Overview
Ancient Greece in the Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Asia, and Africa was strategically Ancient Greece in the Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Asia, and Africa was strategically . its geographic range, roughly in the center to the peninsula, including the Aegean islands, western Asia Minor along the coast in the Ionian Islands, and southern Italy and Sicily its geographic range, roughly in the center to the peninsula, including the Aegean islands, western Asia Minor along the coast in the Ionian Islands, and southern Italy and Sicily .
of the colonies in the 5th or 6th century BC, especially after the War, the economic life of the height of its prosperity, produced a splendid Greek culture, the far - reaching influence on later generations of of the colonies in the 5th or 6th century BC, especially after the War, the economic life of the height of its prosperity, produced a splendid Greek culture, the far - reaching influence on later generations of . Ancient Greek literature, drama, sculpture, architecture, philosophy etc. - -
The heritage of civilization in ancient greece after the destruction was devastating ancient romans continue,so as to become the source of the spirit of western civilization The heritage of civilization in ancient greece after the destruction was devastating ancient romans continue,so as to become the source of the spirit of western civilization .
Time Span
Ancient Greece is the history of Greece from the 8th century BC to the beginning of the Archaic period before 146 BC was conquered by the Romans in the period leading up to the decline of Greece civilization Ancient Greece is the history of Greece from the 8th century BC to the beginning of the Archaic period before 146 BC was conquered by the Romans in the period leading up to the decline of Greece civilization . win after the Greco - Persian Wars, and in the front 5 to the Century before the 4th century, referred to as a "golden era" in win after the Greco - Persian Wars, and in the front 5 to the Century before the 4th century, referred to as a "golden era" in .
conquered by Alexander the Great after the Hellenistic civilization of the West Bank in the Mediterranean to Central Asia across a swath of diffusion conquered by Alexander the Great after the Hellenistic civilization of the West Bank in the Mediterranean to Central Asia across a swath of diffusion .
Geographical Range
Ancient Greek territory including southern Europe, north - east of the Mediterranean, including present - day south of the Balkans, Asia Minor and the Aegean Sea in the west of the Isles, Ancient Greek territory including southern Europe, north - east of the Mediterranean, including present - day south of the Balkans, Asia Minor and the Aegean Sea in the west of the Isles, .
Ancient Greeks
specific geographical conditions make the Greek people are hard to rely on farming in the fields in such a way that a certain victory, but at sea a trader, pirate or overseas to do to survive and colonise it specific geographical conditions make the Greek people are hard to rely on farming in the fields in such a way that a certain victory, but at sea a trader, pirate or overseas to do to survive and colonise it . environment early ancient Greeks free - spirited, imaginative, full of lust, of advocating the wisdom and strength of character, it also nurtures the ancient Greeks - pursuing the life value, the importance of personal status and personal dignity So environment early ancient Greeks free - spirited, imaginative, full of lust, of advocating the wisdom and strength of character, it also nurtures the ancient Greeks - pursuing the life value, the importance of personal status and personal dignity So .
cultural values, ancient Greek literature and art with colorful, bold and lively character, human society has the innocence of childhood characterized by cultural values, ancient Greek literature and art with colorful, bold and lively character, human society has the innocence of childhood characterized by .
Ancient Greek Civilization
Since ancient Greece the Gulf, and numerous islands, to navigation, well - developed, with other areas, especially with Egypt and the countries of Western Asia has extensive commercial and cultural connections Since ancient Greece the Gulf, and numerous islands, to navigation, well - developed, with other areas, especially with Egypt and the countries of Western Asia has extensive commercial and cultural connections . as early as the ancient Greek civilization before the birth, in Southern and Western Mesopotamia a gorge just by Hadrian had a Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian civilization as early as the ancient Greek civilization before the birth, in Southern and Western Mesopotamia a gorge just by Hadrian had a Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian civilization .
civilization there, already possesses advanced writing, metallurgical, textile and other handicraft arts, mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and also to achieve a relatively high level of civilization there, already possesses advanced writing, metallurgical, textile and other handicraft arts, mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and also to achieve a relatively high level of . in a joint of Egypt, in the industrial, agricultural, scientific,There was also a literature and art of the ancient rare miracle in a joint of Egypt, in the industrial, agricultural, scientific,There was also a literature and art of the ancient rare miracle .
It's all about Greek culture had a profound influence on It's all about Greek culture had a profound influence on . Greeks from the ancient oriental culture rich in absorbed nutrients to nourish themselves, also has a significant Greek literature of oriental color Greeks from the ancient oriental culture rich in absorbed nutrients to nourish themselves, also has a significant Greek literature of oriental color .
Greek literature of the ancient Greeks - the universe, the nature and the life of Understanding, which implies they are the more primitive of the spiritual, mental, emotional and cultural content of the external world of the mysterious Greek literature of the ancient Greeks - the universe, the nature and the life of Understanding, which implies they are the more primitive of the spiritual, mental, emotional and cultural content of the external world of the mysterious ., uncontrollability of nature, the uncertainty of life, built up their religious fatalism of "fate" is reflected in the literature,The fate of the people have the absolute and the controllability of the irrevocability, people must obey the arrange of destiny, but people may forego his role within the maximum range of talent and potential, as and when you want to do their own thing , uncontrollability of nature, the uncertainty of life, built up their religious fatalism of "fate" is reflected in the literature,The fate of the people have the absolute and the controllability of the irrevocability, people must obey the arrange of destiny, but people may forego his role within the maximum range of talent and potential, as and when you want to do their own thing .
literature of ancient Greece and Rome in God and the people having the liberty, uninhibited independence and carnival fun, enjoy the life of an individual consciousness, but in the face of difficulties and displayed the arduous, indomitable spirit literature of ancient Greece and Rome in God and the people having the liberty, uninhibited independence and carnival fun, enjoy the life of an individual consciousness, but in the face of difficulties and displayed the arduous, indomitable spirit . powerful destiny to the ancient Greeks brought bewilderment and fear, and it bred a spirit of self - consciousness and individual powerful destiny to the ancient Greeks brought bewilderment and fear, and it bred a spirit of self - consciousness and individual .
Furthermore,They fought in the excitation of the vitality of the Furthermore,They fought in the excitation of the vitality of the . ancient Greek literature to describe human beings in this world worth people and the fate of contradiction and struggles in how lively and beautiful, expressing human childhood freedom, optimism and romantic ancient Greek literature to describe human beings in this world worth people and the fate of contradiction and struggles in how lively and beautiful, expressing human childhood freedom, optimism and romantic .
life consciousness, humanistic consciousness and freedom of ideas is the basic spirit of ancient Greek literature, later also became the Western literature and culture of the basic kernel life consciousness, humanistic consciousness and freedom of ideas is the basic spirit of ancient Greek literature, later also became the Western literature and culture of the basic kernel .
History
The Rise
In ancient Greece civilizations rise before about 800 years, is a part of the Aegean Sea has nurtured a splendid civilization of Minoan and Mycenaean civilization on the In ancient Greece civilizations rise before about 800 years, is a part of the Aegean Sea has nurtured a splendid civilization of Minoan and Mycenaean civilization on the . in about 1200 BC, the invasion of Dorian at the end of the destroyed Mycenaean civilization, Greece's history goes into a so - called "Dark Ages" in about 1200 BC, the invasion of Dorian at the end of the destroyed Mycenaean civilization, Greece's history goes into a so - called "Dark Ages" .
because of the period is mainly from the writings of Homer," Homeric " because of the period is mainly from the writings of Homer," Homeric ". in the Homeric Age, ironware promoted federal countries founded in the Homeric Age, ironware promoted federal countries founded .
Greeks use the Phoenician alphabet was created in the text,the front and held the first Olympic Games in 776 Greeks use the Phoenician alphabet was created in the text,the front and held the first Olympic Games in 776 . in the Olympics, is also the symbol of the ancient Greek civilization into the prosperous period of in the Olympics, is also the symbol of the ancient Greek civilization into the prosperous period of .
750 years ago, with the growth in population, the Greeks began to colonize foreign lands 750 years ago, with the growth in population, the Greeks began to colonize foreign lands . thereafter of 250 years, new Greek city of Asia Minor and North Africa throughout including including thereafter of 250 years, new Greek city of Asia Minor and North Africa throughout including including .
in the Mediterranean coastal states, the most powerful of the Spartan and Athenian in the Mediterranean coastal states, the most powerful of the Spartan and Athenian .
War
Persian War: in Greece have spread to the Mediterranean coast at the same time, in the days of the Persian Empire is expanding, the powerful Persian empire conquered Asia Minor Peninsula in Ionian Greece - Bang Persian War: in Greece have spread to the Mediterranean coast at the same time, in the days of the Persian Empire is expanding, the powerful Persian empire conquered Asia Minor Peninsula in Ionian Greece - Bang . 499 years ago, in Asia Minor and the Greek city of Miletus, obtained the support of the Athens 499 years ago, in Asia Minor and the Greek city of Miletus, obtained the support of the Athens .
Persian King Darius I the Great in the uprising and after, they prepared to attack Athens before Persian King Darius I the Great in the uprising and after, they prepared to attack Athens before . 490 years, Persian armies had been moving westward to cross the strait, but in the Battle of Marathon in Athens are there heavy infantry to defeat 490 years, Persian armies had been moving westward to cross the strait, but in the Battle of Marathon in Athens are there heavy infantry to defeat .
Greeks has won its first victory of the war years ago Greeks has won its first victory of the war years ago . 480,Persian king Xerxes, the rate of 500,000 troops of Yue again Greece 480,Persian king Xerxes, the rate of 500,000 troops of Yue again Greece .
also in an alliance of Greek city - states on the verge of being subjugated, the rival also in an alliance of Greek city - states on the verge of being subjugated, the rival . Greece coalition army to Sparta artificially, the Royal Navy to the Athenian fleet mainly Greece coalition army to Sparta artificially, the Royal Navy to the Athenian fleet mainly .
in the Greek army at Thermopylae against the Persian army, although defeated, but Greece's naval build - up to allow time for the in the Greek army at Thermopylae against the Persian army, although defeated, but Greece's naval build - up to allow time for the . Persians scored a brace against Athens, the city will be burned, but the Greek navy at the Salamis Naval Battle in a rout the Persian navy, the Persians face to be cut off, had forced the evacuation of Greeks Persians scored a brace against Athens, the city will be burned, but the Greek navy at the Salamis Naval Battle in a rout the Persian navy, the Persians face to be cut off, had forced the evacuation of Greeks .
crowd - pleaser,the liberation of Asia Minor, north of Greece in the Second Persian War crowd - pleaser,the liberation of Asia Minor, north of Greece in the Second Persian War . to Greece following the victory of to Greece following the victory of .
peloponnesian war: After the War, Athens became the overlord of the Greek Athenian navy peloponnesian war: After the War, Athens became the overlord of the Greek Athenian navy . is the Greek city - states in the most powerful military force, the Athenian democracy of Pericles, as also in the golden age reached during the reign of is the Greek city - states in the most powerful military force, the Athenian democracy of Pericles, as also in the golden age reached during the reign of .
in the Greco - Persian Wars, the Greek city - states established Athens - led Delian League, Athens achieved its post - war gradually became a kind of tools to in the Greco - Persian Wars, the Greek city - states established Athens - led Delian League, Athens achieved its post - war gradually became a kind of tools to . Spartan - led Peloponnesian League who is dissatisfied with the hegemony of Athens, erupted between multiple friction before the Spartan - led Peloponnesian League who is dissatisfied with the hegemony of Athens, erupted between multiple friction before the .
In 431, Athens, Thebes, Sparta's allies to attack the allies of Pilates,formally triggered the Peloponnesian War, Athens In 431, Athens, Thebes, Sparta's allies to attack the allies of Pilates,formally triggered the Peloponnesian War, Athens . relying on its powerful navy to blockade Athens Spartans scored then, trying to compel it to battle relying on its powerful navy to blockade Athens Spartans scored then, trying to compel it to battle .
downs on both sides, but failed to inflict a decisive victory, so the US 421 years ago downs on both sides, but failed to inflict a decisive victory, so the US 421 years ago . Peace Treaties failed to sustain the peace for a long time, before the year 415, Athens, Sparta's allies in Sicily to Syracuse launched a massive expedition, with the result that the failure to make Athens Peace Treaties failed to sustain the peace for a long time, before the year 415, Athens, Sparta's allies in Sicily to Syracuse launched a massive expedition, with the result that the failure to make Athens .
Sicilian expedition, Sparta's offensive impotence against Sicilian expedition, Sparta's offensive impotence against . 405 years ago, the Athenian navy was wiped out 405 years ago, the Athenian navy was wiped out .
the following year, Athens surrendered to Sparta, Sparta became Greece's new overlord the following year, Athens surrendered to Sparta, Sparta became Greece's new overlord . Sparta's hegemony over the failure to qualify for the long - term,Greek city - states into the scuffle Sparta's hegemony over the failure to qualify for the long - term,Greek city - states into the scuffle .
the rise of Macedonia: Macedonia is located in northern Greece, at the edge of the Greek civilization, the Greeks as barbarian the rise of Macedonia: Macedonia is located in northern Greece, at the edge of the Greek civilization, the Greeks as barbarian . but from the 4th century BC, Macedonia became Northern Greece and important countries in the former but from the 4th century BC, Macedonia became Northern Greece and important countries in the former .
395 years, Philip II ascended the throne in 395 years, Philip II ascended the throne in . Philip of Macedonia in the Balkans became the eminent military power in the face of rising Philip of Macedonia in the Balkans became the eminent military power in the face of rising .
Macedonia, Greece to Athens and founded the People's Republic of China led the anti - Macedonian alliances Macedonia, Greece to Athens and founded the People's Republic of China led the anti - Macedonian alliances . 338 years ago, the Macedonian Greek coalition at Chaeronea Trounced, wrested control of the whole of Greece before the 338 years ago, the Macedonian Greek coalition at Chaeronea Trounced, wrested control of the whole of Greece before the .
In 336, Philip was assassinated, In 336, Philip was assassinated,. Alexander ascended the throne by his son Alexander and was quickly subdued the Greek uprising, consolidated power Alexander ascended the throne by his son Alexander and was quickly subdued the Greek uprising, consolidated power .
334 years ago, Alexander to march to cross the sea to the Crusades, which marked the prologue of his conquest of the world 334 years ago, Alexander to march to cross the sea to the Crusades, which marked the prologue of his conquest of the world . Alexander's greatest enemy is the powerful Persian empire Alexander's greatest enemy is the powerful Persian empire .
Alexander successively open an investigation into the river and defeated the Persian army at Issus, a Persian who wrested control of Syria and Egypt Alexander successively open an investigation into the river and defeated the Persian army at Issus, a Persian who wrested control of Syria and Egypt . of the Persian king Darius III tried to summation, but being ambitious of Alexandria rejected years ago of the Persian king Darius III tried to summation, but being ambitious of Alexandria rejected years ago .
331, Alexander the Great and Darius III between the decisive significance of the Battle of Gaugamela Alexander 331, Alexander the Great and Darius III between the decisive significance of the Battle of Gaugamela Alexander . erupted once again with a victory,and to use the momentum to the Achaeans Babylon, Medo - Persia demise erupted once again with a victory,and to use the momentum to the Achaeans Babylon, Medo - Persia demise .
Alexander continues east until the Indus Valley just before reentry Alexander continues east until the Indus Valley just before reentry . 323 BC, Alexander died and his empire became split, the end of the history of ancient Greece, and Hellenistic era start 323 BC, Alexander died and his empire became split, the end of the history of ancient Greece, and Hellenistic era start .
Hellenistic Age
Alexander's men through a series of fights, the last of the Antigonid dynasty, the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Kingdom, became the main Hellenistic era of the three countries, although these three are occasionally a war, but their culture activities has grown rapidly, both because the large crusading force Alex in the States, would be dispatched in many academics with the people, are in a position to perform intermarriages, academic research, trade and other actions, due to Greece, Egypt and the West culture began to influence each other, plus the Hellenistic kingdoms of the kings of the promotion and funding, and close cultural exchanges and integration, and cultural history of the world is a big thing,In addition, the Persian empire, the legacy of a vast gold treasure, flows, as well as expand the development of trade and commerce, but had returned to the 2nd century, on the other hand, in the West's rise one more powerful empire of the Roman Empire, which has composed three countries conquered by force, whereupon the Hellenistic era of Alexander's men through a series of fights, the last of the Antigonid dynasty, the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Kingdom, became the main Hellenistic era of the three countries, although these three are occasionally a war, but their culture activities has grown rapidly, both because the large crusading force Alex in the States, would be dispatched in many academics with the people, are in a position to perform intermarriages, academic research, trade and other actions, due to Greece, Egypt and the West culture began to influence each other, plus the Hellenistic kingdoms of the kings of the promotion and funding, and close cultural exchanges and integration, and cultural history of the world is a big thing,In addition, the Persian empire, the legacy of a vast gold treasure, flows, as well as expand the development of trade and commerce, but had returned to the 2nd century, on the other hand, in the West's rise one more powerful empire of the Roman Empire, which has composed three countries conquered by force, whereupon the Hellenistic era of . 2 2.
Geographical Environment
Ancient Greek is roughly comprised of Macedonia to the south of the peninsula and the Aegean and Ionian islands in the Ancient Greek is roughly comprised of Macedonia to the south of the peninsula and the Aegean and Ionian islands in the . ancient Greek is not rich in natural environment, the climate, Mediterranean - type climate, hot in summer and winter rains, the land is not fertile, only production and dry fruits such as olives, grapes etc.
mainly barley grain, honey and wine there mainly barley grain, honey and wine there . the peninsula is very mountainous and plain areas, unsuitable farming the peninsula is very mountainous and plain areas, unsuitable farming .
Also is localized, but are shallow and quick water, adverse shipping Also is localized, but are shallow and quick water, adverse shipping . the rainy season, dry season and so often dry, thus irrigation is difficult, very difficult to develop agriculture and the livestock - the rainy season, dry season and so often dry, thus irrigation is difficult, very difficult to develop agriculture and the livestock - .
suitable only for Sheep and Goats,So not very suitable only for Sheep and Goats,So not very . 3 through to the peninsula, the east Aegean Sea, to the west by the Ionian and the Adriatic Sea, north of the Balkan Peninsula from 3 through to the peninsula, the east Aegean Sea, to the west by the Ionian and the Adriatic Sea, north of the Balkan Peninsula from .
eastern ports, via the Aegean Sea, and eastwards into Asia Minor, to sail to the West Bank;From the northeast can reach through the Dardanelles and the Bosporus while at the Black Sea;Pakri may reach through the south of Egypt;The Ionian Sea and westward through Italy and Sicily can be reached eastern ports, via the Aegean Sea, and eastwards into Asia Minor, to sail to the West Bank;From the northeast can reach through the Dardanelles and the Bosporus while at the Black Sea;Pakri may reach through the south of Egypt;The Ionian Sea and westward through Italy and Sicily can be reached . such a geographical situation, the Greeks in the maritime industry development brings a great deal to the peninsula of such a geographical situation, the Greeks in the maritime industry development brings a great deal to the peninsula of .
according to the topography in the three parts of Epirus in Greece by according to the topography in the three parts of Epirus in Greece by . North Mountain and Di Salyan consists of plains to the north by North Mountain and Di Salyan consists of plains to the north by .
Greece in Greece, to go through a checkpoint and strategically SERENE Greece in Greece, to go through a checkpoint and strategically SERENE . in Greece due to the numerous hills, small plains, where the famous city - the most important Attica in Greece due to the numerous hills, small plains, where the famous city - the most important Attica .
from Greece to Southern Greece, then through the Isthmus of Corinth, Isthmus of Corinth, near the most important city of from Greece to Southern Greece, then through the Isthmus of Corinth, Isthmus of Corinth, near the most important city of . Nan Greece's Peloponnese peninsula ",The most important of the city - state of Sparta as Nan Greece's Peloponnese peninsula ",The most important of the city - state of Sparta as .
so intricate and the geographical environment, the inconvenience of transportation on land and regional division, which is the cause of the Greek city - state of the city's skyline, is less likely to be the unity of the important reasons for so intricate and the geographical environment, the inconvenience of transportation on land and regional division, which is the cause of the Greek city - state of the city's skyline, is less likely to be the unity of the important reasons for . 4 4.
Colonial
In the archaic period, Greece's population growth has outstripped the arable land; the load of the In the archaic period, Greece's population growth has outstripped the arable land; the load of the . In order to solve the problem of rapid population growth, as well as the ancient Greeks inherent spirit of adventure, from about 750 BC, Greeks in after 250 years to colonize In order to solve the problem of rapid population growth, as well as the ancient Greeks inherent spirit of adventure, from about 750 BC, Greeks in after 250 years to colonize .
east, adjacent to the Aegean coast of Asia Minor was colonized first, followed by Cyprus and present - day coast of Thrace, the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea to the southern coast of Greece east, adjacent to the Aegean coast of Asia Minor was colonized first, followed by Cyprus and present - day coast of Thrace, the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea to the southern coast of Greece . colonial range, can be reached today northeast of the northern shore of the Black Sea Lowland and the Crimean peninsula in the west can be reached colonial range, can be reached today northeast of the northern shore of the Black Sea Lowland and the Crimean peninsula in the west can be reached .
Illyria, Sicily and the southern Apennines,To a lesser extent may reach southern Gaul, Corsica, the Iberian Peninsula and even northeastern Greece Illyria, Sicily and the southern Apennines,To a lesser extent may reach southern Gaul, Corsica, the Iberian Peninsula and even northeastern Greece . also in present - day North Africa, Egypt and Libya and established colonies the modern also in present - day North Africa, Egypt and Libya and established colonies the modern .
Syracuse, Naples, Marseilles and cities like Istanbul, are among the Greeks colonies and these colonies is Syracuse, Naples, Marseilles and cities like Istanbul, are among the Greeks colonies and these colonies is . spread Greek culture in the lead role, which affects the whole of Europe, also contributed to the establishment of the Greek city - states were long - distance trade networks and spur economic development in the ancient Greek spread Greek culture in the lead role, which affects the whole of Europe, also contributed to the establishment of the Greek city - states were long - distance trade networks and spur economic development in the ancient Greek .
5 5.
Political System
Ancient Greek was a polis (city area, therefore many different political system in this area so as to obtain the practice and development, some of the Greek city - state of Sparta as monarchies, as the rule of the centralized in the hands of the king;Some cities such as Athens and on the other hand, as the introduction of democratic government;some have an is dominated by the nobility or minority control of the parliament (although the ancient Greek) domination Ancient Greek was a polis (city area, therefore many different political system in this area so as to obtain the practice and development, some of the Greek city - state of Sparta as monarchies, as the rule of the centralized in the hands of the king;Some cities such as Athens and on the other hand, as the introduction of democratic government;some have an is dominated by the nobility or minority control of the parliament (although the ancient Greek) domination . the narrow territory, but its political system in the wide time and is heavily involved with the development of the narrow territory, but its political system in the wide time and is heavily involved with the development of .
polity only to Greek division undergone an aristocracy, and democracy, oligarchy and tyranny of the Evolution polity only to Greek division undergone an aristocracy, and democracy, oligarchy and tyranny of the Evolution . notably of Ancient Greek democratic political system is ancient mankind to direct democracy is one of the earliest and exerted far - reaching influence of the Hellenistic era political thought is the notably of Ancient Greek democratic political system is ancient mankind to direct democracy is one of the earliest and exerted far - reaching influence of the Hellenistic era political thought is the .
replaced despotism,monarch usually theocracy or semi - theocratic as is replaced despotism,monarch usually theocracy or semi - theocratic as is . Alexander the Great in Egypt to God's son, in his capacity as a rule, in Greece for the beautification of deified Alexander the Great in Egypt to God's son, in his capacity as a rule, in Greece for the beautification of deified .
after his death, the Hellenistic states are emulating him after his death, the Hellenistic states are emulating him . practices to achieve plug flow of the Ptolemaic kingdom of Kasi and are more pronounced, plug flow Kasi kings Antiochus IV ruled Syria with "God" () of the title No.;Ptolemaic monarch when signed in with "God" (Theos) on behalf of the army, but in Macedonia the situation is not like both of them so obviously
6 6.
Education
education in ancient Greek life, Polis was created until the Hellenistic period and Roman rule, education always played an important role in the education in ancient Greek life, Polis was created until the Hellenistic period and Roman rule, education always played an important role in the . ancient Greek education originated in the time of Homer, aristocratic tradition, in the 5th century BC by the Sophists, Plato and bottom influence greatly the democratization of ancient Greek education originated in the time of Homer, aristocratic tradition, in the 5th century BC by the Sophists, Plato and bottom influence greatly the democratization of .
in the Hellenistic period, the gymnasium education was considered to share Greek cultural prerequisite in the Hellenistic period, the gymnasium education was considered to share Greek cultural prerequisite . Greek general education was the most famous exceptions, a continued into the Roman period the city - state of Sparta,Boys and girls also underwent rigorous militarization of Spartan training and educational system, which began in the 6th century BC) Greek general education was the most famous exceptions, a continued into the Roman period the city - state of Sparta,Boys and girls also underwent rigorous militarization of Spartan training and educational system, which began in the 6th century BC) .
of the Hellenistic Age, and education is one of those many of the Hellenistic Age, and education is one of those many . private business school, and later a series of government - sponsored private business school, and later a series of government - sponsored .
much as they would go on to further education students, except for heading to Alexandria and Athens senior academic center, Epicurus established by universities can choose to attend much as they would go on to further education students, except for heading to Alexandria and Athens senior academic center, Epicurus established by universities can choose to attend .
Legal
Ancient Greek law in the light of the establishment, at the earliest, stemming from the Athenian Draco, Solon's return to power, not by national institutions for the execution of the penalty, the 600 - year - old former private after the execution of punishments before dismantling the only Ancient Greek law in the light of the establishment, at the earliest, stemming from the Athenian Draco, Solon's return to power, not by national institutions for the execution of the penalty, the 600 - year - old former private after the execution of punishments before dismantling the only . originated in classic literature era while his legacy in large text of Codex, Clyde is the island of Ge in Mongolia and city law, the Code is divided into twenty chapters, which is used to write the music halls in the wall of corridor, so that citizens can see within the city, which includes the right to personal law, family law, inheritance law, property law and debt law originated in classic literature era while his legacy in large text of Codex, Clyde is the island of Ge in Mongolia and city law, the Code is divided into twenty chapters, which is used to write the music halls in the wall of corridor, so that citizens can see within the city, which includes the right to personal law, family law, inheritance law, property law and debt law .
7 7.
Military
Ancient Greek military, traditionally includes a large number of infantry - fighting Ancient Greek military, traditionally includes a large number of infantry - fighting . Greece's most typical infantry phalanx infantry () is a militia composed of, in order to throw the spear (soldiers), archers, cavalry and infantry as auxiliary Greece's most typical infantry phalanx infantry () is a militia composed of, in order to throw the spear (soldiers), archers, cavalry and infantry as auxiliary .
phalanx would usually be conical or rectangular (square) to advance while throwing spear soldiers would harass the enemy general phalanx would usually be conical or rectangular (square) to advance while throwing spear soldiers would harass the enemy general . on both sides of the matrix is constituted by a square next to the infantry, shield in front of the circle, and that the defense can have the great advantage thatBut lack of maneuverability on both sides of the matrix is constituted by a square next to the infantry, shield in front of the circle, and that the defense can have the great advantage thatBut lack of maneuverability .
phalanx infantry of the name comes from their use of Comstock ( phalanx infantry of the name comes from their use of Comstock (.) is due to the fact that all the soldiers of all equipment to be bought by oneself, so the soldiers lack uniforms, wounded on the battlefield would also be more likely to ) is due to the fact that all the soldiers of all equipment to be bought by oneself, so the soldiers lack uniforms, wounded on the battlefield would also be more likely to .
Economic
Ancient Greek era of prosperous economy, commerce and industry, though compact in size, but there is still a certain degree of development of Ancient Greek era of prosperous economy, commerce and industry, though compact in size, but there is still a certain degree of development of . except Sparta to take to regulate the economy of the system, each of the other city - states of loose and free except Sparta to take to regulate the economy of the system, each of the other city - states of loose and free .
however, the city has a wide gap between the rich and the poor in the case of however, the city has a wide gap between the rich and the poor in the case of . Hellenistic era states, especially Egypt and Western Asia for business and foreign trade are taken. The controlling
Ptolemaic Egypt in almost every country all over the country set up a government - run factory or store, used to strengthen the finance for the private industry and commerce also provides for strict control;Western governments also have similar, albeit smaller Ptolemaic Egypt in almost every country all over the country set up a government - run factory or store, used to strengthen the finance for the private industry and commerce also provides for strict control;Western governments also have similar, albeit smaller . but, in the case of the rich and the poor, as well as falling wages and rising prices have fairly well, these phenomena so that people can live a life of fairly hard but, in the case of the rich and the poor, as well as falling wages and rising prices have fairly well, these phenomena so that people can live a life of fairly hard .
In addition, the rise of the metropolis also Hellenistic world In addition, the rise of the metropolis also Hellenistic world . characteristic of Antioch in Syria's population has grown fourfold in a century, the river Tigris in plug flow in Western Asia from the uninhabited land of hundreds of thousand of population growth, Alexandria, Egypt for the then largest city, about a million population characteristic of Antioch in Syria's population has grown fourfold in a century, the river Tigris in plug flow in Western Asia from the uninhabited land of hundreds of thousand of population growth, Alexandria, Egypt for the then largest city, about a million population .
8 8.
Agriculture
in agriculture, agricultural technology is well under way, and puts forward several kinds of relay cropping crops, so that the limited arable land, of the various Greek states, it is possible to exert the maximum crop yields to the in agriculture, agricultural technology is well under way, and puts forward several kinds of relay cropping crops, so that the limited arable land, of the various Greek states, it is possible to exert the maximum crop yields to the . ancient Greeks had made use of green manure (culm, grass and roots) and artificial fertilizer (ash, limestone) by a method such as crop fertilization ancient Greeks had made use of green manure (culm, grass and roots) and artificial fertilizer (ash, limestone) by a method such as crop fertilization .
Furthermore, horticulture (olives, grapes) in Athens, the city - state of Miletus and fairly prosperous, wine is the beverage of everyday life, olive oil as a dietary, cosmetic and lighting purposes or the like, horticultural crop development stage to commercialization, become the city's export trade Furthermore, horticulture (olives, grapes) in Athens, the city - state of Miletus and fairly prosperous, wine is the beverage of everyday life, olive oil as a dietary, cosmetic and lighting purposes or the like, horticultural crop development stage to commercialization, become the city's export trade .
Handicraft
handicrafts, handicraft development also fairly prosperous Collins handicrafts, handicraft development also fairly prosperous Collins . of the textile industry, Miletus of the textile industry, furniture industry, the metallurgy, shipbuilding, ceramics, and construction of large scale development of the textile industry, Miletus of the textile industry, furniture industry, the metallurgy, shipbuilding, ceramics, and construction of large scale development .
at the time, Athens's production of "saffron" far and away the bottle, which features bright, elegant at the time, Athens's production of "saffron" far and away the bottle, which features bright, elegant . Athens also produced the gross tonnage of merchant ship of 220 tons, this ship by hanging a large cloth sails, masts and firmly to one of the peach as a truss support Athens also produced the gross tonnage of merchant ship of 220 tons, this ship by hanging a large cloth sails, masts and firmly to one of the peach as a truss support .
in the development of mining industry are also significant, particularly to Laura Lyons Silvermine, Pan to was of gold and copper mines of Cyprus's most famous in the development of mining industry are also significant, particularly to Laura Lyons Silvermine, Pan to was of gold and copper mines of Cyprus's most famous .
Commercial
commercially, due to lost productivity, the commercial also quite impressive commercially, due to lost productivity, the commercial also quite impressive . each city had bazaars, a variety of goods in the dedicated areas for trafficking some 30 each city had bazaars, a variety of goods in the dedicated areas for trafficking some 30 .
of the City of the development of overseas trade fairly springing of the City of the development of overseas trade fairly springing . Athens once dominated in the Aegean sea, its overseas trade as far afield as the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions such as Athens, Piraeus was a famous port for input of merchandise including Egypt, Sicily, the Black Sea grain, livestock and leather, wool of Miletus, the Persian and Carthaginian blankets, Arab perfume, Macedonian and Thracian flax and ship timber, as well as the respective area as of the arrival of slaves;output of commodities include olive oil, wine, copper, lead, silver, marble, and metalwork and pottery Athens once dominated in the Aegean sea, its overseas trade as far afield as the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions such as Athens, Piraeus was a famous port for input of merchandise including Egypt, Sicily, the Black Sea grain, livestock and leather, wool of Miletus, the Persian and Carthaginian blankets, Arab perfume, Macedonian and Thracian flax and ship timber, as well as the respective area as of the arrival of slaves;output of commodities include olive oil, wine, copper, lead, silver, marble, and metalwork and pottery .
Financial Industry
Due to business development, as well as the city - state of use of the currency is not the same, and thus appear on the market, and currency exchange booth, afterward gradually developped into finance and began lending, mortgage and etc Due to business development, as well as the city - state of use of the currency is not the same, and thus appear on the market, and currency exchange booth, afterward gradually developped into finance and began lending, mortgage and etc . at the time, mortgage interest is 12%, commercial borrowing interest is 16 to 18 percent, overseas trade in the interest of the loan is 30% at the time, mortgage interest is 12%, commercial borrowing interest is 16 to 18 percent, overseas trade in the interest of the loan is 30% .
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Cultural Developing Period
Ancient Greek literature refers to literature of the ancient Greek world Ancient Greek literature refers to literature of the ancient Greek world . generalized of Ancient Greek Literature from clan society to the Hellenistic Greek literature of the time, the duration of the nearly 1000 years generalized of Ancient Greek Literature from clan society to the Hellenistic Greek literature of the time, the duration of the nearly 1000 years .
Greek literature is the entire source of western literature, European literature is also the first summit of the Greek literature is the entire source of western literature, European literature is also the first summit of the .
Time Of The Hero
12th century BC to the 8th century BC in ancient Greece from the gentile world - as - you - go to a slavery society un - der the transition period, which were known as the "Heroic Age", aka "Homer", the literature's main achievement was the myth and epic 12th century BC to the 8th century BC in ancient Greece from the gentile world - as - you - go to a slavery society un - der the transition period, which were known as the "Heroic Age", aka "Homer", the literature's main achievement was the myth and epic . mythology: Ancient Greek mythology is the primitive spirit product, and is the collective creativity of the people, also in the Western world is the earliest form of literature, probably originated in the 8th century BC in Greece before it mythology: Ancient Greek mythology is the primitive spirit product, and is the collective creativity of the people, also in the Western world is the earliest form of literature, probably originated in the 8th century BC in Greece before it .
the primitive long - term - of - mouth is formed on the basis of the basic scale, after Homer,Hesiod's works fully reflect in that it produces and the primitive long - term - of - mouth is formed on the basis of the basic scale, after Homer,Hesiod's works fully reflect in that it produces and . reflect geographical location is west of the peninsula, east to Asia Minor Peninsula, south of Crete to the majority of the Aegean region reflect geographical location is west of the peninsula, east to Asia Minor Peninsula, south of Crete to the majority of the Aegean region .
Greek mythology was also an extensive and voluminous system, factional offshoot, numerous legends and tales, and Greek mythology was also an extensive and voluminous system, factional offshoot, numerous legends and tales, and . but it has obvious color family, staying a kinship ties, and that there is a fundamental context can be divided into the stories of gods and heroes of Greek legend but it has obvious color family, staying a kinship ties, and that there is a fundamental context can be divided into the stories of gods and heroes of Greek legend .
in a long historical period is gradually formed,God's character and plot to carry out their duties and all the developments and changes in the in a long historical period is gradually formed,God's character and plot to carry out their duties and all the developments and changes in the . ancient Greek myth is said to be the source of western literature, and later almost all of the writers from ancient myth to draw on the ancient Greek myth is said to be the source of western literature, and later almost all of the writers from ancient myth to draw on the .
ancient Greek mythology gods: the gods: the gods of the ancient Greek and Roman mythology (the Roman God of gods and the spectra of the QBBI on Greek mythology with the same, but in the name of a great difference), which is dominated by the 12th Lord ancient Greek mythology gods: the gods: the gods of the ancient Greek and Roman mythology (the Roman God of gods and the spectra of the QBBI on Greek mythology with the same, but in the name of a great difference), which is dominated by the 12th Lord . They are: 1, Zeus. Zeus: gods, father - in - law is also the god of gods, the supreme ruler of all things on Earth with
Thunder and called "El Marques" aegis of the governance of heaven and earth for Thunder and called "El Marques" aegis of the governance of heaven and earth for . simultaneously,Zeus or the freedom to roam, everywhere to make his wife jealous Hera simultaneously,Zeus or the freedom to roam, everywhere to make his wife jealous Hera .
2, Hera, Hera: Zeus's wife, the sacred marriage of the goddess, who is in charge of marriage, Home 2, Hera, Hera: Zeus's wife, the sacred marriage of the goddess, who is in charge of marriage, Home . Hera more level - headed and have a beautiful body Hera more level - headed and have a beautiful body .
. 3 personality trait is jealousy, Poseidon, Poseidon: Poseidon, second only to Zeus of the powerful ruler of 3 personality trait is jealousy, Poseidon, Poseidon: Poseidon, second only to Zeus of the powerful ruler of .
Poseidon is incredibly powerful, but he was a simple Poseidon is incredibly powerful, but he was a simple . God his weapon is the trident God his weapon is the trident .
4, Hestia: stove, the fire goddess 4, Hestia: stove, the fire goddess . self - effacing, easygoing, the kind - hearted, deeply loved by the gods of self - effacing, easygoing, the kind - hearted, deeply loved by the gods of .
5, Demeter's Demeter:grain, the Earth Goddess, 5, Demeter's Demeter:grain, the Earth Goddess, . she has a mild manner, warm smile, but her timid she has a mild manner, warm smile, but her timid .
6, Aphrodite Aphrodite: the goddess of love 6, Aphrodite Aphrodite: the goddess of love . under what is known as the Venus of Brassempouy, under what is known as the Venus of Brassempouy, .
she has white skin, a blonde beauty she has white skin, a blonde beauty . she is elegant and charming mix of all of her behavior and language deserves to be retained and used as the model for she is elegant and charming mix of all of her behavior and language deserves to be retained and used as the model for .
7, Apollo Apollon: Helios, who is also a music, prophecy, bow and arrow, the god of medicine 7, Apollo Apollon: Helios, who is also a music, prophecy, bow and arrow, the god of medicine . Apollo is the god in the most handsome, he is happy, intelligent, owns and sunshine and bright temperament, always with courage and strength,All the girls liked him Apollo is the god in the most handsome, he is happy, intelligent, owns and sunshine and bright temperament, always with courage and strength,All the girls liked him .
8, Pallas Athena: the immediate victory, wisdom and war goddess 8, Pallas Athena: the immediate victory, wisdom and war goddess . from her father, Zeus, the head of the birth of the goddess, taciturn, intellectual, cool appearance, has many "fans" from her father, Zeus, the head of the birth of the goddess, taciturn, intellectual, cool appearance, has many "fans" .
9, Ares and Ares: God of War armor 9, Ares and Ares: God of War armor . always dressed, handsome, but due to his short temper is a yeller and the gods did not like him much, but there's the goddess of love and beauty, Aphrodite, who was in love with him always dressed, handsome, but due to his short temper is a yeller and the gods did not like him much, but there's the goddess of love and beauty, Aphrodite, who was in love with him .
10, Artemis: the goddess of the moon and the chase, is the beauty and purity of the goddess at 10, Artemis: the goddess of the moon and the chase, is the beauty and purity of the goddess at . she is very glamorous, quick - thinking, decisive andRun so quickly that it is not always possible to linger in one place too long of time she is very glamorous, quick - thinking, decisive andRun so quickly that it is not always possible to linger in one place too long of time .
11, hermes, the Hermes: Zeus entourage of cowboys and wandering god 11, hermes, the Hermes: Zeus entourage of cowboys and wandering god . I am pleased to say that he has gifted of God, which is often accompanied by a mischievous smile, quick action, gods and goddesses in most busy one I am pleased to say that he has gifted of God, which is often accompanied by a mischievous smile, quick action, gods and goddesses in most busy one .
gods was well liked by gods was well liked by . 12, Hephaestus: abnormal superb craftsmanship of a blacksmith god 12, Hephaestus: abnormal superb craftsmanship of a blacksmith god .
he lame camel, gods and goddesses in the ugliest of the gods but he lame camel, gods and goddesses in the ugliest of the gods but . .
He's a very kind except for the above - mentioned outside of the twelve gods, Greek mythology, there are some other important gods, they are: 1.the earth goddess Gaia 2, sky god Ouranos 3, Metis, the goddess of wisdom, wife of Zeus, Typhon, her eyes blazing, stood hundreds of snakes, the discharge of the scarlet letter - 5, brother of Prometheus 6, Leto, Artemis and Apollo 7 's mother, Daphne, so as to be transformed into a laurel 8, long had the hundred eyes of Argos Giants 9 - day, and of transferring the message of the rainbow goddess Liz 10, wine by Dionysus, 11, 12 of Eros, the king of the underworld Hades" Homer ":"Homer" is one of the official literature written at 5, brother of Prometheus 6, Leto, Artemis and Apollo 7 's mother, Daphne, so as to be transformed into a laurel 8, long had the hundred eyes of Argos Giants 9 - day, and of transferring the message of the rainbow goddess Liz 10, wine by Dionysus, 11, 12 of Eros, the king of the underworld Hades" Homer ":"Homer" is one of the official literature written at .
epic should be split into two, respectively; and the "Iliad" (a translation of Iliad and the Odyssey "(a translation of" Odyssey "), depicted as the author is generally lived in the10th century BC to the 8th century between the blind poet Homer, but currently more popular view is that" Homer "is Homer, many, including collective and repeatedly modified epic should be split into two, respectively; and the "Iliad" (a translation of Iliad and the Odyssey "(a translation of" Odyssey "), depicted as the author is generally lived in the10th century BC to the 8th century between the blind poet Homer, but currently more popular view is that" Homer "is Homer, many, including collective and repeatedly modified . in this period (with the exception of the poet Homer,Hesiod also very famous in this period (with the exception of the poet Homer,Hesiod also very famous .
he generally lived in the late 8th century BC to early 7th century he generally lived in the late 8th century BC to early 7th century . He works include didactic poem "farming and days" and a" pantheon " He works include didactic poem "farming and days" and a" pantheon ".
Homer and his style is very similar to the language on to emulate Homer's" Scourge of the Homer and his style is very similar to the language on to emulate Homer's" Scourge of the .
The Great Migration Era
In the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC in ancient Greece were known as the history of "The Great Migration era", this period of major literary achievements include the lyric poems and fables In the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC in ancient Greece were known as the history of "The Great Migration era", this period of major literary achievements include the lyric poems and fables . Lyrics: ancient Greek lyrics include many genres, mainly divided into double verse, satirical poems, guqin and madrigal Lyrics: ancient Greek lyrics include many genres, mainly divided into double verse, satirical poems, guqin and madrigal .
wherein write couplets in the history of the Greek poet Archilochus, the earliest poet was said to be the beginning of the 7 ~ (th) century of Kali North, but most who wrote this verse is Seymour. Ioannidis (former 466) 556 - Front Athenian democracy of creator Solon also wrote many poems in ancient Greek lyrics the lat Athenian democracy of creator Solon also wrote many poems in ancient Greek lyrics the lat .
however, is the highest achievement of the songbook,Is a kind of music, with songs like however, is the highest achievement of the songbook,Is a kind of music, with songs like . songbook of verse may be divided into two types, one is the soloist, chorus songbook of verse may be divided into two types, one is the soloist, chorus .
body is a body solo songbook is the representative of the poetess Sappho (before 612 -? body is a body solo songbook is the representative of the poetess Sappho (before 612 -?.) in addition to outer Sappho, Alcaeus, Anacreon and also very good at writing songs for solo piano body ) in addition to outer Sappho, Alcaeus, Anacreon and also very good at writing songs for solo piano body .
choral body the songbook, with the highest achievements of the former is the poet Pindar (518 - Front 442) choral body the songbook, with the highest achievements of the former is the poet Pindar (518 - Front 442) . Aesop's fables, " Aesop's fables, ".
Democratic Era
the so - called "democratic era", refers to the 6th century BC to the 4th century BC, as a period of the so - called "democratic era", refers to the 6th century BC to the 4th century BC, as a period of . in this era was the ancient Greek world during the heyday of the city - states have thrived, while being situated within the bay, convenient transportation of Athens in that business sector is increasingly developed, and established a slave - owning democracy in this era was the ancient Greek world during the heyday of the city - states have thrived, while being situated within the bay, convenient transportation of Athens in that business sector is increasingly developed, and established a slave - owning democracy .
in Athens, the country without a king, is the highest authority by all citizens of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, the General Assembly by the citizens of the drawing of lots, the common affairs of the State conferring with in Athens, the country without a king, is the highest authority by all citizens of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, the General Assembly by the citizens of the drawing of lots, the common affairs of the State conferring with . In addition, the foreign war also strengthened to a certain extent in this prosperous situation In addition, the foreign war also strengthened to a certain extent in this prosperous situation .
at the beginning of the 5th century BC, the Greeks and the Persians between economic and political contradictions arising out of the Persian Wars,Greeks at Marathon and Salamis, Battle of triumph, while many of the post - war Greek polis established maritime allies to defense invasion of Persia, Athens became the chief at the beginning of the 5th century BC, the Greeks and the Persians between economic and political contradictions arising out of the Persian Wars,Greeks at Marathon and Salamis, Battle of triumph, while many of the post - war Greek polis established maritime allies to defense invasion of Persia, Athens became the chief . thereafter, Athens's thriving economic and increasingly political, also ushered in the golden age of Greek literature thereafter, Athens's thriving economic and increasingly political, also ushered in the golden age of Greek literature .
in this period of classical Greek literature is the achievement of the highest drama in this period of classical Greek literature is the achievement of the highest drama .
Hellenistic Age
century BC, a Macedonian Alexander the Great conquered the whole of Greece, and in the expansion of the Empire during the Greek culture to the orient, which were known as the Hellenistic Greek literature century BC, a Macedonian Alexander the Great conquered the whole of Greece, and in the expansion of the Empire during the Greek culture to the orient, which were known as the Hellenistic Greek literature . that time is drawing to a close, Greek civilization of central Athens also gradually by that time is drawing to a close, Greek civilization of central Athens also gradually by .
migrated to Alexandria, Egypt in this period of Greek literature, the characteristics of reality - and with a vengeance, flowery, chasing the pathos migrated to Alexandria, Egypt in this period of Greek literature, the characteristics of reality - and with a vengeance, flowery, chasing the pathos . have the most achievements in the areas of new comedy and pastoral poetry have the most achievements in the areas of new comedy and pastoral poetry .
Philosophy
Classical Greek philosophy, or in other words, the early Greek philosophical debate focused on the challenge of Classical Greek philosophy, or in other words, the early Greek philosophical debate focused on the challenge of . task in many aspects, it is a philosophy science and modern paved roads task in many aspects, it is a philosophy science and modern paved roads .
early Greek philosophers and exerted influence in continuous existence from the early Muslim philosophy to the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and then to the modern science of ordinary early Greek philosophers and exerted influence in continuous existence from the early Muslim philosophy to the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and then to the modern science of ordinary . pre - Socratic philosophers: history of Western philosophy from ancient Greece, particularly the group known as the period of pre - Socratic philosopher Thales pre - Socratic philosophers: history of Western philosophy from ancient Greece, particularly the group known as the period of pre - Socratic philosopher Thales .
(Greek: THETA? lambda eta?;English: Thales) Anaximander (Greek: alpha alpha iota xi mu, nu, nu o alpha delta rho?;English: pre Pythagoras (Greek: pi nu theta alpha gamma? rho alpha?;English: Pythagoras, Heraclitus of Ephesus (Greek: H? o iota lambda epsilon kappa tau tau with eta? ΕK phi? sigma sigma fluxon v;English: Heraclitus) of Xenophanes (Greek: Ξ epsilon, nu o phi? v;English: Parmenides) (Greek: alpha, mu, nu, epsilon Π rho? delta eta?;English:) and the other the eleatics (philosopher) stayed in Kibera (), Democritus (Greek: DELTA eta. m u. .OMEGA. rho. o iota kappa tau?English: Democritus) with the other of the reductionist () Protagoras (Greek: tau gamma alpha omega rho Π? rho alpha?;English:) () with the wise Socrates (Greek: Sigma omega rho kappa tau with eta?;English: Socrates, 470 BC - 399 BC) was an Athenian philosopher, became the most important in the western philosophical tradition of idol Plato (Greek: Π lambda? omega tau. v;English: Plato, in 427 BC - 347 BC), a very influential classical Greek philosophers, and studied under Socrates, Aristotle and the teachings of Aristotle
(Greek: tau o iota alpha rho sigma tau? lambda eta?;English: Aristotle, in most other non - English language, which will be referred to as Aristoteles, in Italian called Aristotele, in 384 BC - 322 BC) on Mar. 7, together with Plato, what has been dubbed the "Western way of thinking produced the important influence of one of the two men after what a classical philosopher Cicero (Greek: K? k. epsilon. rho. o?;English: Cicero, Zeno of Citium (Zeno) of Epictetus () Epicurus (Greek: ΕK pi? k o v o p?;English:) and Lucretius (Lucretius) Empedocles (Empedocles)
Historiography
Ancient Greece was the first western production system of national and historical writings of Herodotus Ancient Greece was the first western production system of national and historical writings of Herodotus . of the title of "Father of History", he describes the Greco - Persian Wars in his famous history of Athens, and won a substantial sum of his bounty of the title of "Father of History", he describes the Greco - Persian Wars in his famous history of Athens, and won a substantial sum of his bounty .
to pin - up style, and plenty of imagination, he wrote the history books to pin - up style, and plenty of imagination, he wrote the history books . is the second prominent historian is Thucydides, his writings of the Peloponnesian War, though in his lifetime was not completed, however, so far as the completion of the part of the canonized by is the second prominent historian is Thucydides, his writings of the Peloponnesian War, though in his lifetime was not completed, however, so far as the completion of the part of the canonized by .
he is considered the first scientific methods of historians, because he wrote a history of the project is aimed at objective and neutral reporting history facts he is considered the first scientific methods of historians, because he wrote a history of the project is aimed at objective and neutral reporting history facts . third famous historian Xenophon is,author of March of the Ten, is considered among the greatest of military history with one of the Hellenistic era to third famous historian Xenophon is,author of March of the Ten, is considered among the greatest of military history with one of the Hellenistic era to .
historian Polybius, in his historical research, in very truth, and attach importance to the history of social and economic factors historian Polybius, in his historical research, in very truth, and attach importance to the history of social and economic factors . his book as" history ", is a project for the rise of the Roman Republic and became a world power process his book as" history ", is a project for the rise of the Roman Republic and became a world power process .
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Religious
Religious belief is composed of ancient Greek culture an integral and essential part of ancient Greek religion Religious belief is composed of ancient Greek culture an integral and essential part of ancient Greek religion . mostly love - - and, thus, the worship of many gods and each city - states of the respective gods are worshipped, gods mostly love - - and, thus, the worship of many gods and each city - states of the respective gods are worshipped, gods .
quasi humanity quite significantly, but the kind that had led to the joys and sorrows, and the Greeks of this religious culture by relevance quasi humanity quite significantly, but the kind that had led to the joys and sorrows, and the Greeks of this religious culture by relevance . once every four years in Olympia by the Greeks, the Olympic Games, its basic purpose is to honor the gods, but the motion was another purpose in addition to the once every four years in Olympia by the Greeks, the Olympic Games, its basic purpose is to honor the gods, but the motion was another purpose in addition to the .
sports, music and poetry contest sports, music and poetry contest . in the Hellenistic Age, the Middle East of the mystery religions, such as the Egyptian goddess Isis, Persian of teach,Judaism and Christianity, Jews also moved in the propagation of the lower classes, while traditional religious beliefs influence then slowly weakened in the Hellenistic Age, the Middle East of the mystery religions, such as the Egyptian goddess Isis, Persian of teach,Judaism and Christianity, Jews also moved in the propagation of the lower classes, while traditional religious beliefs influence then slowly weakened .
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Art
Ancient Greek art are considered to be of western art, the main source of the Ancient Greek art are considered to be of western art, the main source of the . ancient Greek art is distinguished by emphasis on realistic ancient Greek art is distinguished by emphasis on realistic .
in the ancient Greek god of human nature that ancient Greek art of body shaping filled with interesting in the ancient Greek god of human nature that ancient Greek art of body shaping filled with interesting . Greek art not only in Greece and more popularin the world, and also through trade, etc., the influence of Greece on the peripheral regions, such as the Etruscans, Ancient Greek Empire after Alexander's art is also spread to the Eastern world, in the Roman conquest of Greece after Greek and Roman art is emulated the absorption
German scholar of Winckelmann on art in ancient Greece was the first systematic study of the scholars, the 1870s,by Greece in the areas of archaeology, many ancient Greek works of art have been discovered, from ancient Greece have greatly enriched the art of German scholar of Winckelmann on art in ancient Greece was the first systematic study of the scholars, the 1870s,by Greece in the areas of archaeology, many ancient Greek works of art have been discovered, from ancient Greece have greatly enriched the art of . 12 12.
Engraving
Ancient Greek sculpture, was influenced by Egypt, and later created his own style Ancient Greek sculpture, was influenced by Egypt, and later created his own style . 500 BCE onward, gradually carving to decorate public buildings, especially to the temple, much to the work on the theme of the gods worshiped in the 500 BCE onward, gradually carving to decorate public buildings, especially to the temple, much to the work on the theme of the gods worshiped in the .
in addition to the statue, the Greek people and also helped to build the monument's in addition to the statue, the Greek people and also helped to build the monument's . this sculpture to celebrate the victory of war generally, award - winning athletes in sports, or some of the big political events shaping the this sculpture to celebrate the victory of war generally, award - winning athletes in sports, or some of the big political events shaping the .
16 is famous sculptor Phidias, Myron and wave's column, of Phidias was the statue of Athena engraver, he also was the original Parthenon temple carvings, still located in the Olympic pantheon,sculptured like Zeus, the Greek sculptor of the statue is a well - known story 16 is famous sculptor Phidias, Myron and wave's column, of Phidias was the statue of Athena engraver, he also was the original Parthenon temple carvings, still located in the Olympic pantheon,sculptured like Zeus, the Greek sculptor of the statue is a well - known story ., another famous sculptor Myron, carved out of the athletes and a variety of animal statues and stone or bronze as the material, some of his works can still be seen , another famous sculptor Myron, carved out of the athletes and a variety of animal statues and stone or bronze as the material, some of his works can still be seen .
wave leave Loftus g column shape are particularly proficient players, and bronze as the material of the Hellenistic Age wave leave Loftus g column shape are particularly proficient players, and bronze as the material of the Hellenistic Age ., sculptures appear indulgence with the exaggerated colors, though inferior to the classical period, but there is also a commendable work, such as the Venus of Milo and the winged victory of samothrace , sculptures appear indulgence with the exaggerated colors, though inferior to the classical period, but there is also a commendable work, such as the Venus of Milo and the winged victory of samothrace .
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Painting
Greek paintings, due to the multipurpose building in cloth or on a wall, likely due to natural calamities, and not easily preserved, therefore the work of, and next to last data, the most decorated krater was dug out of Greek paintings, due to the multipurpose building in cloth or on a wall, likely due to natural calamities, and not easily preserved, therefore the work of, and next to last data, the most decorated krater was dug out of . decorations are then referred to as" Grecian fresco ", and therefore such a representative painting of ancient Greek, ancient Greek bottle paintings can be classified into five categories, geometric pattern, the pattern of the latter; the black - painted, sketched and painted red - white - decorations are then referred to as" Grecian fresco ", and therefore such a representative painting of ancient Greek, ancient Greek bottle paintings can be classified into five categories, geometric pattern, the pattern of the latter; the black - painted, sketched and painted red - white - .
17 Ancient Greek Painting on Bottle contents, and most of the mythology is the mythology and heroic legend 17 Ancient Greek Painting on Bottle contents, and most of the mythology is the mythology and heroic legend . painting is vivid and historical materials, covers a wide range, such as war, hunting,production, home entertainment, sports, etc.
18 As to tall tales have a story, mostly paintings, many from the epics, mythology and ancient Greek drama 18 As to tall tales have a story, mostly paintings, many from the epics, mythology and ancient Greek drama . bottle painting is a painting of the ancient Greek, Roman, Renaissance and Art nearly reaching bottle painting is a painting of the ancient Greek, Roman, Renaissance and Art nearly reaching .
19 As for the painting of the Hellenistic era, with rare exceptions is found, the other works are lost 19 As for the painting of the Hellenistic era, with rare exceptions is found, the other works are lost . 20 20.
Building
Greek architecture, was influenced by Egypt, and later created his own style as Greek architecture, was influenced by Egypt, and later created his own style as . The greatest accomplishment, the monumental building art form, application in public buildings such as temples, theaters and arenas of ancient Greece The greatest accomplishment, the monumental building art form, application in public buildings such as temples, theaters and arenas of ancient Greece .
the four most frequently used vocabulary, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns and a lady statue type the four most frequently used vocabulary, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns and a lady statue type . ancient Greek architectural style is characterized by harmonious, perfect, sublime ancient Greek architectural style is characterized by harmonious, perfect, sublime .
while the Temple building for these features is the most conspicuous sign of ancient Greece and all over Europe and deepest architectural form while the Temple building for these features is the most conspicuous sign of ancient Greece and all over Europe and deepest architectural form . representative buildings as the Parthenon, the Pergamon altar of zeus,the world is a precious legacy of art, also in the world architectural art left a far - reaching effect on the representative buildings as the Parthenon, the Pergamon altar of zeus,the world is a precious legacy of art, also in the world architectural art left a far - reaching effect on the .
13 Greeks attach importance to public buildings, everything in his power to cover and beautifully, but generally the people whose homes were very simple, they are enthusiastic to participate in public affairs, refusing to build private dwellings but the Greeks of 13 Greeks attach importance to public buildings, everything in his power to cover and beautifully, but generally the people whose homes were very simple, they are enthusiastic to participate in public affairs, refusing to build private dwellings but the Greeks of . public works: like playground, fountain, courts, and walls: the author discusses how to flaunt wealth of private homes has been paid more attention to public works: like playground, fountain, courts, and walls: the author discusses how to flaunt wealth of private homes has been paid more attention to .
14 Hellenistic era, the building is mostly to Corinthian and Ionic, are no longer exposed humanism, equalization and carving, with lavish grand palace mainly 14 Hellenistic era, the building is mostly to Corinthian and Ionic, are no longer exposed humanism, equalization and carving, with lavish grand palace mainly . 15 15.
Science And Technology
Ancient Greek science, especially applied science in the successful Ancient Greek science, especially applied science in the successful . in astronomy is able to calculate eclipses of the sun and the moon, to know that the moon reflects sun light in astronomy is able to calculate eclipses of the sun and the moon, to know that the moon reflects sun light .
in calendar terms, the cities vary, generally on the lunar calendar every year is 354 days, weight 365 day Gregorian year, to coincide with the season, with the intercalary month adjusted in calendar terms, the cities vary, generally on the lunar calendar every year is 354 days, weight 365 day Gregorian year, to coincide with the season, with the intercalary month adjusted . in mathematics, and Pythagoras tanis has affected the progress of the geometry of the in mathematics, and Pythagoras tanis has affected the progress of the geometry of the .
In medicine, Hippocrates is an expert and that force must have a cause, there are said to be part of more than seventy books, are his writings on ancient Greek In medicine, Hippocrates is an expert and that force must have a cause, there are said to be part of more than seventy books, are his writings on ancient Greek . In addition he has contributed to the development of medicine,More so today referred to as the "father of medicine" In addition he has contributed to the development of medicine,More so today referred to as the "father of medicine" .
Hellenistic era in the history of science is also a very glorious era Hellenistic era in the history of science is also a very glorious era . first due to the advocate of rulers, Alexander the Great himself sponsorship to scientific research;The second Egyptian and Mesopotamian popularization for the Greeks to flourish;The third was in response to the needs of the times, to meet the comfort requirements and solve first due to the advocate of rulers, Alexander the Great himself sponsorship to scientific research;The second Egyptian and Mesopotamian popularization for the Greeks to flourish;The third was in response to the needs of the times, to meet the comfort requirements and solve .
in this case, astronomy, mathematics, geography, medicine and physics have some degree of progress in this case, astronomy, mathematics, geography, medicine and physics have some degree of progress . 21 21.
Social
through the ancient Greek city - states. Every situation is different, but people perceived as its" city - - for a city has strong patriotic consciousness Greeks general diet very simple, mostly eating meals everyday, lunch is usually only a pea or bean, again with a slice of raw onion or grilled turnip (radishes);In the sunset while eating his dinner is the staple food, bread, cheese, figs, olives, as well as the occasional fish or meat Greeks general diet very simple, mostly eating meals everyday, lunch is usually only a pea or bean, again with a slice of raw onion or grilled turnip (radishes);In the sunset while eating his dinner is the staple food, bread, cheese, figs, olives, as well as the occasional fish or meat .
Greeks wore simple jackets often is to the knee or ankle, waist with rope or woolen knitted ribbon belt, no socks, shoes and sandals, mostly Greeks Greeks wore simple jackets often is to the knee or ankle, waist with rope or woolen knitted ribbon belt, no socks, shoes and sandals, mostly Greeks . of the Dwelling Department with stones or bricks drying in the sun and the canary into the premises above stucco of the Dwelling Department with stones or bricks drying in the sun and the canary into the premises above stucco .
Greeks work fairly hard, most of which were at the foot of the city - states and waking Greeks work fairly hard, most of which were at the foot of the city - states and waking . among warring Chang lives and property damage to among warring Chang lives and property damage to .
before Athens after its defeat in the Peloponnesian War, Sparta had achieved a leadership position,Each Greek states split into the haves and have - nots, oligarchs and democrats of the conflict, and there is no longer the unity and solidarity and patriotism before Athens after its defeat in the Peloponnesian War, Sparta had achieved a leadership position,Each Greek states split into the haves and have - nots, oligarchs and democrats of the conflict, and there is no longer the unity and solidarity and patriotism . Hellenistic era states to the long - running civil war, resulting in occurrence of homeless people when Hellenistic era states to the long - running civil war, resulting in occurrence of homeless people when .
22 constitute a complex of ancient Greek residents, farmers, businessmen, government workers, artisans, entertainers, slaves like 22 constitute a complex of ancient Greek residents, farmers, businessmen, government workers, artisans, entertainers, slaves like . lived in the ancient Greek polis, as many of the peasants is lived in the ancient Greek polis, as many of the peasants is .
They mainly grow wheat, grapes and olives and other crops They mainly grow wheat, grapes and olives and other crops . part the greeks were traders, they sell pottery, wine, sweaters and other goods in addition to the part the greeks were traders, they sell pottery, wine, sweaters and other goods in addition to the .
subsistence farmers and tradesmen, artisans and some of these exquisite craftsmanship at subsistence farmers and tradesmen, artisans and some of these exquisite craftsmanship at .,Can of pottery, paintings and other beautiful pattern ,Can of pottery, paintings and other beautiful pattern .
farmers, merchants and artisans, of ancient Greece there's a lot from the prisoners of war or other conduit of slaves. They lived a hard 22 22.
