分詞概述
分詞既有動詞的特徵，由有形容詞和副詞的特徵。分詞有現在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現在分詞有一般式和完成式，過去分詞沒有這種區別。及物動詞的現在分詞還有主動形式和被動形式的區別。功能
分詞作狀語
分詞在句子中作狀語，可以表示時間、條件、原因、結果、讓步、伴隨等。
分詞（短語）作狀語時，其邏輯主語應與句中主語相一致。當現在分詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前時, 則用現在分詞的完成式；當所表示的動作與謂語的動作同時發生, 則用現在分詞的一般式。完成或被動關係用過去分詞。
（1）現在分詞
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
（2）過去分詞
[1]Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.
[2]Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
"while ( when, once等連詞)＋分詞"結構
現在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時，有時可以在分詞前加while，when, once, although, until, if等連詞。
[1]When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
[2]While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
[3]Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
[4]Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.
[5]If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
分詞作定語
分詞作定語時，單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置於所修飾的中心詞後面。現在分詞修飾的是發出該動作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關係)，過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(即與名詞是動賓關係)。
[1]We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
[2]This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
[3]We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
[4]After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
[5]More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
分詞作賓語補足語
現在分詞在感官動詞（see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等）、短語動詞（look at, listen to等）、使役動詞（have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等）後面與名詞或代詞構成複合賓語，作賓語補語的成分。
[1]We saw them walking across the road.
[2]We heard the children singing"I Love Beijing's Tian An Men".
[3]I found my home town almost completely rebulit.
在have或get 後面的複合賓語中，賓語補足語多是過去分詞，而它所表示的動作又往往由別人所完成。
[1]We must get the television set repaired.
[2]I had my watch mended in town
[3]If we have shortcomings,we are not afraid to have them pointed out and criticized.
但have的複合賓語中的過去分詞的動作有時不一定由別人來完成，而是表示自己的經驗。
He had his arm broken.
分詞作表語
現在分詞表示主語的性質，而且主語多為物；過去分詞表示主語的感受或狀態，主語多為人。
用法
現在分詞的用法
1) 做表語：
He was very amusing.
That book was rather boring.
很多動詞的現在分詞都可以作表語：
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2) 作定語：
上面所出現的現在分詞都可以用作定語, 修飾一個名詞：
That must have been a terrifying experience.
I found him a charming person.
現在分詞短語還可以放在名詞的後面修飾名詞, 相當於一個定語從句：
There are a few boys swimming in the river.
There is a car waiting outside.
3) 作狀語：
現在分詞短語可以表示一個同時發生的次要的或伴隨的動作：
Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.
Opening the drawer, he took out a box.
Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
現在分詞短語還可以表示原因, 相當於一個原因狀語從句：
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.
現在分詞短語還可以表示時間, 相當於一個時間狀語從句：
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
Returning home, he began to do his homework.
Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
Be careful when crossing the road.
Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
Having finished her work, she went home.
4)作賓補：
現在分詞在一些動詞之後可以做賓語的補語：
例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.
I see him passing my house every day.
I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning.
She kept him working all day.
過去分詞的用法
1) 作表語：
We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
She felt confused, and even frightened.
They were very pleased with the girl.
I’m satisfied with your answer.
He is not interested in research.
2) 作定語：
She has a pleased look on her face.
The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.
cooked food
a written report
fried eggs
boiled water
frozen food
armed forces
required courses
fallen leaves
finished products
a forced smile
the risen sun
new arrived visitors
What’s the language spoken in that country?
They’re problem left over by history.
The play put on by the teachers was a big success.
Is there anybody injured?
Do you know the number of books ordered?
3)作狀語：
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.
They came in, followed by some children.
Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.
When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.
4)作賓補：
過去分詞也同樣可以作賓語的補語， 接在某些動詞後面
I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.
When they get back home, they found the room robbed.
幾點說明
分詞作賓語補足語現在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動詞和look at, listen to等短語動詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動詞後面與名詞或代詞構成複合賓語，作賓語補語的成分。
分詞作表語分詞作表語通常看作形容詞來用。現在分詞表示主語的性質，而且主語多為物；過去分詞表示主語的感受或狀態，主語多為人。
鞏固練習
（）1.__________withthebeststudents,Istillhavealongwaytogo.
A.HavingcomparedB.Tocompare
C.ComparedD.Compare
（）2.Themusicofthefilm_________byhimsoundsso___________.
A.playing,excitingB.played,excited
C.playing,excitedD.played,exciting
（）3.__________againstthecominghurricane,theydidn'tdareleavehome.
A.WarnedB.Havingwarned
C.TowarnD.Warn
（）4.In__________countries,youcan’talwaysmakeyourself_______byspeakingEnglish.
A.English-speaking,understandB.English-spoken,understand
C.English-speaking,understoodD.English-spoken,understood
（）5.After_____________theoldman,thedoctorsuggestedthathe___________abadcold.
A.examining,shouldcatchB.examined,hadcaught
C.examining,hadcaughtD.examined,catch
（）6._____________,Tomjumpedintotheriverandhadagoodtimeinit.
A.BeagoodswimmerB.Beingagoodswimmer
C.HavingbeengoodswimmerD.Tobeagoodswimmer
（）7.________howtoreadthenewwords,Ioftenlookthemupinthedictionary.
A.HavingnotknownB.Nottoknow
C.Don’tknowD.Notknowing
（）8.Ashisparent,youshouldn’thaveyourchild___________suchabook.
A.readB.toread
C.readingD.bereading
（）9.Hereturnedfromabroad______________thathismotherhadbeenbadlyill.
A.heardB.havingbeenheard
C.havingphonedD.havingbeenphoned
答案:1.C2.D3.A4.C5.C6.B7.D8.C9.D
