N, N - dimethylformamide (analytical grade); N, N - dimethylformamide (spectroscopic grade), anhydrous N, N - dimethylformamide; N, N - dimethylformamide; DMF (N, N - dimethylformamide); LEDA English N dimethylformamide HPLC, N - n - Propyl (AKOS BBS - 00004259;; DMF; DMFA;; ACID;; NN, N,N ', N - -; amide, n, n - dimethyl -;;; (czech);;;;; (czech); DMF (Amide) EINECS 200 - 679 - 5
Writing Mode
molecular formula C3H7NO molecular weight 73. 09 which the general structural formula
Nature
Physical Properties
N, N - dimethylformamide; N, N - -; DMF; CAS: 68 - 12 - 2 Properties: colorless,Dan ammonia odor of the liquid formula C3 H7 - - N, N - dimethylformamide; N, N - -; DMF; CAS: 68 - 12 - 2 Properties: colorless,Dan ammonia odor of the liquid formula C3 H7 - - . - - .
N O molecular weight 73. 10 relative density 0. 9445 (25. degree. C.) melting point 61 C
- - . boiling point 152. 8
flash point 57. degree. C. C. 78 vapor density 2. 51
vapor pressure 0. No air leaks (3. 7mmHg25. degree. C.) autoignition point 445 C autoignition point 445 C .
KOGYO CO., LTD., 428,173,200 dollars, solubility parameter 6 = 12. 1 steam and air mixture explosion limits 2. 2 ~ 15. 2%
with water and standard organic solvents miscible with petroleum ether, a mixed layere with water and standard organic solvents miscible with petroleum ether, a mixed layere . when it contacts an open fire or high fever may cause combustion and explosion when it contacts an open fire or high fever may cause combustion and explosion .
with concentrated sulfuric acid,fuming nitric acid reacts violently and even explosion hazard markers with concentrated sulfuric acid,fuming nitric acid reacts violently and even explosion hazard markers . 7 (flammable liquid) mainly is mainly used as industrial solvents, the pharmaceutical industry for the production of vitamins, hormones, and also for the manufacture of chlordimeform 7 (flammable liquid) mainly is mainly used as industrial solvents, the pharmaceutical industry for the production of vitamins, hormones, and also for the manufacture of chlordimeform .
1 1.
Chemical Properties
appearance properties of the colorless liquid with slight special odor appearance properties of the colorless liquid with slight special odor . solubility with water - miscible,miscible with most organic solvents solubility with water - miscible,miscible with most organic solvents .
melting point 61 - C specific rotation 0. 94 degrees so that the boiling point of 153 C (lit.) of a density of 0.948 g / mL at 20 C vapor density of 2.5 (vs) to the vapor pressure of 2. 7 mm Hg (20 C) having a refractive index n20 / D 1. 430 (lit.) flash point 136 F storage conditions Store at RT. The water solubility of the soluble sensitivityMerck c 14, 3243 BRN 605365 homopolysaccharide 0. 94
Safety Terminology
S45In case of accident or if you feel, seek medical advice immediately (show the label possible.) If an accident occurs or feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (if possible, S53Avoid tag) to produce an exposure - obtain special instructions before use. Avoid exposure - Obtain special instructions before use
Manufacturing
DMF may be dimethylamine and carbon monoxide in the catalytic reaction under low temperature and low pressure to manufacture DMF may be dimethylamine and carbon monoxide in the catalytic reaction under low temperature and low pressure to manufacture .
Safety
in dimethylformamide using sodium hydride to react with a certain risk of in dimethylformamide using sodium hydride to react with a certain risk of . has been reported that at 26 C under low temperature, and exothermic decomposition reactions of the has been reported that at 26 C under low temperature, and exothermic decomposition reactions of the .
In laboratory scale, any release of heat (usually) will soon be found and controlled using an ice bath, and therefore the combination of dimethylformamide with sodium hydride is still quite common In laboratory scale, any release of heat (usually) will soon be found and controlled using an ice bath, and therefore the combination of dimethylformamide with sodium hydride is still quite common . however, in a pilot plant scale, can be used to have many accidents occur however, in a pilot plant scale, can be used to have many accidents occur .
Toxicity
dimethyl amine with human cancers and various surrogate, and dimethyl amine with human cancers and various surrogate, and . caused birth defects in some industry sectors, women are the prohibition of the use of dimethylformamide in the presence of amine caused birth defects in some industry sectors, women are the prohibition of the use of dimethylformamide in the presence of amine .
dimethyl amine is viscous and is difficult to evaporate, the solvent is very disturbing, in many reactions, available dimethyl sulfoxide instead of dimethyl amine is viscous and is difficult to evaporate, the solvent is very disturbing, in many reactions, available dimethyl sulfoxide instead of . many manufacturers Material Safety Data Sheet, a dimethyl amine of health hazards listed in () or chronic (lifelong), dimethyl amine, it is not easy for human body discharge many manufacturers Material Safety Data Sheet, a dimethyl amine of health hazards listed in () or chronic (lifelong), dimethyl amine, it is not easy for human body discharge .
While the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) dimethyl amine did not have a cancer risk, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),dimethyl amine is believed to be a carcinogen While the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) dimethyl amine did not have a cancer risk, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),dimethyl amine is believed to be a carcinogen .
Risk Of Term
R20 / 21Harmful by and in contact with the skin. / 21Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin / eyes to R36Irritating.
R61May cause irritation of the eyes a harm to the child. - -potentially leading to fetal injury
Main Uses
Use of an ethylene resin and serves as an analytical reagent, the solvent use acetylene glycol is an excellent kind of organic solvent, is used as the polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, a solvent is also used as extraction agent, a pharmaceutical raw material and the pesticide chlordimeform uses three of the dimethylformamide is both an extremely useful industrial chemicals, is a widely - used solvent in the Use of an ethylene resin and serves as an analytical reagent, the solvent use acetylene glycol is an excellent kind of organic solvent, is used as the polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, a solvent is also used as extraction agent, a pharmaceutical raw material and the pesticide chlordimeform uses three of the dimethylformamide is both an extremely useful industrial chemicals, is a widely - used solvent in the . dimethylformamide on a variety of polymer such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, etc is a good solvent for polyacrylonitrile fibers of synthetic fibers such as wet spinning,Synthesis of Polyurethanes; for the plastic film can also be made for removing paint removers; it also is capable of dissolving some of the low solubility of the pigment, the pigment dye with the features of dimethylformamide on a variety of polymer such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, etc is a good solvent for polyacrylonitrile fibers of synthetic fibers such as wet spinning,Synthesis of Polyurethanes; for the plastic film can also be made for removing paint removers; it also is capable of dissolving some of the low solubility of the pigment, the pigment dye with the features of .
dimethylformamide for aromatics extraction from the C4 fraction in the separation and recovery of butadiene from carbon 5 fraction separation and recovery of isoprene, and also can be used as the paraffin from the non - hydrocarbon component in the separation of the effective agent dimethylformamide for aromatics extraction from the C4 fraction in the separation and recovery of butadiene from carbon 5 fraction separation and recovery of isoprene, and also can be used as the paraffin from the non - hydrocarbon component in the separation of the effective agent . it on isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid solubility and good selectivity: isophthalic acid in dimethylformamide is greater than the solubility of the terephthalic acid, dicarboxylic acid in the solvent extraction is carried out in formamide or partially crystalline, it on isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid solubility and good selectivity: isophthalic acid in dimethylformamide is greater than the solubility of the terephthalic acid, dicarboxylic acid in the solvent extraction is carried out in formamide or partially crystalline,.
may be discrete parts in the petrochemical industry, dimethylformamide can be used as the gas absorbent, the separation and refining gas may be discrete parts in the petrochemical industry, dimethylformamide can be used as the gas absorbent, the separation and refining gas . in organic reaction, dimethylformamide is a wide range and was used as the reaction solvent, it is also the important intermediate of organic synthesis in organic reaction, dimethylformamide is a wide range and was used as the reaction solvent, it is also the important intermediate of organic synthesis .
pesticide available in the industrial production of chlordimeform; es in iodine can be used to synthesize pyrimidine amine, doxycycline, cortisol, vitamin B6, idoxuridine, pinworm net, pyrantel, N - formyl sarcolysin, chloramphenalan, methoxymerphalan Bian (carmustine), CCNU, ftorafur, tranexamic acid, split times, Dex, megestrol, abstained,chlorpheniramine etc pesticide available in the industrial production of chlordimeform; es in iodine can be used to synthesize pyrimidine amine, doxycycline, cortisol, vitamin B6, idoxuridine, pinworm net, pyrantel, N - formyl sarcolysin, chloramphenalan, methoxymerphalan Bian (carmustine), CCNU, ftorafur, tranexamic acid, split times, Dex, megestrol, abstained,chlorpheniramine etc . dimethylformamide in hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, dewatering and dehydrohalogenation of the reaction in the oxidation reaction, the temperature of the reaction, the purity of the product increases by dimethylformamide in hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, dewatering and dehydrohalogenation of the reaction in the oxidation reaction, the temperature of the reaction, the purity of the product increases by .
4 uses a non - aqueous titration reagent, vinyl acetylene and solvent, organic synthesis, it is possible to determine GC stationary liquid (maximum use temperature of 50.d egree. C., the solvent is methanol), C2 - C5 hydrocarbon separation analysis, and for the separation of normal isobutylene - cis, cis - butene - .
. in pesticide residue analysis of organic synthesis of the peptide synthesis in pesticide residue analysis of organic synthesis of the peptide synthesis .
. photographic industry photographic industry.
Product Information
upstream raw material: methanol - ammonia - methoxide - formate - dimethylamine - carbon monoxide - chloral - methyl formate - hydrogen - - (5 - methyl - furfuryl) downstream of the product:5 - formaldehyde indole - 4 - (1H - imidazol - 1 - yl) - benzoic acid 1 - (2,4 - dimethyl - 1H - quinoline - 3 - yl) ethanone hydrochloride - 1 - (1 - methyl - piperidin - 4 - yl) piperazine - 1 -, 3 - chloro - 4 - oxymethylene - 4 - amino - 6 - chloro - 5 - carbaldehyde pyrimidine - - 3, 4 - dicarboxylic acid - 4, 6 - dichloro - 5 - pyrimidin - 2 - carboxaldehyde, 4 - dimethyl - 1H - quinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid ethyl - Emiterur - - N - ethyl - 2 - aminomethyl pyrrolidine - sydnone - octenidine - 4 - methyl - 2 - (1H -pyrazol - 2 - yl) - quinoline - 1 - (4 - methylphenyl) sulfonyl - 1H - indol - 3 - carboxaldehyde - 3, 5 - difluoro phenylacetic acid - 2 - cyano - 5 - methyl - pyridin - 1 - methyl - 3 - amino - pyrazolo - 3, B - 4 - pyridin - 4 - acetamido - 3 - nitro - benzoic acid (SRT) of labetalol - a new class of liquid crystal polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5 - nitro - 2 - hydroxy - pyridine - 3 - chloro - pyridin - 2 - carbonyl chloride hydrochloride - - 4 - (N,N - dimethylamino) -2 - chloro - 2 - pyrimidinyl - methyl prednisolone acid ester - ethylene - propylene - 1 - (3 - pyridyl) - 3 - (dimethylamino) - 2 - propen - 1 - one - 2,2 - bithiophene - 5 - acetaldehyde - halofuginone - etomidate - olprinone - biphenyl diesterupstream raw material: methanol - ammonia - methoxide - formate - dimethylamine - carbon monoxide - chloral - methyl formate - hydrogen - - (5 - methyl - furfuryl) downstream of the product:5 - formaldehyde indole - 4 - (1H - imidazol - 1 - yl) - benzoic acid 1 - (2,4 - dimethyl - 1H - quinoline - 3 - yl) ethanone hydrochloride - 1 - (1 - methyl - piperidin - 4 - yl) piperazine - 1 -, 3 - chloro - 4 - oxymethylene - 4 - amino - 6 - chloro - 5 - carbaldehyde pyrimidine - - 3, 4 - dicarboxylic acid - 4, 6 - dichloro - 5 - pyrimidin - 2 - carboxaldehyde, 4 - dimethyl - 1H - quinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid ethyl - Emiterur - - N - ethyl - 2 - aminomethyl pyrrolidine - sydnone - octenidine - 4 - methyl - 2 - (1H -pyrazol - 2 - yl) - quinoline - 1 - (4 - methylphenyl) sulfonyl - 1H - indol - 3 - carboxaldehyde - 3, 5 - difluoro phenylacetic acid - 2 - cyano - 5 - methyl - pyridin - 1 - methyl - 3 - amino - pyrazolo - 3, B - 4 - pyridin - 4 - acetamido - 3 - nitro - benzoic acid (SRT) of labetalol - a new class of liquid crystal polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5 - nitro - 2 - hydroxy - pyridine - 3 - chloro - pyridin - 2 - carbonyl chloride hydrochloride - - 4 - (N,N - dimethylamino) -2 - chloro - 2 - pyrimidinyl - methyl prednisolone acid ester - ethylene - propylene - 1 - (3 - pyridyl) - 3 - (dimethylamino) - 2 - propen - 1 - one - 2,2 - bithiophene - 5 - acetaldehyde - halofuginone - etomidate - olprinone - biphenyl diester.
FIRE - FIGHTING MEASURES
The water spray, dry chemical powder, alcohol - resistant foam, carbon dioxide, sand, extinguishing water in fire scene The water spray, dry chemical powder, alcohol - resistant foam, carbon dioxide, sand, extinguishing water in fire scene . .
in the cooling container in the cooling container.
Storage Instructions
Packing mark: Flammable liquid Packing mark: Flammable liquid . packaging method: (class III) glass bottle outside packaging method: (class III) glass bottle outside .
wooden boxes, lined with non - combustible material or of aluminium, galvanized iron bucket wooden boxes, lined with non - combustible material or of aluminium, galvanized iron bucket . Storage condition: store in a cool and ventilated storehouse Storage condition: store in a cool and ventilated storehouse .
room away from the tinder and heat sources room away from the tinder and heat sources . with alkyl halides, nitrate, nitrate ester, methane diisocyanate, carbon tetrachloride, phosphorus trioxide, triethyl aluminum, oxidizers and acids isolated storage with alkyl halides, nitrate, nitrate ester, methane diisocyanate, carbon tetrachloride, phosphorus trioxide, triethyl aluminum, oxidizers and acids isolated storage .
Load and unload slightly during handling, packaging and maintaining complete Load and unload slightly during handling, packaging and maintaining complete .
Leakage Treatment
First off all ignition sources, wear mask and gloves First off all ignition sources, wear mask and gloves . was rinsed with water, the diluted sewage into the wastewater system was rinsed with water, the diluted sewage into the wastewater system .
Contact Opportunity
acetylene. It is mainly used for the extraction and manufacture of polyacrylonitrile fibres of solvent, is also used in organic synthesis, the dye, pharmaceutical, oil refining and industrial resins and the like in the posts may be due to contact with steam while the posts may be due to contact with steam while the .
DMF poisoning causes the majority of acute poisoning due to production faults, equipment leaking, or at the time, no effective protective measures, a large exposure to toxic substances, the poisoning is often inhaled and absorbed through the skin, and skin absorption DMF poisoning causes the majority of acute poisoning due to production faults, equipment leaking, or at the time, no effective protective measures, a large exposure to toxic substances, the poisoning is often inhaled and absorbed through the skin, and skin absorption . other poisoning is rare, but there will be oral and enema in the treatment of ulcerative colitis as a product of drug - induced severe poisoning cases other poisoning is rare, but there will be oral and enema in the treatment of ulcerative colitis as a product of drug - induced severe poisoning cases .
Mechanism Of Toxic Effect
DMF toxicity mechanism of action is still not completely understood, it is currently believed that its metabolic processes related to its DMF toxicity mechanism of action is still not completely understood, it is currently believed that its metabolic processes related to its . DMF methyl alkylation to produce an N - methyl - amide (methanol), partially decomposed into hydroxymethyl methyl formamide (NMF) and formaldehyde, NMF can be hydroxylated, and then decomposes into formamide (F), and a small number of DMF will be excreted in the urine discharge DMF methyl alkylation to produce an N - methyl - amide (methanol), partially decomposed into hydroxymethyl methyl formamide (NMF) and formaldehyde, NMF can be hydroxylated, and then decomposes into formamide (F), and a small number of DMF will be excreted in the urine discharge .
experiments, NMF stronger toxicity to DNF and experiments, NMF stronger toxicity to DNF and . NMF generates or N - methyl carbamoyl cysteine (AMCC) in the process of the activated intermediate product is possible (methyl isocyanate),having electrophilicity and protein, DNA, RNA macromolecules such as nucleophilic centres are covalently bound, to cause a kidney organ damage NMF generates or N - methyl carbamoyl cysteine (AMCC) in the process of the activated intermediate product is possible (methyl isocyanate),having electrophilicity and protein, DNA, RNA macromolecules such as nucleophilic centres are covalently bound, to cause a kidney organ damage .
A Way To Invade
They may pass through the respiratory tract, skin and digestive tract absorption They may pass through the respiratory tract, skin and digestive tract absorption . Toxicological Profile for per - oral LD50 in rats: 2800 mg / kg; LC50 inhalation: 5000 ppm / 6H Toxicological Profile for per - oral LD50 in rats: 2800 mg / kg; LC50 inhalation: 5000 ppm / 6H .
mouse oral LD50 of 3700 mg / kg; LC50 inhalation: 94 mg / m3 / 2H mouse oral LD50 of 3700 mg / kg; LC50 inhalation: 94 mg / m3 / 2H . osteogenesis of percutaneous LD50: mg / kg osteogenesis of percutaneous LD50: mg / kg .
4720 poison after absorption via various routes, mainly via the liver microsomal mixed function oxidase to perform demethylation, and now you are a methyl group, and the metabolic products of monomethyl formamide and formamide, rapid metabolism and formamide in a slightly longer retention in blood,which in turn is metabolized to formic acid and ammonia is discharged, the portion of the dimethylformamide is unchanged from the urine and exhalation discharge 4720 poison after absorption via various routes, mainly via the liver microsomal mixed function oxidase to perform demethylation, and now you are a methyl group, and the metabolic products of monomethyl formamide and formamide, rapid metabolism and formamide in a slightly longer retention in blood,which in turn is metabolized to formic acid and ammonia is discharged, the portion of the dimethylformamide is unchanged from the urine and exhalation discharge . people daily inhalation of DMF at a concentration of 63 mg / m ^ 3 / 4 hours, 5 days, 4 hours of contact, the blood in the DMF has not detected the inhalation at a concentration of 30 mg / m ^ 3, 24 hours and the discharge amount of the metabolite comprised 61 ~ 86%; inhalation at a concentration of 60 mg / m ^ 3, 24 - hour urine of methyl formamide in an amount not exceeding 30 mg within 48 hours, and has failed to detect a concentration of 27 mg / m ^ 3, inhalation of 5 days,24 hour urine methyl formamide in an amount of about 25 mg, 24 hours urine in a methyl carboxamide exceed 60mg, prompt contact DMF concentration has exceeded the 60 mg / m ^ 3, and was found to be in a methyl formamide DMF can be used as predictors of people daily inhalation of DMF at a concentration of 63 mg / m ^ 3 / 4 hours, 5 days, 4 hours of contact, the blood in the DMF has not detected the inhalation at a concentration of 30 mg / m ^ 3, 24 hours and the discharge amount of the metabolite comprised 61 ~ 86%; inhalation at a concentration of 60 mg / m ^ 3, 24 - hour urine of methyl formamide in an amount not exceeding 30 mg within 48 hours, and has failed to detect a concentration of 27 mg / m ^ 3, inhalation of 5 days,24 hour urine methyl formamide in an amount of about 25 mg, 24 hours urine in a methyl carboxamide exceed 60mg, prompt contact DMF concentration has exceeded the 60 mg / m ^ 3, and was found to be in a methyl formamide DMF can be used as predictors of .
of the eye, skin and respiratory tract after of the eye, skin and respiratory tract after . invade the body, mainly by hepatic metabolism, is excreted faster, the liver, the kidney damage also has a certain, moderate toxioity invade the body, mainly by hepatic metabolism, is excreted faster, the liver, the kidney damage also has a certain, moderate toxioity .
Clinical Manifestation
respiratory tract after inhalation generally 6 ~ 12 hours after the occurrence of acute poisoning; skin intrusion, latency can be relatively long, and it is also possible that the skin burns heal after the re - occurrence reports respiratory tract after inhalation generally 6 ~ 12 hours after the occurrence of acute poisoning; skin intrusion, latency can be relatively long, and it is also possible that the skin burns heal after the re - occurrence reports . subacute poisoning of poisoning cases, from the contact to the onset of 2 ~ 4 weeks time subacute poisoning of poisoning cases, from the contact to the onset of 2 ~ 4 weeks time .
Clinical Characteristics
irritative symptoms: DMF vapour may cause eye, upper respiratory tract with mild to moderate symptoms of skin irritation irritative symptoms: DMF vapour may cause eye, upper respiratory tract with mild to moderate symptoms of skin irritation .: skin contamination may be caused by mild to severe burns and the like, skin wrinkling, skin whitening, accompanied by burning sensation, evenly may make the skin swelling and swelling, severe burning pain : skin contamination may be caused by mild to severe burns and the like, skin wrinkling, skin whitening, accompanied by burning sensation, evenly may make the skin swelling and swelling, severe burning pain .
eye: eye pollution caused by burning, tearing, conjunctival hyperemia; in severe cases can lead to corneal necrosis eye: eye pollution caused by burning, tearing, conjunctival hyperemia; in severe cases can lead to corneal necrosis . GI symptoms common in patients with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort and constipation, etc, were upper abdominal pain in the GI symptoms common in patients with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort and constipation, etc, were upper abdominal pain in the .
liver: acute poisoning on liver damage constant relatively outstanding, the patient has significant fatigue, right upper abdominal pain, malaise, jaundice, progressive liver swelling, tenderness,conventional liver function test showed abnormalities, wherein the serum transaminase rised obviously liver: acute poisoning on liver damage constant relatively outstanding, the patient has significant fatigue, right upper abdominal pain, malaise, jaundice, progressive liver swelling, tenderness,conventional liver function test showed abnormalities, wherein the serum transaminase rised obviously . lesions generally not severe, treatment can be lightened, and within weeks of the illness can be cured with lesions generally not severe, treatment can be lightened, and within weeks of the illness can be cured with .
severe acute poisoning: characterized by severe toxic hepatopathy, occupational poisoning is rare, high - concentration contact, especially severe soiling of the skin, not timely and completely cleared, should be performed to confirm the occurrence of severe poisoning severe acute poisoning: characterized by severe toxic hepatopathy, occupational poisoning is rare, high - concentration contact, especially severe soiling of the skin, not timely and completely cleared, should be performed to confirm the occurrence of severe poisoning . non - occupational poisoning: the former had suffered from chronic ulcerative colitis patients, and DMF as enema, as the treatment of drug - induced liver disease, the state of the disease, similar to subacute liver necrosis hepatitis, hepatic coma occurred within 2 weeks, the prognosis of non - occupational poisoning: the former had suffered from chronic ulcerative colitis patients, and DMF as enema, as the treatment of drug - induced liver disease, the state of the disease, similar to subacute liver necrosis hepatitis, hepatic coma occurred within 2 weeks, the prognosis of .
special danger:original suffer a variety of causes of liver disease, with DMF being sensitive to the special danger:original suffer a variety of causes of liver disease, with DMF being sensitive to the .
Diagnosis
Clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal system symptoms first appear in the future to spend toxic sex liverish performance Clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal system symptoms first appear in the future to spend toxic sex liverish performance . biological detecting: Blood in the urine was measured in dimethyl formamide or a formamide methyl, as the product of absorption index biological detecting: Blood in the urine was measured in dimethyl formamide or a formamide methyl, as the product of absorption index .
liver function test abnormal, can be used as indicators of liver lesion liver function test abnormal, can be used as indicators of liver lesion . comprehensive analysis site, clinical characteristics, diagnosis was generally not difficult, when the group took place in liver disease, should be done on - the - spot investigation and epidemiological investigation, to make a correct diagnosis of comprehensive analysis site, clinical characteristics, diagnosis was generally not difficult, when the group took place in liver disease, should be done on - the - spot investigation and epidemiological investigation, to make a correct diagnosis of .
Differential Diagnosis
mainly with acute viral hepatitis, and it should be distinguished from the CGF is often caused by liver disease misdiagnosed as viral hepatitis, more attention should be paid to early mainly with acute viral hepatitis, and it should be distinguished from the CGF is often caused by liver disease misdiagnosed as viral hepatitis, more attention should be paid to early . is the emphasis on differential diagnosis interrogation of poison (Shi, field investigation, observation, as well as the correct evaluation of the viral hepatitis of serum markers for diagnosis and the like in addition to is the emphasis on differential diagnosis interrogation of poison (Shi, field investigation, observation, as well as the correct evaluation of the viral hepatitis of serum markers for diagnosis and the like in addition to .
and and . the disease should be differentiated from the disease should be differentiated from.
Processing
There are no special antidote so There are no special antidote so . skin contamination when using plenty of clean water, such as skin burns to over see; in the treatment of chemical skin burn; eye skin contamination when using plenty of clean water, such as skin burns to over see; in the treatment of chemical skin burn; eye .
contaminated rinse thoroughly; if necessary, the ophthalmic examination must be oral lavage are poisons contaminated rinse thoroughly; if necessary, the ophthalmic examination must be oral lavage are poisons . .
POINTS OF TREATMENT
Key for toxic hepatopathy: a. bed rest b. Delicate, rich in vitamins digestible
c. administering a dose of a vitamin B group d. glucose injection liquid
e. selecting one or two common therapeutic agents, such as yeast, glucuronolactone, Le, C, choline, etc f. heavier available glucocorticoid, usually dexamethasone 20 ~ 60 mg / day in divided doses, intramuscular administration, a dose less than a week, gradually decrement
, special attention should be paid to side effects, especially gastrointestinal , special attention should be paid to side effects, especially gastrointestinal . other symptomatic and supportive therapy, TCM over see other symptomatic and supportive therapy, TCM over see .
.; acute toxic hepatopathy treatment "; ; acute toxic hepatopathy treatment "; .
Precautions
1 may be in a skin burn healing after liver lesion, so that in its early stages, it should be noted that, given the necessary treatment, such as vitamin B and C, such as glucose, should close observation, presence or absence of the onset of 1 may be in a skin burn healing after liver lesion, so that in its early stages, it should be noted that, given the necessary treatment, such as vitamin B and C, such as glucose, should close observation, presence or absence of the onset of . 2 small factories in recent years; and, unaware of their toxicity, also does not pay attention to the protection, the occurrence of acute poisoning of coverage, the health sector, should strengthen the propaganda and education, this sample will cause the performance of poisonion to internist, infectious diseases physicians is introduced, so as to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of quality 2 small factories in recent years; and, unaware of their toxicity, also does not pay attention to the protection, the occurrence of acute poisoning of coverage, the health sector, should strengthen the propaganda and education, this sample will cause the performance of poisonion to internist, infectious diseases physicians is introduced, so as to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of quality .
Standard
Workplace air - hygiene: China MAC 10 mg / m ^ 3 Workplace air - hygiene: China MAC 10 mg / m ^ 3 . American ACGIH TLV TWA - 30 mg / m3 (10ppm) (skin) Dangerous: GB3. Class 3 627
UN NO. 2265 IMDG CODE 3132 - 2 of 2 3. Class 3
Accident Cases
Hong Kong - based Ta Kung Pao "reported: Guangzhou Yi garment factory early in 1999 by two more from a fabric material contained in the chemical composition of the resulting dimethylformamide poisoning event Hong Kong - based Ta Kung Pao "reported: Guangzhou Yi garment factory early in 1999 by two more from a fabric material contained in the chemical composition of the resulting dimethylformamide poisoning event . poison its source from the Zhejiang of the batch of fabric poison its source from the Zhejiang of the batch of fabric .
haizhu district of guangzhou city are adopting measures to attack the toxic cloth haizhu district of guangzhou city are adopting measures to attack the toxic cloth . Sunye garment 61 occurs subsequent to the collective, the E Center of Guangdong Province from severe intoxication poisoning more than blood and urine metabolite found in dimethylformamide, and thereby judges that the acute dimethylformamide poisoning, and more than a dozen severe symptoms of patients with symptomatic treatment Sunye garment 61 occurs subsequent to the collective, the E Center of Guangdong Province from severe intoxication poisoning more than blood and urine metabolite found in dimethylformamide, and thereby judges that the acute dimethylformamide poisoning, and more than a dozen severe symptoms of patients with symptomatic treatment .
reflect, according to the manufacturer, the cloth is opened,The workers smell a pungent odor when reflect, according to the manufacturer, the cloth is opened,The workers smell a pungent odor when . started at 4 pm to 12pm, began to have many people suffering from headaches, nausea and started at 4 pm to 12pm, began to have many people suffering from headaches, nausea and .
The investigation, which staff members are dimethylformamide poisoning The investigation, which staff members are dimethylformamide poisoning . reported numerous cases, symptoms of dimethylformamide poisoning, in Guangdong Province for the first time in the reported numerous cases, symptoms of dimethylformamide poisoning, in Guangdong Province for the first time in the .
Concerned personage thinks, toxic cloth in the past also is comparatively rare, but can be found in guangzhou is continuously found, the reason is that when it is under some dispute are dimethylformamide cloth of the surface treatment, according to a production process, the treated fabric should have a baking step, so that the cloth by the volatilization of the DMF but Concerned personage thinks, toxic cloth in the past also is comparatively rare, but can be found in guangzhou is continuously found, the reason is that when it is under some dispute are dimethylformamide cloth of the surface treatment, according to a production process, the treated fabric should have a baking step, so that the cloth by the volatilization of the DMF but .,Some manufacturers, in order to save money while omitting the procedure ,Some manufacturers, in order to save money while omitting the procedure .
Ref 1 (HF) Smyth, et al., The of toN. J Ind Hyg 1948; 30: 63. (2) JW, et al., Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1983; 24: 144. (3) Yu Pang, Y. J.etc. The acute dimethyl formamide poisoning - two case report. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1980; 315: 124. (4) chemical accident technical assistance data system
The Impact On The Environment
Health Hazard
Pathways: inhaled, ingested, percutaneous absorption Pathways: inhaled, ingested, percutaneous absorption . health hazard: Acute poisoning: mainly including the eyes and upper respiratory tract irritation, headache, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, etc health hazard: Acute poisoning: mainly including the eyes and upper respiratory tract irritation, headache, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, etc .
liver damage in general poisoning a few days later, liver enlargement, liver area pain, can appear icteric liver damage in general poisoning a few days later, liver enlargement, liver area pain, can appear icteric . poisoning through skin absorption, skin blisters, edema, a sticky brown residue, local numbness, itching, stinging poisoning through skin absorption, skin blisters, edema, a sticky brown residue, local numbness, itching, stinging .
Chronic influence: the skin, mucous membrane irritation, neurasthenia syndrome, low blood pressure still Chronic influence: the skin, mucous membrane irritation, neurasthenia syndrome, low blood pressure still . nausea, vomiting, dizziness, stomach pain, constipation and liver function changes nausea, vomiting, dizziness, stomach pain, constipation and liver function changes .
Toxicology Data For Both The Environment And Behavior
Toxicity: Acute toxicity class Toxicity: Acute toxicity class .: LD502800mg / kg (rat); rabbit 4720mg / kg (percutaneous); LC509400mg / m3, 2 hours (mouse inhalation); to be inhaled by a person 30 ~ 60ppm, gastrointestinal symptoms, abnormal liver function may be, there are jaundice, increased urine urobilinogen, proteinuria; inhale 10 20ppm (30ppm) sometimes, headache, anorexia, nausea, liver function and electrocardiogram of normal : LD502800mg / kg (rat); rabbit 4720mg / kg (percutaneous); LC509400mg / m3, 2 hours (mouse inhalation); to be inhaled by a person 30 ~ 60ppm, gastrointestinal symptoms, abnormal liver function may be, there are jaundice, increased urine urobilinogen, proteinuria; inhale 10 20ppm (30ppm) sometimes, headache, anorexia, nausea, liver function and electrocardiogram of normal .
subacute and chronic toxicity: inhalation of 2500mg / m3, 6 hours / day, 5 days, 80 percent of the deaths, with liver and lung lesions;human intake 5. 49mg / m3 x 1 ~ 3 years, neurasthenia, low blood pressure, liver functions and immunglobu lins Hazard characteristics: combustible when exposed to high temperature, open fire or in contact with the oxidant, the risk of combustion and explosion Hazard characteristics: combustible when exposed to high temperature, open fire or in contact with the oxidant, the risk of combustion and explosion .
with concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming nitric acid are react violently, even explosively with concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming nitric acid are react violently, even explosively .) with a halide such as carbon tetrachloride can react violently ) with a halide such as carbon tetrachloride can react violently .
combustion (decomposition) product: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide combustion (decomposition) product: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide . ⒊ site emergency monitoring method: gas detection tube method for high - speed measurement of the gas tube (Drager company product), Deducing laboratory monitoring methods:gas chromatography "in workplace; Methods for Toxicant Substance Determination" Steve Chen, editor - in - chief by Gas Chromato - graphy and Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry "and harmful waste water monitoring analysis" Zhou Wen Min etc to compile an exuberant standards: China (TJ36 - 70) in the air of harmful substances of the highest allowable concentration of 10mg / m3 Pi of the former Soviet Union (1975) the atmosphere in the residential pest is the maximum allowable concentration 0. 03mg / m3 (the maximum value, mean day and night) in the former Soviet Union (1975) of the body of water in harmful substances and the allowable concentration of 10mg / L. The olfactory threshold concentration was 0. 14 mg / m3
Emergency Measures
Emergency Leakage Treatment
Rapidly evacuate workers of contaminated area to safety zone, conduct isolation, and strictly limit access to or cut off fire Rapidly evacuate workers of contaminated area to safety zone, conduct isolation, and strictly limit access to or cut off fire . .
It's suggested that emergency treatment staff wear self - contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing whenever possible to cut off the leakage source It's suggested that emergency treatment staff wear self - contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing whenever possible to cut off the leakage source . .
Prevent from entering sewers, drainage such limited space as Prevent from entering sewers, drainage such limited space as . small absorb with sand or other non - combustible materials small absorb with sand or other non - combustible materials .
may also be washed with large amounts of water, the diluted washing water into the wastewater system may also be washed with large amounts of water, the diluted washing water into the wastewater system . large number of leak: to build a causeway or trenching asylum; covered with foam to mitigate vapor hazard large number of leak: to build a causeway or trenching asylum; covered with foam to mitigate vapor hazard .
for explosion proof pump into a tank truck or special collector, reclaim it or transport it to a waste disposal site for waste disposal for explosion proof pump into a tank truck or special collector, reclaim it or transport it to a waste disposal site for waste disposal . disposal method: disposal method:.
flammable waste by incineration is dissolved in a solvent, and then exit from the incinerator of the incineration flammable waste by incineration is dissolved in a solvent, and then exit from the incinerator of the incineration . gases should be passed through a caustic scrubber to remove harmful components, fibers from the settling tank and clean reactor of polyvinyl chloride in a solvent for the recovery of N, N - dimethylformamide gases should be passed through a caustic scrubber to remove harmful components, fibers from the settling tank and clean reactor of polyvinyl chloride in a solvent for the recovery of N, N - dimethylformamide .
Protective Measures
Respiratory system protection: when the concentration exceeds the standard wear filter type gas masks (half mask) Respiratory system protection: when the concentration exceeds the standard wear filter type gas masks (half mask) . Eye protection: wear the chemical safety goggles Eye protection: wear the chemical safety goggles .
Body protection: wear chemical protection cloth.When Hand protection: wear rubber gloves Hand protection: wear rubber gloves .
Other: No smoking in working place Bi Other: No smoking in working place Bi . work, work, .
shower and dress shower and dress.
First Aid Measures
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothes and wash with large quantity of flowing clean water, at least 15 minutes Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothes and wash with large quantity of flowing clean water, at least 15 minutes . .
hospitalizing Eye contact: Uplift the eyelids immediately. Wash completely with large quantity of flowing clean water or physiological silage for at least 15 minutes .
hospitalizing Inhalation: remove to fresh air quikly (upwind) hospitalizing Inhalation: remove to fresh air quikly (upwind) . .
keep respiratory tract unobstructed.Such as difficulty breathing, To oxygen.Such as breathing stops, conduct artificial respiration immediately hospitalized breathing stops, conduct artificial respiration immediately hospitalized .
. Ingestion: Drink as ample water, induce vomiting, hospitalizing Ingestion: Drink as ample water, induce vomiting, hospitalizing .
fire - extinguishing method: Extinguishing agents: fog water, dissolving resistant foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, and sand fire - extinguishing method: Extinguishing agents: fog water, dissolving resistant foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, and sand . Remove the vessels to open area if possible Remove the vessels to open area if possible .
spraying water to cool down vessels in fire sceneuntil the fire extinction is spraying water to cool down vessels in fire sceneuntil the fire extinction is .
